[논문]생체모사형 나노포어를 활용한 전기화학 기반 물질전달 조절 시스템

한순규; 방예린; 이준화; 권승용

doi:10.5229/jkes.2023.26.4.43

[국내논문] 생체모사형 나노포어를 활용한 전기화학 기반 물질전달 조절 시스템
Electrochemical Mass Transport Control in Biomimetic Solid-State Nanopores 원문보기

전기화학회지 = Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society, v.26 no.4, 2023년, pp.43 - 55

한순규 (경상국립대 화학과) , 방예린 (경상국립대 화학과) , 이준화 (경상국립대 화학과) , 권승용 (경상국립대 화학과)

초록
AI-Helper

나노포어와 같은 다공성 나노구조물은 물질전달 기초연구뿐만 아니라 수처리, 에너지 변환, 바이오센서 등 다양한 응용 가능성으로 현재 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 초기연구는 수백 나노미터 지름의 포어를 이용한 양/음전하 선택성 물질전달에 주로 집중되었고 현재는 수 나노미터 또는 그 이하의 나노포어를 통한 다기능성 물질전달 시스템이 보고되고 있다. 대표적으로 특정 표적물질(target)과 특이적 결합을 할 수 있는 수용체(receptor)를 포어 내벽에 고정하여 바이러스, 분자, 이온까지 다양한 크기와 성질을 가지는 물질을 선택적으로 수송, 검출할 수 있는 생체모사형 스마트 나노포어 구현 사례가 증가하고 있다. 이와 더불어 생체채널 메커니즘에 기인하여 소수성 나노포어에 전기장, 빛과 같은 외부 자극을 통해 물질전달을 on-off 밸브 형태로 흐름을 능동적으로 제어하는 나노포어도 최근 특히 주목을 받고 있다. 이번 총설에서는 나노포어의 크기(지름, 길이, 구조형태 등), 포어 내벽의 물리화학적 성질을 조절하여 특정 전하, 분자, 이온을 선택적으로 수송 및 제어할 수 있는 나노포어 기반 물질전달 조절 시스템에 관한 동향을 알아본다. 더불어 이를 기반으로 최근 보고된 응용 연구 사례도 함께 소개한다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Mass transport through nanoporous structures such as nanopores or nanochannels has fundamental electrochemical implications and many potential applications as well. These structures can be particularly useful for water treatment, energy conversion, biosensing, and controlled delivery of substances. Earlier research focused on creating nanopores with diameters ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers that can selectively transport cationic or anionic charged species. However, recent studies have shown that nanopores with diameters of a few nanometers or even less can achieve more complex and versatile transport control. For example, nanopores that mimic biological channels can be functionalized with specific receptors to detect viruses, small molecules, and even ions, or can be made hydrophobic and responsive to external stimuli, such as light and electric field, to act as efficient valves. This review summarizes the latest developments in nanopore-based systems that can control mass transport based on the size of the nanopores (e.g., length, diameter, and shape) and the physical/chemical properties of their inner surfaces. It also provides some examples of practical applications of these systems.

Keyword

표/그림 (4)

그림 Fig. 1. (a) Schematic illustration of nanopore electrode arrays (NEAs) composed of ring and disk gold electrodes spaced by a 100 nm silicon nitride layer. (b) A cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy image showing detailed nanopore structures. (c) Voltammograms of 1 mM Ru(NH₃)₆³⁺ on the NEAs in the presence and absence of 0.1 M KCl. Generator collector (GC) modes were obtained with the top and bottom gold working electrodes in the 4-electrode system with Ag/ AgCl reference and Pt counter electrode, and non-GC current was collected only with the bottom gold electrode while the top gold was left at open-circuit potential in the 3-electrode system. (d) Simulated (open) and experimental (solid) limiting currents collected in GC mode as a function of [Ru(NH₃)₆³⁺] with 0.1 M KCl (blue) or with no KCl (red). Reproduced with permission from ref [9].
그림 Fig. 2. (a) Schematic illustration showing the experimental design for measuring temperature-dependent ion current rectification through a conical nanopore. (b) Representative i-E curves obtained from 0.1 mM KCl at different temperatures ranging from 10 to 35 ºC. Reproduced with permission from ref [33]. (c) I-V curve for a nanopore modified with positively charged amines and negatively charged carboxyls. When an electric field is applied in the direction from the large pore (+) to the smaller pore (-), an increase in current is observed, i.e., forward bias. Reproduced with permission from ref [35]. (d) i-E responses for PNP nanofluidic transistor composed of single polyaniline layer (PANI) sandwiched between two polyethylene terephthalate (PET) pores. When the PANI layer becomes positively charged by applying a positive potential, e.g., +0.2 V, for oxidation, a sigmoidal curve is observed (left). On the other hand, a linear i- V curve is obtained when the PANI base is reduced at -0.2 V, showing no charge (right). Reproduced with permission from ref [38].
그림 Fig. 3. (a) Illustration of voltage-induced wetting in a hydrophobic nanopore. (b) Representative i-V curve showing voltage-gated reversible wetting and dewetting with 140 nm nanopores modified with SiH₁₆. Reproduced with permission from ref [43]. (c) Illustration of potential-induced wetting through a hydrophobic block copolymer membrane for electrolyte confinement in nanopores apart from the bulk solution (top from left to right). Voltammograms of 50 mM Fe(CN)₆^3/4- with no supporting electrolyte before potential-induced wetting, viz., empty nanopores (bottom left), and after introducing the electrolyte solution enabled by potential-induced wetting (bottom right) Reproduced with permission from ref [47].
그림 Fig. 4. (a) Sensing γ-D-glutamic acid (γDPGA) with a nanopore modified with monoclonal antibody. (b) When the binding events occur between the antibody and γDPGA, local surface charge patterns on the nanopore wall are altered, leading to a change in rectification ratio. Reproduced with permission from ref [49]. Voltametric responses of quinone produced by tyrosinase enzymatic reaction with 4-ehtyl phenol in (c) open nanopores and (d) closed nanopores covered with a hydrophobic block copolymer membrane. The inset voltametric responses (blue) were obtained in a 3-electrode configuration with the bottom gold working electrode, Ag/AgCl reference, and Pt counter electrode while the voltametric responses in red were obtained in a 4-electrode configuration by employing both bottom and top gold as working electrodes. Reproduced with permission from ref [48].

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