[논문]우주생명현상과 성간천체 탐사 전망

Minsun Kim; Ryun Young Kwon; Thiem Hoang; Sungwook E. Hong

doi:10.5303/pkas.2023.38.2.025

[국내논문] 우주생명현상과 성간천체 탐사 전망
THE PROSPECT OF INTERSTELLAR OBJECT EXPLORATIONS FOR SEARCHING LIFE IN COSMOS 원문보기

천문학논총 = Publications of the Korean Astronomical Society, v.38 no.2, 2023년, pp.25 - 36

Minsun Kim (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute) , Ryun Young Kwon (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute) , Thiem Hoang (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute) , Sungwook E. Hong (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Since interstellar objects like 1I/'Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov originate from exoplanetary systems, even if we do not visit the exoplanetary systems, flyby, rendezvous, and sample return missions of interstellar objects can provide clues to solve the mysteries of cosmic life phenomena such as the origin of exoplanetary systems, galactic evolution, biosignatures (or even technosignatures), and panspermia. In this paper, we review space missions for interstellar object exploration in the stage of mission design or concept study such as Project Lyra, Bridge, Comet Interceptors, and LightcraftTM. We also review space missions, OSIRIS-REx and NEA Scout, designed for Near Earth Asteroids(NEA) explorations, to investigate the current state of basic technologies that can be extended to explore interstellar objects in a velocity of ~ 6AU/year. One of the technologies that needs to be developed for interstellar object exploration is a spacecraft propulsion method such as solar sail, which can catch up with the fast speed of interstellar objects. If this kind of propulsion becomes practical for space explorations, interstellar object explorations will mark a new era and serve as a driving force to provide evidences of cosmic life.

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표/그림 (15)

