[논문]구봉 금-은 광상일대 시추코아(04-1)에서 산출되는 함 티타늄 광물들의 산상과 화학조성

유봉철

doi:10.22807/kjmp.2023.36.3.185

구봉 금-은 광상일대 시추코아(04-1)에서 산출되는 함 티타늄 광물들의 산상과 화학조성
Occurrence and Chemical Composition of Ti-bearing Minerals from Drilling Core (No.04-1) at Gubong Au-Ag Deposit Area, Republic of Korea 원문보기

광물과 암석 = Korean journal of mineralogy and petrology, v.36 no.3, 2023년, pp.185 - 197

초록
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구봉 금-은 광상은 선캠브리아기의 변성퇴적암류내에 발달된 열극대를 충진한 8개조의 석영맥으로 구성된 조산형과 intrusion-related형이 혼합된 광상으로 과거 한국에서 가장 큰 금-은 광상들 중의 하나였다. 대한광업진흥공사는 이 광상의 남부에서 시추(90-12)를 통한 심도 -728 ML에서 27.9 g/t Au 품위를 갖는 0.9 m 폭을 갖는 석영맥(6호맥)을 착맥하였으며 2004년 재차 6호맥의 재개발 가능성 검토를 위해 시추(04-1)를 수행하였다. 2004년 시추 현장에서 모암, 모암변질 및 석영맥 시료들(04-1)을 채취하여 함 티타늄 광물들(티탄철석, 금홍석)의 산상과 화학조성을 연구하였다. 심도 -275 ML의 광화대에서 관찰되는 금홍석은 모암변질대에서 칼리장석, 흑운모, 석영, 방해석, 녹니석 및 황철석과 함께 산출된다. 심도 -779 ML의 광맥(6호맥)에서 관찰되는 티탄철석과 금홍석은 모암변질대와 석영맥에서 백색운모, 녹니석, 인회석, 저어콘, 석영, 방해석, 자류철석 및 황철석과 함께 산출된다. 이들 광물조합을 토대로, 금홍석은 열수 용액에 의한 모암내 Ti을 풍부하게 함유한 흑운모의 열수변질작용(녹니석화작용) 시 형성된 것으로 생각된다. 티탄철석은 최대 0.09 wt.% (HfO₂), 0.39 wt.% (V₂O₃), 0.54 wt.% (BaO) 함량이 함유되어 있다. 심도 -275 ML과 -779 ML에서 산출되는 금홍석의 화학조성을 비교하면, 심도 -779 ML의 광맥(6호맥)의 금홍석에서 WO₃, FeO 및 BaO 원소들의 함량이 높다. 이들 미량원소들은 심도 -275 ML의 금홍석 Ba^²⁺ + Al^³⁺ + Hf^⁴⁺ + (Nb⁵+, Ta^⁵⁺) ↔ 3Ti⁴⁺ + Fe²⁺, 2V⁴⁺ + (W⁵⁺, Ta⁵⁺, Nb⁵⁺) ↔ 2Ti⁴⁺ + Al³⁺ + (Fe²⁺, Ba²⁺), Al³⁺ + V⁴⁺ + (Nb⁵⁺, Ta⁵⁺) ↔ 2Ti⁴⁺ + 2Fe²⁺, 심도 -779 ML의 금홍석 2(Fe²⁺, Ba²⁺) + Al³⁺ + (W⁵⁺, Nb⁵⁺, Ta⁵⁺) ↔ 2Ti⁴⁺ + (V⁴⁺, Hf⁴⁺), Fe²⁺ + Al³⁺ + Hf⁴⁺ + (W⁵⁺, Nb⁵⁺, Ta⁵⁺) ↔ 2Ti⁴⁺ + V⁴⁺ + Ba²⁺로써 치환관계가 있었다. 이들 자료와 기 연구된 조산형 금 광상에서 산출되는 함 티타늄 광물들의 화학조성과 비교 검토 본 결과, 구봉 광상의 금홍석들은 다른 조산형 금 광상(운산 광상, Kori Kollo 광상, Big Bell 광상, Meguma 함 금 석영맥)들에서 산출되는 금홍석들보다 상대적으로 산화 환경에서 형성되었음을 알 수 있다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The Gubong Au-Ag deposit consists of eight lens-shaped quartz veins. These veins have filled fractures along fault zones within Precambrian metasedimentary rock. This has been one of the largest deposits in Korea, and is geologically a mix of orogenic-type and intrusion-related types. Korea Mining Promotion Corporation drilled into a quartz vein (referred to as the No. 6 vein) with a width of 0.9 m and a grade of 27.9 g/t Au at a depth of -728 ML by drilling (No. 90-12) in the southern site of the deposit, To further investigate the potential redevelopment of the No. 6 vein, another drilling (No. 04-1) was carried out in 2004. In 2004, samples (wallrock, wallrock alteration and quartz vein) were collected from the No. 04-1 drilling core site to study the occurrence and chemical composition of Ti-bearing minerals (ilmenite, rutile). Rutile from mineralized zone at a depth of -275 ML occur minerals including K-feldspar, biotite, quartz, calcite, chlorite, pyrite in wallrock alteration zone. Ilmenite and rutile from ore vein (No. 6 vein) at a depth of -779 ML occur minerals including white mica, chlorite, apatite, zircon, quartz, calcite, pyrrhotite, pyrite in wallrock alteration zone and quartz vein. Based on mineral assemblage, rutile was formed by hydrothermal alteration (chloritization) of Ti-rich biotite in the wallrock. Chemical composition of ilmenite has maximum values of 0.09 wt.% (HfO2), 0.39 wt.% (V2O3) and 0.54 wt.% (BaO). Comparing the chemical composition of rutile at a depth -275 ML and -779 ML, Rutile at a depth of -779 ML is higher contents (WO3, FeO and BaO) than rutile at a depth of -275 ML. The substitutions of rutile at a depth of -275 ML and -779 ML are as followed : rutile at a depth of -275 ML Ba2+ + Al3+ + Hf4+ + (Nb5+, Ta5+) ↔ 3Ti4+ + Fe2+, 2V4+ + (W5+, Ta5+, Nb5+) ↔ 2Ti4+ + Al3+ + (Fe2+, Ba2+), Al3+ + V4++ (Nb5+, Ta5+) ↔ 2Ti4+ + 2Fe2+, rutile at a depth of -779 ML 2 (Fe2+, Ba2+) + Al3+ + (W5+, Nb5+, Ta5+) ↔ 2Ti4+ + (V4+, Hf4+), Fe2+ + Al3+ + Hf 4+ + (W5+, Nb5+, Ta5+) ↔ 2Ti4+ + V4+ + Ba2+, respectively. Based on these data and chemical composition of rutiles from orogenic-type deposits, rutiles from Gubong deposit was formed in a relatively oxidizing environment than the rutile from orogenictype deposits (Unsan deposit, Kori Kollo deposit, Big Bell deposit, Meguma gold-bearing quartz vein).

