[논문]아문젠해 서남극 빙붕 용융과 영향에 대한 고찰: 연구동향 및 과학적 질문

윤승태

doi:10.4217/opr.2023010

[국내논문] 아문젠해 서남극 빙붕 용융과 영향에 대한 고찰: 연구동향 및 과학적 질문
Review of the Melting of West Antarctic Ice Shelves in the Amundsen Sea and Its Influence: Research Issues and Scientific Questions 원문보기

Ocean and polar research, v.45 no.3, 2023년, pp.155 - 172

윤승태 (경북대학교 자연과학대학 지구시스템과학부)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The collapse of ice shelves is a process that can severely increase the rise of global sea-levels through the reduction of the buttressing effect of ice shelves and the consequent acceleration of the ice flow of ice sheets. In recent years, the West Antarctic ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea, whose buttressing effect is essential for a great part of the West Antarctic ice sheet, have been experiencing the most rapid melting and thinning in the world. The melting of the West Antarctic ice shelves is caused primarily by heat transported by Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW). For this reason, it is important to investigate ice-ocean interactions that could influence the melting of ice shelves and evaluate the stability of West Antarctic ice shelves. A lot of researchers have been actively investigating the West Antarctic ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea. High-impact journals have recognized the importance of and published studies on ice-ocean interactions occurring near and under the ice shelves as well as the connections among ice shelves. However, in situ observations are limited due to extreme weather and sea-ice conditions near the ice shelves; therefore, many scientific questions remain unanswered. This study introduces the characteristics of the Amundsen Sea and investigate the past and latest research issues in this region. This study also gives suggestions regarding important scientific questions and directions for future research that should help early-career scientists take the lead in future research on the melting dynamics of the West Antarctic ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea.

Keyword

표/그림 (2)

그림 Fig. 1. (a) A topographic map of the Amundsen Sea with a schematic pattern of ocean circulation. There are the location and feature of Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and Ross Gyre (Nakayama et al. 2018), and expected pathways of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) intrusion onto the continental shelf (red arrows) (Jacobs et al. 2012). The gray line denotes positions of grounding line. The upper-left panel indicates a location of the Amundsen Sea in the S outhern Ocean. The abbreviations DGT, PITW, PITE, ACT, and PITT indicate Dotson-Getz Trough, Pine Island-Thwaites West trough, East trough, Abbot-Cosgrove Trough, and Pine Island-Thwaites Trough, respectively. (b) A detailed topographic map near the Thwaites Glacier (TG) and Pine Island Ice Shelf (PIIS) (Hogan et al. 2020). Blue arrows indicate schematic circulation pattern of glacial meltwater flowing out from the PIIS and TG suggested by Biddle et al. (2017, 2019), Wåhlin et al. (2021), Yoon et al. (2022), and Dotto et al. (2022). Red arrows denote main pathways of CDW intrusion into the PIIS and TG (Dutrieux et al. 2014a; Wåhlin et al. 2021; Yoon et al. 2022). The solid (dotted) blue circle denotes the approximate size and position of the cyclonic (anticyclonic) gyre found in Yoon et al. (2022) and Zheng et al. (2022). The abbreviations TT, TGT, EIS, EB, PIT, and PIB mean Thwaites Trough, Thwaites Glacier Tongue, thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, Eastern Basin, Pine Island Trough, and Pine Island Bay, respectively
$Fig. 2. (a) Examples of θ-S diagram in the Warm and Cold Water Cavities. The gray dots show seawater properties observed near the Thwaites Glacier and Pine Island Ice Shelf in 2009 (Jacobs et al. 2011) and 2014 (Heywood et al. 2016). The closed area by the dashed blue line indicates general range of θ-S in the Ross Sea (Orsi and Wiederwohl, 2009; Budillon et al. 2011; Yoon et al. 2020). The red (blue) plus symbols denote mean properties for water masses observed in the Warm (Cold) Water Cavity. A-AASW, CDW, and WW represent Amundsen Sea-Antarctic Surface Water, Circumpolar Deep Water, and Winter Water. R-AASW, AABW, LSSW, TISW, and HSSW mean Ross Sea-Antarctic Surface Water, Antarctic Bottom Water, Low Salinity Shelf Water, Terra Nova Bay Ice Shelf Water, and High S alinity Shelf Water. T he s urface freezing point depending on the s alinity is s hown by the dotted blue line. Isopycnals (kg/m3) are represented by the dashed black lines, and 28 and 28.27 kg/m3 γn (neutral density) surfaces are denoted by solid gray lines. (b) A example of meltwater fraction estimated near the Thwaites Glacier and Pine Island Ice Shelf in 2009 (Jacobs et al. 2011; Yoon et al. 2022). The black circles indicate end-members for Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) and Winter Water (WW). T he green l ine links CDW and ice water properties. The blue (black) dashed lines denote meltwater fraction of 0 and 20 (35) permille. The upper-left panel represents a schematic figure for changes in profiles of potential temperature (red) and dissolved oxygen (blue) when glacial meltwater (GMW) is intruded into WW layer$ 그림 Fig. 2. (a) Examples of θ-S diagram in the Warm and Cold Water Cavities. The gray dots show seawater properties observed near the Thwaites Glacier and Pine Island Ice Shelf in 2009 (Jacobs et al. 2011) and 2014 (Heywood et al. 2016). The closed area by the dashed blue line indicates general range of θ-S in the Ross Sea (Orsi and Wiederwohl, 2009; Budillon et al. 2011; Yoon et al. 2020). The red (blue) plus symbols denote mean properties for water masses observed in the Warm (Cold) Water Cavity. A-AASW, CDW, and WW represent Amundsen Sea-Antarctic Surface Water, Circumpolar Deep Water, and Winter Water. R-AASW, AABW, LSSW, TISW, and HSSW mean Ross Sea-Antarctic Surface Water, Antarctic Bottom Water, Low Salinity Shelf Water, Terra Nova Bay Ice Shelf Water, and High S alinity Shelf Water. T he s urface freezing point depending on the s alinity is s hown by the dotted blue line. Isopycnals (kg/m³) are represented by the dashed black lines, and 28 and 28.27 kg/m³ γⁿ (neutral density) surfaces are denoted by solid gray lines. (b) A example of meltwater fraction estimated near the Thwaites Glacier and Pine Island Ice Shelf in 2009 (Jacobs et al. 2011; Yoon et al. 2022). The black circles indicate end-members for Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) and Winter Water (WW). T he green l ine links CDW and ice water properties. The blue (black) dashed lines denote meltwater fraction of 0 and 20 (35) permille. The upper-left panel represents a schematic figure for changes in profiles of potential temperature (red) and dissolved oxygen (blue) when glacial meltwater (GMW) is intruded into WW layer

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[국내논문] 아문젠해 서남극 빙붕 용융과 영향에 대한 고찰: 연구동향 및 과학적 질문
Review of the Melting of West Antarctic Ice Shelves in the Amundsen Sea and Its Influence: Research Issues and Scientific Questions 원문보기

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[국내논문] 아문젠해 서남극 빙붕 용융과 영향에 대한 고찰: 연구동향 및 과학적 질문 Review of the Melting of West Antarctic Ice Shelves in the Amundsen Sea and Its Influence: Research Issues and Scientific Questions 원문보기

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[국내논문] 아문젠해 서남극 빙붕 용융과 영향에 대한 고찰: 연구동향 및 과학적 질문
Review of the Melting of West Antarctic Ice Shelves in the Amundsen Sea and Its Influence: Research Issues and Scientific Questions 원문보기