[논문]초석잠 뿌리 분획물의 항산화 및 항염증 효과와 smad 신호 전달에 미치는 효과

이정우; 최명원; 임선영

doi:10.5352/jls.2024.34.4.245

초석잠 뿌리 분획물의 항산화 및 항염증 효과와 smad 신호 전달에 미치는 효과
Effect of Fractions From Stachys sieboldii Miq. Root on Antioxidant, Anti-inflammation and Smad Signaling

생명과학회지 = Journal of life science, v.34 no.4, 2024년, pp.245 - 253

이정우 (한국해양대학교 해양과학융합학부) , 최명원 (한국해양대학교 해양과학융합학부) , 임선영 (한국해양대학교 해양과학융합학부)

초록
AI-Helper

본 연구는 초석잠 뿌리 분획물의 항산화 및 항염증 효과를 규명하고 transforming growth factor (TGF) β 자극에 의한 smad 신호전달에 미치는 효과에 대해 연구하였다. 초석잠 뿌리 분획물들 중 n-BuOH 분획물이 16.67 mg/g 으로 가장 높은 플라보노이드 함량을 나타내었으며, 다음으로 n-Hexane, water 및 85% aq. MeOH 분획물 순이었다. 초석잠 뿌리의 지방산 조성은 n-6 지방산(54.27%) > n-3 지방산(21.18%) > 포화지방산(19.70%) > n-9 지방산(3.60%) 순으로 나타났으며, 지방산들 중 n-6계 지방산인 linoleic acid (18:2n-6)가 54.27%로 나타내었고 n-3계 지방산인 linolenic acid (18:3n-3)는 20.82%의 함량을 나타내었다. DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 확인한 결과, 초석잠 뿌리 분획물들 중 n-BuOH 분획물은 0.5 mg/mL 의 농도에서 각각 85.4% 및 90.2%로 라디칼 소거능을 나타내었다. 85% aq. MeOH 분획물은 0.5 mg/mL 의 농도에서 각각 58.7% 및 90.8%로 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 보였다. 항염증 효능 중 NO 생성 저해 효과는 모든 분획물들이 0.5, 1 및 2 mg/mL의 농도에서 control 과 유의적 차이를 보이면서 NO 생성을 저해하였다(p<0.05). TGFβ signaling의 smad3 의 인산화 발현량을 확인한 결과 85% aq. MeOH 및 water 분획물들을 처리한 군에서 control과 비교했을 때 각각 88% 및 77% 수준으로 smad3의 인산화가 저해되는 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과들로부터 플라보노이드 함량이 높은 n-BuOH 분획물의 항산화 활성이 높았고 항염증 및 TGFβ signaling의 smad3 의 인산화 저해 활성은 85% aq. MeOH 및 water 분획물들에서 높은 활성이 나타났다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

We investigated to analyze total flavonoid content and fatty acid composition of Stachys sieboldii Miq root. In order to determine antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of fractions from S. sieboldii Miq. root, we conducted 1.1-Diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical cation (ABTS) assays for antioxidant and measured nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, we examined an inhibitory effect of fractions from S. sieboldii Miq. root on smad signaling induced by transforming growth factor (TGF) β. Among the fractions, n-butanol (n-BuOH) fraction showed the highest flavonoid content (16.67 mg/g), followed by n-Hexane, water and 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq. MeOH) fractions. The fatty acid composition of S. sieboldii Miq. root was in the following order : n-6 fatty acids (54.3%) > n-3 fatty acids (21.2%) > saturated fatty acids (19.7%) > n-9 fatty acids (3.6%). As a result of the antioxidant efficacy, the DPPH and ABTS assays showed that n-BuOH fraction had higher scavenging activity compared to other fractions. Inhibitory effect on NO production showed that all fractions decreased LPS-induced NO production, indicating an anti-inflammatory activity of S. sieboldii Miq. root. 85% aq. MeOH and water fractions showed a higher efficacy in inhibiting transforming growth factor (TGF) β induced smad signaling. From the results, it suggests that food processing products using S. sieboldii Miq. root will be developed as a functional food for promoting health.