그림 Figure 1. (a) Pan-STARRS1 discovery image of 'Oumuamua on 2017 October 19: 'Oumuamua is the faint trail centered in the red circle. Red regions are masked pixels. (b) CFHT image obtained on October 22 guided at the rate of 'Oumuamua, which shows up as a point, whereas the stars are trailed. There is no extended scattered light around `Oumuamua, that is, no hint of a dust coma. Image Source: Fig. 1 of Meech et al. (2017), reused with permission from ©Springer Nature; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Permission of reusing the figure must be obtained from the original copyright holder.
표 Table 1 Basic Information of Interstellar Objects
그림 Figure 2. left. Artists' concepts of 'Oumuamua as elongated shape. Image Source: https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1737a/, Image Credit: ©European Southern Observatory/M. Kornmesser. right. Artists' concepts of 'Oumuamua as pancake-shaped disk. Image Source: https://news.asu.edu/20210316-asu-scientists-determine-origin-strange-interstellar-object, Image Credit: Painting copyrighted by William K. Hartmann, Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona, United States.; reused with permission from William K. Hartmann. Permission of reusing the figure must be obtained from the original copyright holder.
표 Table 2 Type of missions to Interstellar Objects
그림 Figure 3. left. Project Lyra E-E-J-DSM-J-1I (Earth-Earth-Jupiter-Deep Space Maneuver-Jupiter-1I) trajectory based on the Optimum Interplanetary Trajectory Software. Total ΔV = 16:4 km/s. One key drawback is the launch date in 2023, which is too short notice for developing and launching a spacecraft, using current engineering practice. Image Source: Fig 6. of Hibberd et al. (2020b), reused with permission from ©Elsevier; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Permission of reusing the gure must be obtained from the original copyright holder. right. Trajectory V_∞ maneuver to Jupiter to Solar Oberth at 6R_⊙ to 1I/'Oumuamua. Launch 2030. Minimum ΔV trajectory of 15.3 km/s. Image Source: Fig. 1 of Hein et al. (2022), reused with permission from ©Elsevier; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Permission of reusing the figure must be obtained from the original copyright holder.
표 Table 3 Interstellar Object Exploration Missions
그림 Figure 4. Concept of operations of the main Bridge space- craft (black solid line) and the impactor (red dashed line) during the ISO encounter. Time is shown along the top axes relative to the time of impact (T = 0). Spacecraft observations and data acquisition are tied to the three science objectives along the bottom of the gure. The first dashed line on the science objectives represents the start of data acquisition/transmission, and the red dashed line represents the completion of mission critical data collection/transmission. Color gradients represent the progression of the data collection/transmission. All data for critical science for each science objective would be transmitted back to Earth before closest approach. Image Source: Fig. 5 of Moore et al. (2021), reused with permission from ©Elsevier; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Permission of reusing the figure must be obtained from the original copyright holder.
그림 Figure 5. Overview of Bridge spacecraft bus and conguration with instrument payload shown. Each view of the spacecraft bus represents a different viewing angle for the viewing of all relevant components. Image Source: Fig. 7 of Moore et al. (2021), reused with permission from ©Elsevier; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Permission of reusing the figure must be obtained from the original copyright holder.
그림 Figure 6. Sketch of the Comet Interceptor's mission phases. The spacecraft launches from Earth and waits at L2 until a suitable comet is discovered, before departing on an interplanetary cruise to be in the right place at the right time to intercept the comet as it crosses the ecliptic plane. The smaller probes are released just before arriving at the comet. The trajectory of the spacecraft is in green, while the comet's orbit is in red. Image Source: Fig. 1 of Snodgrass & Jones (2019), reused under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license.
그림 Figure 7. The proposed general encounter sequence for Comet Interceptor, not to scale. Green, blue and red lines are the trajectories of spacecraft (SC) A, B1 and B2, respectively. SC A passes farthest from the nucleus, performing remote sensing observations and receiving data from SC B1 and B2, which follow near-parallel trajectories nearer the nucleus. Post-encounter, SC A transmits stored data from all three platforms to Earth. The nal SC, payload and precise yby scenario may change as the mission development proceeds. Image Source: Fig. 2 of Snodgrass & Jones (2019), reused under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license.
그림 Figure 8. Deployment and articulation of Lightcraft^TM sails. Four phases are shown: i) stowed launch configuration, ii) panel deployment, iii) rear vanes deploy, and iv) forward vanes deploy. Image Source: Fig. 9 of Garber et al. (2022), reused with permission from ©Springer Nature; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Permission of reusing the figure must be obtained from the original copyright holder.
그림 Figure 9. The sail temperature dependence of the sail ma- terial with the perihelion, assuming a total thermal emissiv- ity of ϵ = 0:1, 0.5, 1, and 2. Horizontal dashed lines show the melting temperatures of aluminum(Al) and aluminized polyimide (e.g., aluminum coated CP1^TM, Kapton^TM, and Mylar). An aluminized KaptonTM sail may be expected to reach as close as 0.15AU (≃ 32R⊙) without melting, when ϵ = 1. Image Source: Fig. 7 of Garber et al. (2022), reused with permission from ©Springer Nature; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Permission of reusing the gure must be obtained from the original copy-right holder.
그림 Figure 10. The LightCraft^TM's interstellar object intercept trajectory from Earth to solar system escape speed. Image Source : Figure 3 of Garber et al. (2022), reused with permission from ©Springer Nature; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Permission of reusing the figure must be obtained from the original copyright holder.
그림 Figure 11. Diagram of the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft's Sample Acquisition trajectory, during which the spacecraft's TAGSAM(Touch and Go Sample Acquisition Mechanism) head will make contact with the asteroid Bennu to collect a sample of its regolith. Image Source: Fig. 34 of Lauretta et al. (2017), reused with permission from ©Springer Nature; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Permission of reusing the figure must be obtained from the original copyright holder.
그림 Figure 12. Observed shape during ground demonstration of the NEA Scout's sail deployment. Image Source: Fig. 9 of Lockett et al. (2019), Image Credit: ©NASA

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