$\require{mediawiki-texvc}$

연합인증

연합인증 가입 기관의 연구자들은 소속기관의 인증정보(ID와 암호)를 이용해 다른 대학, 연구기관, 서비스 공급자의 다양한 온라인 자원과 연구 데이터를 이용할 수 있습니다.

이는 여행자가 자국에서 발행 받은 여권으로 세계 각국을 자유롭게 여행할 수 있는 것과 같습니다.

연합인증으로 이용이 가능한 서비스는 NTIS, DataON, Edison, Kafe, Webinar 등이 있습니다.

한번의 인증절차만으로 연합인증 가입 서비스에 추가 로그인 없이 이용이 가능합니다.

다만, 연합인증을 위해서는 최초 1회만 인증 절차가 필요합니다. (회원이 아닐 경우 회원 가입이 필요합니다.)

연합인증 절차는 다음과 같습니다.

최초이용시에는
ScienceON에 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 로그인 (본인 확인 또는 회원가입) → 서비스 이용

그 이후에는
ScienceON 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 서비스 이용

연합인증을 활용하시면 KISTI가 제공하는 다양한 서비스를 편리하게 이용하실 수 있습니다.

Effects of Cognitive Demand Levels for Various Horticultural Activities on Psychophysiological Responses in Adults 원문보기

HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science, v.58 no.11, 2023년, pp.1450 - 1458  

Kim, Yun-Jin (Department of Bio and Healing Convergence, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea) ,  Park, Sin-Ae (Department of Bio and Healing Convergence, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea, and Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

We compared the effects of horticultural activities according to cognitive demand levels on psychophysiological responses in adults. Thirty-two adults in their 20s were included. Participants performed 10 horticultural activities (raking, planting transplants, fertilizing, tying plants to stakes, ha...

참고문헌 (62)

  1. Antonenko P 2010 Using electroencephalography to measure cognitive load Educ Psychol Rev 22 425 Antonenko P, Paas F, Grabner R, Van Gog T. 2010. Using electroencephalography to measure cognitive load. Educ Psychol Rev. 22:425-438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9130-y. 

  2. Backs RW 1992 Eye movement and pupillary response indices of mental workload during visual search of symbolic displays Appl Ergon 23 4 243 Backs RW, Walrath LC. 1992. Eye movement and pupillary response indices of mental workload during visual search of symbolic displays. Appl Ergon. 23(4):243-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(92)90152-L. 

  3. Chandler P 1991 Cognitive load theory and the format of instruction Cogn Instr 8 293 Chandler P, Sweller J. 1991. Cognitive load theory and the format of instruction. Cogn Instr. 8:293-332. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532690xci0804_2. 

  4. Chayer C 2001 Frontal lobe functions Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 1 547 Chayer C, Freedman M. 2001. Frontal lobe functions. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 1:547-552. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-001-0060-4. 

  5. Chen HM 2013 Understanding biophilia leisure as facilitating well-being and the environment: An examination of participants’ attitudes toward horticultural activity Leis Sci 35 301 Chen HM, Tu HM, Ho CI. 2013. Understanding biophilia leisure as facilitating well-being and the environment: An examination of participants’ attitudes toward horticultural activity. Leis Sci. 35:301-319. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2013.797323. 

  6. Chiesura A 2004 The role of urban parks for the sustainable city Landsc Urban Plan 68 129 Chiesura A. 2004. The role of urban parks for the sustainable city. Landsc Urban Plan. 68:129-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.003. 

  7. Faller J 2019 Regulation of arousal via online neurofeedback improves human performance in a demanding sensory-motor task Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 116 6482 Faller J, Cummings J, Saproo S, Sajda P. 2019. Regulation of arousal via online neurofeedback improves human performance in a demanding sensory-motor task. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 116:6482-6490. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817207116. 

  8. Fries P 2015 Rhythms for cognition: Communication through coherence Neuron 88 220 Fries P. 2015. Rhythms for cognition: Communication through coherence. Neuron. 88:220-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.034. 

  9. Fuentes-Garcia JP 2019 Psychophysiological stress response of adolescent chess players during problem-solving tasks Physiol Behav 209 112609 Fuentes-Garcia JP, Pereira T, Castro MA, Carvalho Santos A, Villafaina S. 2019. Psychophysiological stress response of adolescent chess players during problem-solving tasks. Physiol Behav. 209:112609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112609. 

