[논문]분류군별 외래생물 탐지를 위한 환경 DNA 메타바코딩 활용 가능성

강유진; 전정은; 한승우; 원수연; 송영근

doi:10.14249/eia.2023.32.2.94

분류군별 외래생물 탐지를 위한 환경 DNA 메타바코딩 활용 가능성
Feasibility of Environmental DNA Metabarcoding for Invasive Species Detection According to Taxa 원문보기

환경영향평가 = Journal of environmental impact assessment, v.32 no.2, 2023년, pp.94 - 111

강유진 (서울대학교 협동과정조경학) , 전정은 (서울대학교 환경대학원 환경조경학과) , 한승우 (서울대학교 협동과정조경학) , 원수연 (서울대학교 협동과정조경학) , 송영근 (서울대학교 환경대학원 환경조경학과)

초록
AI-Helper

효과적인 외래생물 관리 전략 수립을 위해서는 도입 및 확산 여부 평가를 위한 정기 모니터링이 요구된다. 환경 DNA (eDNA, environmental DNA) 메타바코딩은 높은 검출 민감도를 가지고 다수의 종을 동시에 검출할 수 있어 외래생물의 출현 여부와 그 영향을 평가하는데 활발히 활용되고 있다. 국내에서는 어류를 중심으로 메타바코딩의 적용 가능성 평가가 이루어지고 있으며 타 분류군에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 환경 DNA 메타바코딩을 활용한 국내 외래생물 탐지 가능성을 확인하고자 했다. 분류군별 검출 가능성을 확인하기 위해 어류, 포유류, 조류, 양서류를 목표로 디자인 된 4가지 범용 프라이머(MiFish, MiMammal, Mibird, Amp16S)를 활용하여 대상종 검출 여부를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 총 55개 지점 중 17개 지점(Trachemys scripta, 3개 지점; Cervus nippon, 3개 지점; Micropterus salmoides, 7개 지점; Rana catesbeiana, 4개 지점)에서 대상종의 서식이 확인되었다. 대상지 내 조밀한 지점 선정에도 생태적 특성을 반영한 검출 지점에 차이가 나타났다. 큰입배스와 붉은귀거북을 중심으로 외래생물이 출현이 생물 군집구조(종 풍부도, 풍부도, 다양도)에 미치는 영향을 비교한 결과, 외래생물이 서식하는 지점에서의 다양도가 더 높게 나타났다. 또한 외래생물 출현 지점에서 출현 종 수가 1~4종 추가 검출되었으며 풍부도 또한 1.7배 높게 나타났다. 메타바코딩을 통한 외래생물 검출 결과 및 군집구조 비교는 eDNA를 통한 다량의 모니터링 데이터 구축이 다차원적 생태계 평가에 효율적으로 활용될 수 있음을 나타냈다. 또한 환경의 인위적, 자연적 변화에 따른 생물상 변화를 관찰하고 자연생태 분야의 환경영향평가 등 현황 평가 및 예측을 위한 주요한 기초자료로 활용 가능성을 제시하였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

In order to establish an effective management strategy for invasive species early detection and regular monitoring are required to assess their introduction or dispersal. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is actively applied to evaluate the fauna including the presence of invasive species as it has high detection sensitivity and can detect multiple species simultaneously. In Korea, the applicability evaluation of metabarcoding is being conducted mainly on fish, and research on other taxa is insufficient. Therefore, this study identified the feasibility of detecting invasive species in Korea using eDNA metabarcoding. In addition, to confirm the possibility of detection by taxa, the detection of target species was evaluated using four universal primers (MiFish, MiMammal, Mibird, Amp16S) designed for fish, mammals, birds, and amphibians. As a result, target species (Trachemys scripta, 3 sites; Cervus nippon, 3 sites; Micropterus salmoides, 7 sites; Rana catesbeiana, 4 sites) were detected in 17 of the total 55 sites. Even in the selection of dense sampling sites within the study area, there was a difference in the detection result by reflecting the ecological characteristics of the target species. A comparison of community structures (species richness, abundance and diversity) based on the presence of invasive species focused on M.salmoides and T.scripta, showed higher diversity at the point where invasive species were detected. Also, 1 to 4 more species were detected and abundance was also up to 1.7 times higher. The results of invasive species detection through metabarcoding and the comparison of community structures indicate that the accumulation of large amounts of monitoring data through eDNA can be efficiently utilized for multidimensional ecosystem evaluation. In addition, it suggested that eDNA can be used as major data for evaluation and prediction, such as tracking biological changes caused by artificial and natural factors and environmental impact assessment.

주제어

표/그림 (7)

그림 Figure 1. Map of the study area and image. YS, Yeouido Sategang Ecological Park (14 sites); AY, Anyang stream (15 sites); GU, Gulup-do (9 sites); CW, Chungcheongnam-do rice paddy wetlands (19 sites).
표 Table 1. Coordinates of sampling sites and results of water quality measurement
표 Table 1. Continued
표 Table 2. List of universal primers applied for identifying fauna in this study
그림 Figure 2. Map of eDNA sampling sites. Each site is marked with a circle and its presence location is colored. Color codes correspond to target species (detected species).
표 Table 3. Invasive species detected by universal primers in study area
그림 Figure 3. Box plots compared the species community structure of fish, amphibians and reptiles with species richness, abundance and diversity according to presence and absence of invasive species. Red and blue box plots represent M.salmoides and T.scripta, respectively.

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저자의 다른 논문 :

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

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용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

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