주제어

표/그림 (6)

표 Table 1. Fatty acid composition (% area) of root of S. sieboldii Miq.
$Table 2. Contents of total flavonoid of fractions from root of S. sieboldii Miq.$ 표 Table 2. Contents of total flavonoid of fractions from root of S. sieboldii Miq.
$Fig. 1. DPPH radical scavenging effect of fractions from S. sieboldii Miq. root. 1)Values are expressed as mean ± SD and a-fMeans with the different letters are significantly different at p<0.05 by Tukey's multiple range test. 2)n-Hexane, n-hexane fraction; 85% aq. MeOH, 85% aqueous methanol fraction; n-BuOH, n-butanol fraction; Water, water fraction.$ 그림 Fig. 1. DPPH radical scavenging effect of fractions from S. sieboldii Miq. root. ¹⁾Values are expressed as mean ± SD and ^a-fMeans with the different letters are significantly different at p<0.05 by Tukey's multiple range test. ²⁾n-Hexane, n-hexane fraction; 85% aq. MeOH, 85% aqueous methanol fraction; n-BuOH, n-butanol fraction; Water, water fraction.
$Fig. 2. ABTS radical scavenging effect of fractions from S. sieboldii Miq. root. 1)Values are expressed as mean ± SD and a-eMeans with the different letters are significantly different at p<0.05 by Tukey's multiple range test. 2)n-Hexane; n-hexane fraction, 85% aq. MeOH; 85% aqueous methanol fraction; n-BuOH; n-butanol fraction; Water; water fraction.$ 그림 Fig. 2. ABTS radical scavenging effect of fractions from S. sieboldii Miq. root. ¹⁾Values are expressed as mean ± SD and ^a-eMeans with the different letters are significantly different at p<0.05 by Tukey's multiple range test. ²⁾n-Hexane; n-hexane fraction, 85% aq. MeOH; 85% aqueous methanol fraction; n-BuOH; n-butanol fraction; Water; water fraction.
$Fig. 3. Effect of solvent fractions from S. sieboldii Miq. on production of nitric oxide (NO) in Raw 264.7 cells. a-dDifferent superscripts indicated significant differences at p<0.05. A, n-Hexane fraction with n-Hexane; B, 85% aq. MeOH fraction; C, n-BuOH fraction; D, Water fraction.$ 그림 Fig. 3. Effect of solvent fractions from S. sieboldii Miq. on production of nitric oxide (NO) in Raw 264.7 cells. ^a-dDifferent superscripts indicated significant differences at p<0.05. A, n-Hexane fraction with n-Hexane; B, 85% aq. MeOH fraction; C, n-BuOH fraction; D, Water fraction.
$Fig. 4. Inhibitory effect of solvent fractions from S. sieboldii Miq. on smad3 phosphorylation. A, Western blot analysis in whole cell lysates HT-1080 cells. B, Quantification of pSmad3/Smad2,3 protein levels in using the ImageJ software is presented.$ 그림 Fig. 4. Inhibitory effect of solvent fractions from S. sieboldii Miq. on smad3 phosphorylation. A, Western blot analysis in whole cell lysates HT-1080 cells. B, Quantification of pSmad3/Smad2,3 protein levels in using the ImageJ software is presented.

AI 본문요약
AI-Helper

대상 데이터

실험에 사용된 초석잠은 미산약초농장(경상북도 대구광역시)로부터 구입하여 동결건조기를 이용하여 -70℃에서 20 Pa의 압력으로 3일간 건조시켰다. 건조된 시료는 분말화하여 실험 사용 전까지 -75℃ deep freezer (NF-400SF, NIHON FREEZER, Tokyo, Japan)에 냉동 보관하였다.

데이터처리

분석된 실험 데이터는 대조군과 각 시료로부터 얻은실험 자료로부터 one-way ANOVA를 실시하여 p<0.05 수준에서 유의성을 검증하였고 사후검증은 Tukey’s test를 실시하여 각 군들 간의 유의성은 알파벳으로 표시하였다(SAS program v.9.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).

참고문헌 (42)

Al Hinai, H. S., Hooper, S., Potter, S., Al Alawi, S. A.,？Al Shuhoumi, M., and Anna, D. 2023. Anti-inflammatory？effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in THP-1 macrophages: promising in-vitro insights. Inter J. Clin. Biochem.？Res. 10, 232-241.
Benedec, D., Oniga, H., Hanganu, D., Tiperciuc, B., Nistor,？A., Vlase, A. M., Vlase L., Puscas, C., Duma, M., Login,？C. C., Niculae, M. and Silaghi-Dumitrescu, R. 2023.？Stachys species: Comparative evaluation of phenolic profile and antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. Antibiotics？2023, doi:10.3390/antibiotics2019.12111644.
Bogdan, C. 2001. Nitric oxide and the immune response.？Nat. Immunol. 2, 9070916.

