[논문]CAR race to cancer immunotherapy: from CAR T, CAR NK to CAR macrophage therapy

Pan, Kevin; Farrukh, Hizra; Chittepu, Veera Chandra Sekhar Reddy; Xu, Huihong; Pan, Chong-xian; Zhu, Zheng

doi:10.1186/s13046-022-02327-z

CAR race to cancer immunotherapy: from CAR T, CAR NK to CAR macrophage therapy 원문보기

Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research, v.41, 2022년, pp.119 -

Pan, Kevin (Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN 37235 USA) , Farrukh, Hizra (Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA) , Chittepu, Veera Chandra Sekhar Reddy (Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA) , Xu, Huihong (Boston University, Boston, MA USA) , Pan, Chong-xian (Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA) , Zhu, Zheng (Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapy has made tremendous progress with five CAR T therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for hematological malignancies. However, CAR immunotherapy in solid tumors lags significantly behind. Some of the major hurdles for CAR immunotherapy in solid tumors include CAR T cell manufacturing, lack of tumor-specific antigens, inefficient CAR T cell trafficking and infiltration into tumor sites, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), therapy-associated toxicity, and antigen escape. CAR Natural Killer (NK) cells have several advantages over CAR T cells as the NK cells can be manufactured from pre-existing cell lines or allogeneic NK cells with unmatched major histocompatibility complex (MHC); can kill cancer cells through both CAR-dependent and CAR-independent pathways; and have less toxicity, especially cytokine-release syndrome and neurotoxicity. At least one clinical trial showed the efficacy and tolerability of CAR NK cell therapy. Macrophages can efficiently infiltrate into tumors, are major immune regulators and abundantly present in TME. The immunosuppressive M2 macrophages are at least as efficient as the proinflammatory M1 macrophages in phagocytosis of target cells; and M2 macrophages can be induced to differentiate to the M1 phenotype. Consequently, there is significant interest in developing CAR macrophages for cancer immunotherapy to overcome some major hurdles associated with CAR T/NK therapy, especially in solid tumors. Nevertheless, both CAR NK and CAR macrophages have their own limitations. This comprehensive review article will discuss the current status and the major hurdles associated with CAR T and CAR NK therapy, followed by the structure and cutting-edge research of developing CAR macrophages as cancer-specific phagocytes, antigen presenters, immunostimulators, and TME modifiers.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02327-z.

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표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

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용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

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CAR race to cancer immunotherapy: from CAR T, CAR NK to CAR macrophage therapy 원문보기

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