[논문]가상 유역의 강수 규모 변화에 따른 단위유량도 첨두치의 거동 규명

유주환; 김주철

doi:10.3741/jkwra.2023.56.10.655

가상 유역의 강수 규모 변화에 따른 단위유량도 첨두치의 거동 규명
Identification of unit hydrograph peak behavior according to changes in precipitation scale in a virtual watershed 원문보기

Journal of Korea Water Resources Association = 한국수자원학회논문집, v.56 no.10, 2023년, pp.655 - 665

유주환 (유원대학교 드론응용학과) , 김주철 (충남대학교 국제수자원연구소)

초록
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본 연구에서는 일정한 경사와 조도를 갖는 가상 유역에서 10가지 규모의 강수가 순간적으로 발생할 때 단위유량도를 산출하였다. 그런 다음 강수 규모에 대하여 단위유량도 첨두유량의 관계와 첨두발생시간의 관계를 각각 산출하였다. 이때 강수 규모만이 유역의 단위유량도 첨두치에 주는 영향을 파악하기 위해서 자연 유역을 대신하여 마름모 형태, 일정 경사, 일정 조도의 유로 환경 상태 등으로 단순화한 가상 유역을 적용하였다. 그리고 유역에 내린 강수는 유효우량이고 유출은 직접유출이고 낙하지점에서 출구 방향으로 직선적인 등류로 유출된다고 가정하였다. 강수 규모를 10가지로 유효강수 10 mm, 40 mm, 90 mm, 160 mm, 250 mm, 360 mm, 640 mm, 1,000 mm, 1,210 mm, 1,690 mm의 경우로 하여 단위유량도의 첨두유량과 첨두발생시간을 각각의 관계를 산출하였다. 본 연구에서 주목할 만한 성과는 유역의 저류 효과가 없어도 강수 규모가 커질수록 유출 깊이가 커져서 유역의 유속이 빨라지고 단위 시간당 유하 거리도 커지므로 첨두유량은 커지고 첨두발생시간은 빨라진다는 것이었다. 이는 유역 유출의 비선형적 특성이다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

In this study, unit hydrographs are calculated when precipitations of 10 scales instantaneously occurs in a virtual watershed with a constant slope and roughness. Then, the relationship between the peak flow rate and the peak occurrence time of the unit hydrograph was calculated for the precipitation scale, respectively. At this time, the virtual watershed simplified with a rhombic shape, a constant slope, and a flow condition with a certain roughness was applied instead of a natural watershed in order to understand the effect the precipitation scale has on the peak value of the unit hydrograph. And it was assumed that the precipitation in the basin was effective rainfall and the runoff was direct runoff, and the runoff flowed in a straight, uniform flow from the drop point to the outlet. The relationship between the peak flow and the peak occurrence time of the unit hydrograph was calculated in the case of 10 types of precipitation scales of 10 mm, 40 mm, 90 mm, 160 mm, 250 mm, 360 mm, 640 mm, 1,000 mm, 1,210 mm, and 1,690 mm of effective precipitation. A noteworthy achievement of this study is that, even without the storage effect of the watershed, as the scale of precipitation increases, the depth of runoff increases, so the flow rate in the watershed increases and the distance per unit time increases, so the peak flow rate increases and the peak occurrence time increases. This is a nonlinear characteristic of watershed runoff.

주제어

표/그림 (31)

그림 Fig. 1. Process of this study
그림 Fig. 2. Schematic of watershed applied for effective precipitation (P_e) and direct runoff (Q) in x-y coordinates
그림 Fig. 3. Watershed with dotted isochrome lines and travel area (A_i) per hour in x-y coordinates in case of 10 mm precipitation
표 Table 1. Runoff velocity and travel distance per hour by precipitation
표 Table 2. Calculation of runoff and unit hydrograph of 10 mm precipitation
표 Table 4. Calculation of runoff and unit hydrograph of 90 mm precipitation
그림 Fig. 6. Same as Fig. 3 in case of 160 mm precipitation
표 Table 3. Calculation of runoff and unit hydrograph of 40 mm precipitation
표 Fig. 4. Same as Fig. 3 in case of 40 mm precipitation
표 Fig. 5. Same as Fig. 3 in case of 90 mm precipitation
표 Table 5. Calculation of runoff and unit hydrograph of 160 mm precipitation
그림 Fig. 7. Same as Fig. 3 in case of 250 mm precipitation
그림 Fig. 8. Same as Fig. 3 in case of 360 mm precipitation
그림 Fig. 9. Same as Fig. 3 in case of 640 mm precipitation
그림 Fig. 10. Same as Fig. 3 in case of 1,000 mm precipitation
표 Table 6. Calculation of runoff and unit hydrograph of 250 mm precipitation
표 Table 7. Calculation of runoff and unit hydrograph of 360 mm precipitation
표 Table 8. Calculation of runoff and unit hydrograph of 640 mm precipitation
표 Table 9. Calculation of runoff and unit hydrograph of 1,000 mm precipitation
그림 Fig. 11. Same as Fig. 3 in case of 1,210 mm precipitation
그림 Fig. 12. Same as Fig. 3 in case of 1,690 mm precipitation
표 Table 10. Calculation of runoff and unit hydrograph of 1,210 mm precipitation
표 Table 11. Calculation of runoff and unit hydrograph of 1,690 mm precipitation
그림 Fig. 13. Unit hydrographs calculated for 40 mm, 90 mm, 160 mm, 250 mm, 360 mm, 640 mm, 1,000 mm, 1,210 mm and 1,690 mm precipitation
그림 Fig. 14. Relationship between precipitation scale and peak flow of unit hydograph
그림 Fig. 15. Relationship between precipitation scale and time to peak of unit hydrograph
표 Table 12. Peak flow and time to peak of unit hydrograph by precipitation
그림 Fig. 16. Seolmacheon watershed, Paju, Kyeonggi, South Korea (Yoo, 2010; area size = 8.5 km², average slope is about 20%, and it's mostly forested)
그림 Fig. 17. Edwardsville watershed, Illinois, US (Minshall, 1960; area size = 0.110 km², two-thirds of area slope is less than 1%, and it's mostly cultivated and in legume hay)
표 Table 13. Comparison of the results of previous studies and this study
그림 Fig. 18. Relationship between Qm (Average Discharge) in mm/hr and T_L (Lag Time) in hour to compare this result with previous studies (Minshall, 1960; Yoo, 2010)

참고문헌 (22)

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상세보기
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