  10. Gale A 1983 Gale A, Edwards J. 1983. The EEG and human behavior. Physiological correlates of human behavior, p 99-127. 

  11. García-Monge A 2020 Brain activity during different throwing games: EEG exploratory study Int J Environ Res Public Health 17 6796 García-Monge A, Rodríguez-Navarro H, González-Calvo G, Bores-García D. 2020. Brain activity during different throwing games: EEG exploratory study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 17:6796. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186796. 

  12. Gidlow CJ 2016 Where to put your best foot forward: Psycho-physiological responses to walking in natural and urban environments J Environ Psychol 45 22 Gidlow CJ, Jones MV, Hurst G, Masterson D, Clark-Carter D, Tarvainen MP, Smith G, Nieuwenhuijsen M. 2016. Where to put your best foot forward: Psycho-physiological responses to walking in natural and urban environments. J Environ Psychol. 45:22-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.11.003. 

  13. Heckman MA 2010 Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) in foods: A comprehensive review on consumption, functionality, safety, and regulatory matters J Food Sci 75 R77 Heckman MA, Weil J, de Mejia EG. 2010. Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) in foods: A comprehensive review on consumption, functionality, safety, and regulatory matters. J Food Sci. 75:R77-R87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01561.x. 

  14. Herrmann CS 2004 Cognitive functions of gamma-band activity: Memory match and utilization Trends Cogn Sci 8 8 347 Herrmann CS, Munk MH, Engel AK. 2004. Cognitive functions of gamma-band activity: Memory match and utilization. Trends Cogn Sci. 8(8):347-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.06.006. 

  15. Hung SH 2021 Health benefits of evidence-based biophilic-designed environments: A review J People Plants Environ 24 1 Hung SH, Chang CY. 2021. Health benefits of evidence-based biophilic-designed environments: A review. J People Plants Environ. 24:1-16. https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2021.24.1.1. 

  16. Ives CD 2018 Reconnecting with nature for sustainability Sustain Sci 13 1389 Ives CD, Abson DJ, Wehrden HV, Dorninger C, Klaniecki K, Fischer J. 2018. Reconnecting with nature for sustainability. Sustain Sci. 13:1389-1397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-018-0542-9. 

  17. Jasper HH 1958 The ten-twenty electrode system of the International Federation Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 10 371 Jasper HH. 1958. The ten-twenty electrode system of the International Federation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 10:371-375. 

  18. Kabisch N 2021 Physiological and psychological effects of visits to different urban green and street environments in older people: A field experiment in a dense inner-city area Landsc Urban Plan 207 103998 Kabisch N, Püffel C, Masztalerz O, Hemmerling J, Kraemer R. 2021. Physiological and psychological effects of visits to different urban green and street environments in older people: A field experiment in a dense inner-city area. Landsc Urban Plan. 207:103998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103998. 

  19. Kang KJ 2021 Effects of horticultural therapy on Korean elderly with dementia: A meta-analysis J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 30 4 352 Kang KJ, Kang MJ. 2021. Effects of horticultural therapy on Korean elderly with dementia: A meta-analysis. J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 30(4):352-368. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2021.30.4.352. 

  20. Kaplan S 1995 The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework J Environ Psychol 15 169 Kaplan S. 1995. The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework. J Environ Psychol. 15:169-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-4944(95)90001-2. 

  21. Kaplan S 2010 Directed attention as a common resource for executive functioning and self-regulation Perspect Psychol Sci 5 43 Kaplan S, Berman MG. 2010. Directed attention as a common resource for executive functioning and self-regulation. Perspect Psychol Sci. 5:43-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691609356784. 

  22. Karakaş S 2020 A review of theta oscillation and its functional correlates Int J Psychophysiol 157 82 Karakaş S. 2020. A review of theta oscillation and its functional correlates. Int J Psychophysiol. 157:82-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.008. 

  23. Kim SO 2021 Comparing concentration levels and emotional states of children using electroencephalography during horticultural and nonhorticultural activities HortScience 56 3 324 Kim SO, Jeong JE, Oh YA, Kim HR, Park SA. 2021. Comparing concentration levels and emotional states of children using electroencephalography during horticultural and nonhorticultural activities. HortScience. 56(3):324-329. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15522-20. 

  24. Kim SO 2022 Psychophysiological responses of adults according to cognitive demand levels for horticultural activities Sustainability 14 14 8252 Kim SO, Kim YJ, Park SA. 2022. Psychophysiological responses of adults according to cognitive demand levels for horticultural activities. Sustainability. 14(14):8252. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148252. 