상세보기
Bouvard, V., Loomis, D., Guyton, K. Z., Grosse, Y., El？Ghissassi, F., Benbrahim-Tallaa, L. and Straif, K. 2015.？Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat.？Lancet Oncology, 16, 1599-1600.

상세보기
Calder, P. C. 2012. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids？and inflammatory processes: nutririon or pharmacology?？Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 75, 645-662.
Chae, S. K., Kang, G. S., Ma, S. J., Bang, K. W., Oh,？M. W. and Oh, S. H. 2002. Standard food analysis. Paju:？Jigu-Moonwha Sa, Korea. pp 381-382
Chen, W., Chen, H., Zhu, D., Luo, J., Ying, S., Deng, Y.？and Yang, X. 2023. The clinical application value of compound Stachys sieboldii Miq granules to stable COPD？patients. Minerva Med. 114, 152-161.
Chen, X. and Xu, L. 2011. Mechanism and regulation of？nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of smad. Cell Biosci. 1, 1-8.
Choi, I. Y., Song, Y. J. and Lee, W. H. 2010. DPPH radical？scavenging effect and antimicrobial activities of some herbal extracts. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 28, 871-876.
Choi, S. H. and Hwang, E. S. 2018. Quality characteristics？and antioxidant activity of chocolate containing Chinese？artichoke (Stachys sieboldii Miq.) powder. J. Kor. Soc.？Food Sci. Nutr. 47, 39-45.
Folch, J., Lees, M. and Sloane Stanley, G. H. 1957. A？simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 226, 497-509.
Ganguly, R. and Pierce, G. N. 2015. The toxicity of dietary？trans fats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 78, 170-176.

상세보기
Hwang, S. J. 2020. Antioxidant activities and quality characteristics of porridge with Chinese artichoke (Stachys sieboldii Miq.) Powder. Culinary Sci. Hospitality Res. 26, 240-250.
Jang Y. A., Kim, H. N. and Kim, B. A. 2019. Effect of？red ginseng extract on the inflammatory response of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell. J. Kor. Applied Sci. Technol.？36, 1434-1442.
Jegal, J. M. and Jung, J, H. 2023. Quality characteristics？and antioxidant activities of Chinese artichoke powder prepared by different drying method. Culinary Sci. Hospitality Res. 29, 39-47.
Jeon, K. S. and Park, S. I. 2015. Antioxidative properties？of Chinese artichoke (Stachys sieboldii Miq.) added white？bread. Kor. J. Culinary Res. 6, 120-132.
Jung, J. Y., Min, B. G., Park, C. A., Byun, S. H., Cho,？I. J. and Kim, S. C. 2018. Epimedium koreanum Nakai？water extract regulates hepatic stellate cells activation？through inhibition of Smad signaling pathway. Herbal？Formula Sci. 26, 183-193.
Kang, J. R., Kang, M. J., Shin, J. H., Park, J. H., Kim,？D. I., Chung, S. Y. and Shin, J. H. 2017. Antioxidant and？antidiabetic activities of various extracts from Stachys sieboldii Miq. Kor. Soc. Food Preserv. 24, 615-622.
Kielkopf, C. L., Bauer, W. and Urbatsch, I. L. 2020. Bradford assay for determining protein concentration. Cold？Spring Harb Protoc. 2020, doi:10.1101/pdb.prot102269.

