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2. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Akao 50 1155 1998 Intestinal bacterial hydrolysis is required for the appearance of compound K in rat plasma after oral administration of ginsenoside Rb1 from Panax ginseng 

3. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin Bae 23 1481 2000 10.1248/bpb.23.1481 Constitutive beta-glucosidases hydrolyzing ginsenoside Rb1 and Rb2 from human intestinal bacteria 

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4. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin Chi 28 2102 2005 10.1248/bpb.28.2102 Transformation of ginsenosides Rb2 and Rc from Panax ginseng by food microorganisms 

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5. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications Cui 689 349 1997 10.1016/S0378-4347(96)00304-0 Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol for study on human urinary excretion of ginsenosides after ingestion of ginseng preparations 

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6. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice Eliason 10 265 1997 Dietary supplement users: demographic, product use and medical system interaction 

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8. Mayo Clinic Proceedings Harnack 76 688 2001 10.4065/76.7.688 Prevalence of use of herbal products by adults in the Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minn, metropolitan area 

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9. Planta Medicine Hasegawa 64 696 1998 10.1055/s-2006-957560 Antimetastatic efficacy of orally administered ginsenoside Rb1 in dependence on intestinal bacterial hydrolyzing potential and significance of treatment with an active bacterial metabolite 

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11. Planta Medicine Hasegawa 63 436 1997 10.1055/s-2006-957729 Role of human intestinal Prevotella oris in hydrolyzing ginseng saponins 

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12. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin Karikura 38 2859 1990 10.1248/cpb.38.2859 Studies on absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginsengsaponins. V. The decomposition products of ginsenoside Rb2 in the large intestine of rats 

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13. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin Karikura 39 400 1991 10.1248/cpb.39.400 Studies on absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponins. VI. The decomposition products of ginsenoside Rb2 in the stomach of rats 

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14. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin Karikura 39 2357 1991 10.1248/cpb.39.2357 Studies on absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponins. VII. Comparison of the decomposition modes of ginsenoside-Rb1 and -Rb2 in the digestive tract of rats 

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15. Cancer Letters Lee 144 39 1999 10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00188-3 Antitumor activity of a novel ginseng saponin metabolite in human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells resistant to cisplatin 

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16. Archives of Pharmacal Research Lee 25 165 2002 10.1007/BF02976558 Fecal metabolic activities of herbal components to bioactive compounds 

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17. Liver International Lee 25 1069 2005 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2005.01068.x Hepatoprotective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 and compound K on tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced liver injury 

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18. Biomedical Chromatography Li 18 849 2004 10.1002/bmc.400 HPLC determination of four active saponins from Panax notoginseng in rat serum and its application to pharmacokinetic studies 

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19. Communication Mass Spectrometry Li 19 813 2005 10.1002/rcm.1862 Liquid chromatography tandem/mass spectrometry for pharmacokinetic studies of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 in dog 

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20. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin Mochizuki 18 1197 1995 10.1248/bpb.18.1197 Inhibitory effect of tumor metastasis in mice by saponins, ginsenoside-Rb2, 20(R)- and 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg3, of red ginseng 

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21. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin Odani 31 292 1983 10.1248/cpb.31.292 Studies on the absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponins. II. The absorption, distribution and excretion of ginsenoside Rg1 in the rat 

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22. Journal of Korean Medical Science Shibata 16 S28 2001 10.3346/jkms.2001.16.S.S28 Chemistry and cancer preventing activities of ginseng saponins and some related triterpenoid compounds 

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23. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin Shibata 11 759 1963 10.1248/cpb.11.759 Studies on the constituents of Japanese and Chinese crude drugs. XI. Panaxadiol, A Sapogenin of ginseng roots 

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24. Acta Pharmaceutica Suecica Stombom 22 113 1985 Studies on absorption, distribution and excretion of ginsenoside Rg1 by whole-body autoradiography and chromatography 

25. Journal of Immunology Tawab 148 2357 2003 Degradation of ginsenosides in humans after oral administration 

26. Oncology Research Wakabayashi 9 411 1997 In vivo antimetastatic action of ginseng protopanaxadiol saponins is based on their intestinal bacterial metabolites after oral administration 

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27. Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences Xie 818 167 2005 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.12.028 High performance liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of ginsenoside Rg3 and its metabolites in rat plasma using solid-phase ion for pharmacokinetic studies 

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28. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin Yim 27 1580 2004 10.1248/bpb.27.1580 Metabolic activities of ginsenoside Rb1, baicalin, glycyrrhizin and geniposide to their bioactive compounds by human intestinal microflora 

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