주제어

표/그림 (9)

그림 Fig. 1. Generalized geological map of the Gubong Au-Ag deposit area, showing the orientation of the principal quartz veins (1 = Danbong vein, 2 = Yongma vein, 3 = Ganjuk vein, 4 = No. 6 vein, 5 = No. 1 vein, 6 = Bongam2 vein, 7 = Bongam1 vein, 8 = Gunryang vein) (Yoo et al., 2002; 2006).
그림 Fig. 2. Photographs of No. 04-1 drilling core samples from the Gubong Au-Ag deposit area. (a) telescopic wallrock and quartz vein of No. 04-1 drilling core, (b) closed-up wallrock and quartz vein of No. 04-1 drilling core, (c) rock slab (wallrock and quartz vein) found at a depth of -275 ML, (d) rock slab (wallrock and quartz vein) found at a depth of -593 ML, (e) Rock slab (wallrock and quartz vein) found at a depth of -642.5 ML, (f) rock slab (wallrock and quartz vein) found at a depth of -779 ML.
표 Table 1. The description of No. 04-1 drilling core at the Gubong Au-Ag deposit area
그림 Fig. 3. Microphotographs and BSEs of minerals representative for a depth of -275 ML, -593 ML, -642.5 ML and -779 ML samples (No. 04-1 drilling core) of the Gubong Au-Ag deposit area. (a) pyrite and quartz in quartz vein found at a depth of -275 ML and -593 ML, (b)-(d) pyrrhotite, pyrite, macasite, chalcopyrite and quartz in quartz vein found at a depth of -642.5 ML and -779 ML, (e)-(f) rutile coexisting with chlorite, white mica, K-feldspar, quartz and calcite in alteration zone found at a depth of -275 ML sample, (g)-(i) ilmenite and rutile coexisting with chlorite, white mica, apatite, zircon, quartz and calcite in alteration zone and quartz vein found at a depth of -779 ML sample. Abbreviations; Ap = apatite, Cal = calcite, Chl = chlorite, Cp = chalcopyrite, llm = ilmenite, Kfs = K-feldspar, Ma = macasite, Po = pyrrhotite, Py = pyrite, Qz = quartz, Rt = rutile, WM = white mica, Zrn = zircon. Yellow circles and numbers indicate quantitative analysis points.
표 Table 2. Chemical composition of Ti-bearing minerals from No. 04-1 drilling core samples at the Gubong Au-Ag deposit area.
그림 Fig. 4. Ti-100(Fe+Cr+V)-1000(W) diagram of rutiles from Gubong, Samgwang, Unsan, and variabley metamorphosed mesothermal gold deposits (after Clark and Williams-Jones, 2004; Meinhold, 2010; Yoo, 2020a). Also are shown the Tropicana Au deposit and Big Bell Au deposit (Mclnnes et al., 2015).
표 Table 3. Correlation coefficients among elements of rutile from a depth -275 ML (No. 04-1 drilling core) at the Gubong Au-Ag deposit area
그림 Fig. 5. Trivalent vs. pentavalent and hexavalent ions in rutiles from Gubong, Samgwang, Unsan, and variabley metamorphosed mesothermal gold deposits (after Scott and Radford, 2007).
표 Table 4. Correlation coefficients among elements of rutile found at a depth of -779 ML (No. 04-1 drilling core) at the Gubong Au-Ag deposit area.

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