상세보기
Kim, B. H. and Lee, J. J. 2019. Quality characteristics？and antioxidant activity of Stachys sieboldii Miq. leaf？cookies. Kor. J. Community Living Sci, 30, 581-594.
Kim, T. Y. 2013. Effect of Gagam-Danguieumja through？regulation of MAPK on LPS-induced inflammation in？RAW 264.7 cells. Kor. J. Orient. Int. Med. 34, 339-348.
Kim, Y. S., Young, M. R., Bobe, G., Colburn, N. H. and？Milner, J. A. 2009. Bioactive food components, inflammatory targets, and cancer prevention. Cancer Prevention Res.？2, 200-208.
Ko, J., Oh, I. J., Kang, J. I., Choi, Y. K., Yoon, H. S.,？Yoo, E. S., Ko, C. I. and Ahn, Y. S. 2019. Effect and？mechanism of docosahexaenoic acid on the proliferation？of dermal papilla cells. J. Med. Life Sci. 16, 84-89.
Lee, J. E., Jin, S. Y. and Han, Y. S. 2014. Antioxidant activities and quality characteristics of tufu supplemented with？Chinese artichoke powder. Kor. J. Food Nutr. 27, 10-21.
Lee, J. H. 2021. Antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of Stachys sieboldii extract. Kor. J.？Plant Resources 34, 420-432.
Lee, J. W. and Lim, S. Y. 2018. Comparison of flavonoid？content and antioxidant effect of extracts from Stachys sieboldii Miq. and Lycopus lucidus Turcz. J. Life Sci. 28, 841-848.
Lee, Y. S., Jeong. S. O. and Pae. H. O. 2022. Effect of？the extract of Stachys Affinis on DNFB-induced allergic？contact dermatitis in Mice. J. Physiol. Pathol. Kor. Med.？36, 23-27.
Li, M. O. and Flavell, R. A. 2008. Contextual regulation？of inflammation: a duet by transforming growth factor-β？and interleukin-10. Immunity, 28, 468-476.
Maleki, S. J., Crespo, J. F. and Cabanillas, B. 2019. Anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids. Food Chem. 299, doi:？10.16/j.foodchem.2019.125124.

상세보기
Massague, J., Seoane, J. and Wotton, D. 2005. Smad transcription factors. Genes Develop. 19, 2783-2810.
Moodie, R., Stuckler, D., Monteiro, C., Sheron, N., Neal,？B., Thamarangsi, T. and Casswell, S. 2013. Profits and？pandemics: prevention of harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and drink industries. The？lancet 381, 670-679.
Morrison, W. R. and Smith, L. M. 1964. Preparation of？fatty acid methyl esters and dimethylacetals from lipids？with boron fluoride-methanol. J. Lipid Res. 5, 600-608.

상세보기
Na, E., Lee, J. W. and Lim, S. Y. 2020. Comparison of？antioxidant, cytotoxicity and flavonoid content of Stachys？sieboldii Miq. vs. Lycopus lucidus Turcz. leaf extracts.J.？Life Sci. 30, 147-155.
Oh, H. K. 2018. Antioxidant and Neuronal cell protective？effects of Stachys sieboldii Miq. according to drying methods. J. Kor. Applied Sci. Technol. 35, 1320-1326.
Poyton, R. O., Ball, K. A. and Castello, P. R. 2009.？Mitochondrial generation of free radicals and hypoxic？signaling. Trends in Endocrinol. Meta. 20, 332-340.
Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang,？M. and Rice-Evans, C. 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay.？Free Radic. Biol. Med. 26, 1231-1237.

상세보기
Salem Jr, N., Wegher, B., Mena, P. and Uauy, R. 1996.？Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids are biosynthesized？from their 18-carbon precursors in human infants. Proceedings Nat. Academy Sci. 93, 49-54.
Schon, H. T. and Weiskirchen, R. 2014. Immunomodulatory？effects of transforming growth factor-β in the liver. Hepatobiliary Surgery Nutr. 3, 386.
Smith, W. L. 1992. Prostanoid biosynthesis and mechanisms of action. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 263, F181-F191.
Tang, J., Diao, P., Shu, X., Li, L. and Xiong, L. 2019.？Quercetin and quercitrin attenuates the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in LPS-induced RAW 264.7？cells: In vitro assessment and a theoretical model. Biomed？Res. Inter. 2019, doi:10.1155/2019/7039802.

상세보기
Xagorari, A., Papapetropoulos, A., Maruromatis, A., Economou, M., Fotisis and Roussos, C. 2001. Luteolin inhibits an endotoxin-stimulated phosphorylation cascade and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. Inflammation Immunopharmacol. 296, 181-187.
Xu, J., Feng, Z. P., Peng, H. Y. and Fu, P. 2021. Omega-3？polyunsaturated fatty acids alleviate adenine-induced？chronic renal failure via regulating ROS production and？TGF-β/SMAD pathway. Euro. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci.？doi:10.26355/eurrev_202111_27221.

저자의 다른 논문 :

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증