  25. Kim SO 2020 Foliage plants improve concentration and emotional condition of elementary school students performing an intensive assignment HortScience 55 378 Kim SO, Oh YA, Park SA. 2020. Foliage plants improve concentration and emotional condition of elementary school students performing an intensive assignment. HortScience. 55:378-385. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14757-19. 

  26. Klem GH 1999 The ten-twenty electrode system of the international federation. The international federation of clinical neurophysiology Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 52 3 Klem GH. 1999. The ten-twenty electrode system of the international federation. The international federation of clinical neurophysiology. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl. 52:3-6. https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1574231874767178624. 

  27. Klink K 2020 The modulation of cognitive performance with transcranial alternating current stimulation: A systematic review of frequency-specific effects Brain Sci 10 932 Klink K, Paßmann S, Kasten FH, Peter J. 2020. The modulation of cognitive performance with transcranial alternating current stimulation: A systematic review of frequency-specific effects. Brain Sci. 10:932. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10120932. 

  28. Lee AY 2021 Attention and emotional states during horticultural activities of adults in 20s using electroencephalography: A pilot study Sustainability 13 12968 Lee AY, Kim SO, Park SA. 2021. Attention and emotional states during horticultural activities of adults in 20s using electroencephalography: A pilot study. Sustainability. 13:12968. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132312968. 

  29. Lee AY 2016 Kinematic and kinetic analysis of upper limb motions during horticultural activities Hortic Sci Technol 34 6 940 Lee AY, Park SA, Kim JJ, So JM, Son KC. 2016. Kinematic and kinetic analysis of upper limb motions during horticultural activities. Hortic Sci Technol. 34(6):940-958. https://doi.org/10.12972/kjhst.20160097. 

  30. Lee AY 2018 Kinematic and kinetic analysis of horticultural activities for postural control and balance training HortScience 53 10 1541 Lee AY, Park SA, Moon YJ, Son KC. 2018. Kinematic and kinetic analysis of horticultural activities for postural control and balance training. HortScience. 53(10):1541-1552. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI13361-1. 

  31. Lina EI 2020 Applications of EEG indices for the quantification of human cognitive performance: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis PLoS One 15 e0242857 Lina EI, Karwowski W. 2020. Applications of EEG indices for the quantification of human cognitive performance: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis. PLoS One. 15:e0242857. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242857. 

  32. Maddirala AK 2021 Eye-blink artifact removal from single channel EEG with k-means and SSA Sci Rep 11 11043 Maddirala AK, Veluvolu KC. 2021. Eye-blink artifact removal from single channel EEG with k-means and SSA. Sci Rep. 11:11043. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90437-7. 

  33. Mazher M 2017 An EEG-based cognitive load assessment in multimedia learning using feature extraction and partial directed coherence IEEE Access 5 14819 Mazher M, Aziz AA, Malik AS, Amin HU. 2017. An EEG-based cognitive load assessment in multimedia learning using feature extraction and partial directed coherence. IEEE Access. 5:14819-14829. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2731784. 

  34. Neuper C 2001 Event-related dynamics of cortical rhythms: Frequency-specific features and functional correlates Int J Psychophysiol 43 41 Neuper C, Pfurtscheller G. 2001. Event-related dynamics of cortical rhythms: Frequency-specific features and functional correlates. Int J Psychophysiol. 43:41-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8760(01)00178-7. 

  35. Niedermeyer E 2005 Niedermeyer E, da Silva FL (eds). 2005. Electroencephalography: Basic principles, clinical applications, and related fields (5th ed). Raven Press, New York, NY, USA. 

  36. Oh YA 2019 Real foliage plants as visual stimuli to improve concentration and attention in elementary students Int J Environ Res Public Health 16 5 796 Oh YA, Kim SO, Park SA. 2019. Real foliage plants as visual stimuli to improve concentration and attention in elementary students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 16(5):796. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050796. 

  37. Ohly H 2016 Attention restoration theory: A systematic review of the attention restoration potential of exposure to natural environments J Toxicol Environ Health B 19 305 Ohly H, White MP, Wheeler BW, Bethel A, Ukoumunne OC, Nikolaou V, Garside R. 2016. Attention restoration theory: A systematic review of the attention restoration potential of exposure to natural environments. J Toxicol Environ Health B. 19:305-343. https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2016.1196155. 

