[논문]무등산국립공원의 암설사면 분포변화 및 식생 특성

박석곤; 김동효

doi:10.13047/kjee.2023.37.1.1

[국내논문] 무등산국립공원의 암설사면 분포변화 및 식생 특성
Changes in Distribution of Debris Slopes and Vegetation Characteristics in Mudeungsan National Park 원문보기

한국환경생태학회지 = Korean journal of environment and ecology, v.37 no.1, 2023년, pp.1 - 12

박석곤 (국립순천대학교 산림자원.조경학부) , 김동효 ((사)한국환경생태연구소)

초록
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무등산국립공원의 과거(1966년)와 현재(2017년) 항공사진으로 암설사면 분포면적을 분석했고, 암설사면과 그 일대의 식생을 조사하여 암설사면의 면적 변화에 영향을 주는 식생의 특성을 알아보았다. 무등산에 외관상 보이는 암설사면의 면적은 과거보다 1/4수준까지 줄어들었다. 이곳의 암설사면은 51년 동안 식생 피복에 의해 연평균 2.3ha씩 감소했다. 특히, 저지대 완경사지에 소면적의 암설사면은 식생 피복이 활발하여 대부분이 사라졌다. 하지만 서향, 남서향, 남향 그리고 대면적의 암설사면이 남아 있었는데 이는 태양의 복사열이 암괴의 표면온도를 급속도로 상승시켜, 수분 건조에 따른 수목 생육이 불리해졌기 때문이다. 이런 입지특성 때문에 가장 넓은 덕산너덜 중간부의 소규모 식생은 인접한 산림지역과 다른 특성을 보였다. 덕산너덜에는 양지바른 곳이나 내건조성이 뛰어난 수종이 흔하게 출현했다. 하지만, 토양조건이 양호한 계곡부에 잘 자라는 호습성 수종 또한 세력이 우세했다. 이곳 일부에는 암괴 틈사이로 세립물질과 유기물 축적으로 토양층이 발달해 이런 수종이 정착해 자라는 것으로 보인다. 한편, 무등산 정상부에는 산림이 암설사면을 덮었는데 고지대에 전형적으로 자라는 신갈나무·철쭉이 우세했다. 이곳은 덕산너덜처럼 암괴 밀도가 높지 않고 토양이 드러나, 식생 발달에 유리했다고 본다. 또한 이곳에는 계곡부에 출현하는 물푸레나무와 당단풍나무의 세력이 강했다. 이는 일부 지역에 암괴들이 떨어져 아래에 쌓이면서 원지형을 오목한 형태의 함몰지형으로 만들어, 빗물 집수로 인해 토양수분이 높아졌기 때문이다. 결론적으로 암괴사면의 면적, 암괴밀도, 분포유형이 암설지형에서의 식생발달과 종조성에 지대한 영향을 미쳤다고 본다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

We analyzed the distribution area of debris slopes in Mudeungsan (Mt. Mudeung) National Park by comparing aerial photos of the past (1966) and the present (2017) and identified the vegetation characteristics that affect the change in the area of the debris slopes by investigating the vegetation status of the debris slopes and the surrounding areas. The area of debris slopes in Mt. Mudeung appears to have been reduced to a quarter of what it used to be. Debris slopes here have decreased at an average rate of 2.3 ha/yr over 51 years by vegetation covers. Notably, most of the small-area debris slopes in the low-inclination slopes disappeared due to active vegetation coverage. However, there are still west-facing, south-west-facing, south-facing, and large-area debris slopes remaining because the sun's radiant heat rapidly raises the surface temperature of rock blocks and dries moisture, making tree growth unfavorable. Because of these locational characteristics, the small-scale vegetation in the middle of Deoksan Stony Slope, which is the broadest area, showed distinct characteristics from the adjacent forest areas. Sunny places and tree species with excellent drying resistance were observed frequently in Deoksan Stony Slope. However, tree species with high hygropreference that grow well in valleys with good soil conditions also prevailed. In some of these places, the soil layer has been well developed due to the accumulation of fine materials and organic matter between the crevices of the rock blocks, which is likely to have provided favorable conditions for such tree species to settle and grow. At the top of Mt. Mudeung, on the other hand, the forest covered the debris slopes, where Mongolian oaks (Quercus mongolica) and royal azaleas (Rhododendron schlippenbachii), which typically grow in the highlands, prevailed. This area was considered favorable for the development of vegetation for the highlands because the density of rock blocks was lower than in Deoksan Stony Slope, and the soil was exposed. Moreover, ash trees (Fraxinus rhynchophylla) and Korean maple trees (Acer pseudosieboldianum) that commonly appear in the valley areas were dominant here. It is probably due to the increased moisture content in the soil, which resulted from creating a depressive landform with a concave shape that is easy to collect rainwater as rock blocks in some areas fell and piled up in the lower region. In conclusion, the area, density of the rock blocks, and distribution pattern of rock block slopes would have affected the vegetation development and species composition in the debris slope landform.

주제어

표/그림 (8)

그림 Figure 1. Changes in the landscape of the debris slope of the Mudeungsan National Park seen from aerial photographs of the past (1966) and present (2017).
그림 Figure 2. Surveyed plots of vegetation characteristics in Mudeungsan National Park.
그림 Figure 3. Comparison of changes in the debris slope between 1966 and 2017 in aerial photography of Mudeungsan National Park.
그림 Figure 4. Distribution of the debris slopes according to topographic conditions (A: altitude, B: aspect, C: slope) and the debris slope area (D) and number (E) by the area range in the Mudeungsan National Park.
그림 Figure 5. The dendrogram of classification by TWINSPAN using one 34 plots in the Mudeungsan National Park (Qm:Quercus mongolica, Rs: Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Sj: Styrax japonicus, Rm: Rhododendron mucronulatum, Fr: Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Ap: Acer pictum subsp. mono, Pt: Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Non: No differential species).
그림 Figure 6. DCA(detrended communication analysis) ordination diagram of four surveyed sites in the Mudeungsan National Park.
표 Table 1. General description of the physical and vegetation of the surveyed site in the Mudeungsan National Park
표 Table 2. Importance percentage of major woody species by the stratum for each community in the Mudeungsan National Park

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