  38. Osgood CE 1957 Osgood CE, Suci GJ, Tannenbaum P. 1957. The measurement of meaning. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL, USA. 

  39. Paas F 2003 Cognitive load measurement as a means to advance cognitive load theory Educ Psychol 38 63 Paas F, Tuovinen JE, Tabbers H, van Gerven PWM. 2003. Cognitive load measurement as a means to advance cognitive load theory. Educ Psychol. 38:63-71. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3801_8. 

  40. Park BW 2005 Park BW. Introduction to neurofeedback. 2005. Korea Mental Health Institute, Seoul, Korea. 

  41. Park KJ 2014 Assessing methods of heart rate variability Korean J Clin Neurophysiol 16 49 Park KJ, Jeong H. 2014. Assessing methods of heart rate variability. Korean J Clin Neurophysiol. 16:49-54. https://doi.org/10.14253/kjcn.2014.16.2.49. 

  42. Park SA 2016 Horticultural activity interventions and outcomes Hortic Sci Technol 34 513 Park SA, Lee AY, Lee GJ, Kim DS, Kim WS, Shoemaker CA, Son KC. 2016. Horticultural activity interventions and outcomes. Hortic Sci Technol. 34:513-527. https://doi.org/10.12972/kjhst.20160053. 

  43. Park SA 2014 Gardening tasks performed by adults are moderate- to high-intensity physical activities HortTechnology 24 1 58 Park SA, Lee AY, Lee KS, Son KC. 2014. Gardening tasks performed by adults are moderate- to high-intensity physical activities. HortTechnology. 24(1):58-63. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.24.1.58. 

  44. Park SA 2017 Gardening intervention as a low- to moderate-intensity physical activity for improving blood lipid profiles, blood pressure, inflammation, and oxidative stress in women over the age of 70: A pilot study HortScience 52 200 Park SA, Lee AY, Park HG, Son KC, Kim DS, Lee WR. 2017. Gardening intervention as a low- to moderate-intensity physical activity for improving blood lipid profiles, blood pressure, inflammation, and oxidative stress in women over the age of 70: A pilot study. HortScience. 52:200-205. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI11232-16. 

  45. Park SA 2013 The metabolic costs of gardening tasks in children HortTechnology 23 5 589 Park SA, Lee HS, Lee KS, Son KC, Shoemaker CA, 2013. The metabolic costs of gardening tasks in children. HortTechnology. 23(5):589-594. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.23.5.589. 

  46. Park SA 2011 Determining exercise intensities of gardening tasks as a physical activity using metabolic equivalents in older adults HortScience 46 12 1706 Park SA, Lee KS, Son KC. 2011. Determining exercise intensities of gardening tasks as a physical activity using metabolic equivalents in older adults. HortScience. 46(12):1706-1710. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.46.12.1706. 

  47. Park SA 2020 Metabolite profiling revealed that a gardening activity program improves cognitive ability correlated with BDNF levels and serotonin metabolism in the elderly Int J Environ Res Public Health 17 541 Park SA, Son SY, Lee AY, Park HG, Lee WL, Lee CH. 2020. Metabolite profiling revealed that a gardening activity program improves cognitive ability correlated with BDNF levels and serotonin metabolism in the elderly. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 17:541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020541. 

  48. Pham T 2021 Heart rate variability in psychology: A review of HRV indices and an analysis tutorial Sensors (Basel) 21 3998 Pham T, Lau ZJ, Chen SHA, Makowski D. 2021. Heart rate variability in psychology: A review of HRV indices and an analysis tutorial. Sensors (Basel). 21:3998. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21123998. 

  49. Pope RA 2019 Frontal lobe dysfunction as a predictor of depression and anxiety following temporal lobe epilepsy surgery Epilepsy Res 152 59 Pope RA, Thompson PJ, Rantell K, Stretton J, Wright MA, Foong J. 2019. Frontal lobe dysfunction as a predictor of depression and anxiety following temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. Epilepsy Res. 152:59-66. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25375-z. 

  50. Rebsamen B 2011 Evaluation of cognitive workload from EEG during a mental arithmetic task Proc Human Factor Ergonom Society Annual Mtg 55 1 1342 Rebsamen B, Kwok K, Penney TB. 2011. Evaluation of cognitive workload from EEG during a mental arithmetic task. Proc Human Factor Ergonom Society Annual Mtg. 55(1):1342-1345. https://doi.org/10.1177/1071181311551279. 

  51. Shaffer F 2017 An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms Front Public Health 258 Shaffer F, Ginsberg JP. 2017. An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms. Front Public Health. 258. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00258. 

  52. Siddiqui SV 2008 Neuropsychology of prefrontal cortex Indian J Psychiatry 50 202 Siddiqui SV, Chatterjee U, Kumar D, Siddiqui A, Goyal N. 2008. Neuropsychology of prefrontal cortex. Indian J Psychiatry. 50:202-208. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.43634. 

  53. Sowndhararajan K 2015 Effect of olfactory stimulation of isomeric aroma compounds, (+)-limonene and terpinolene on human electroencephalographic activity Eur J Integr Med 7 561 Sowndhararajan K, Cho H, Yu B, Kim S. 2015. Effect of olfactory stimulation of isomeric aroma compounds, (+)-limonene and terpinolene on human electroencephalographic activity. Eur J Integr Med. 7:561-566. https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm84040724. 

  54. Staufenbiel SM 2014 Effect of beta and gamma neurofeedback on memory and intelligence in the elderly Biol Psychol 95 74 Staufenbiel SM, Brouwer AM, Keizer AW, van Wouwe NC. 2014. Effect of beta and gamma neurofeedback on memory and intelligence in the elderly. Biol Psychol. 95:74-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.05.020. 

  55. Stevens R 2016 Healthcare teams neurodynamically reorganize when resolving uncertainty Entropy (Basel) 18 427 Stevens R, Galloway T, Halpin D, Willemsen-Dunlap A. 2016. Healthcare teams neurodynamically reorganize when resolving uncertainty. Entropy (Basel). 18:427. https://doi.org/10.3390/e18120427. 

  56. Stilgoe JR 2001 Gone barefoot lately? Am J Prev Med 20 243 Stilgoe JR. 2001. Gone barefoot lately? Am J Prev Med. 20:243-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00319-6. 

  57. Sweller J 1994 Cognitive load theory, learning difficulty, and instructional design Learn Instr 4 295 Sweller J. 1994. Cognitive load theory, learning difficulty, and instructional design. Learn Instr. 4:295-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-4752(94)90003-5. 

  58. Sweller J 2011 10.1016/B978-0-12-387691-1.00002-8 Cognitive load theory Psychol Learn Motiv Cogn Educ 55 37 Sweller J. 2011. Cognitive load theory. Psychol Learn Motiv Cogn Educ. 55:37-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-387691-1.00002-8. 

    crossref

  59. Wang XJ 2010 Neurophysiological and computational principles of cortical rhythms in cognition Physiol Rev 90 1195 Wang XJ. 2010. Neurophysiological and computational principles of cortical rhythms in cognition. Physiol Rev. 90:1195-1268. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00035.2008. 

  60. Whear R 2014 What is the impact of using outdoor spaces such as gardens on the physical and mental well-being of those with dementia? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence J Am Med Dir Assoc 15 697 Whear R, Coon JT, Bethel A, Abbott R, Stein K, Garside R. 2014. What is the impact of using outdoor spaces such as gardens on the physical and mental well-being of those with dementia? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 15:697-705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2014.05.013. 

  61. Wu YT 2022 Psychophysiological responses of cut flower fragrances as an olfactory stimulation by measurement of electroencephalogram in adults Int J Environ Res Public Health 19 18 11639 Wu YT, Lee AY, Choi NY, Park SA. 2022. Psychophysiological responses of cut flower fragrances as an olfactory stimulation by measurement of electroencephalogram in adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 19(18):11639. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811639. 

  62. Zarjam P 2011 Zarjam P, Epps J, Chen F. 2011. Spectral EEG featuresfor evaluating cognitive load. Presented at the Proceedings of the 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Boston, MA, USA, 30 Aug-3 Sep 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6090954. 

관련 콘텐츠

오픈액세스(OA) 유형

GOLD

오픈액세스 학술지에 출판된 논문

이 논문과 함께 이용한 콘텐츠

저작권 관리 안내
섹션별 컨텐츠 바로가기

AI-Helper ※ AI-Helper는 오픈소스 모델을 사용합니다.

AI-Helper 아이콘
AI-Helper
안녕하세요, AI-Helper입니다. 좌측 "선택된 텍스트"에서 텍스트를 선택하여 요약, 번역, 용어설명을 실행하세요.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.

선택된 텍스트

맨위로