초록

AI-Helper

5ㆍ18 광주항쟁은 1970년대 반독재민주화운동을 계승하고 있었지만, 동시에 1980년대 혁명적 대항이데올로기의 원천이 되었다. 5ㆍ18 광주항쟁 자체는 자유민주주의적이었지만, 사후적으로 그것은 ‘혁명’으로 재현되었다. 이 과정에서 선도적인 역할을 수행한 것은 학생운동이었으며, 이는 5ㆍ18이 실패한 지점에서 그것을 반복함으로써 자유민주주의를 뛰어넘는 새로운 사회를 건설하려는 시도였다. 그리고 이로부터 ‘1980년대’라고 불리는 독특한 정치적 공간이 창출되었다. 대학가에는 수많은 소규모 의식화 조직들이 범람했고, 맑스주의를 비롯해 좌파 사상들이 널리 읽히기 시작했으며, 사회운동의 거의 모든 논쟁의 화두는 ‘혁명’의 둘레를 맴돌았다. 또한 이 과정에서 5ㆍ18 시민군은 학생들이 자신을 동일화하는 주체성의 모델로 확립되었다. 그러나 문민정부-국민정부-참여정부로 이어지는 민주정부들에 의해 5ㆍ18이 ‘민주화운동’으로 제도화되면서, 5ㆍ18의 혁명적 재현이 발휘하는 사회적 효과는 급속히 소멸되었다. 결국 5․18을 ‘혁명’으로 재현하려는 시도는 실패했으며, 그로 인해 5ㆍ18에 담겨 있던 저항적 상징성마저 소실되었다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The 5ㆍ18 Gwangju Uprising was an origin of the counter-ideology in 1980s, although it was a succession of anti-dictatorship/pro-democracy movement in 1970s. The 5ㆍ18 was liberal democratic in itself. However, it had been represented as a ‘revolution’ afterward, and the student movement played a lead...

The 5ㆍ18 Gwangju Uprising was an origin of the counter-ideology in 1980s, although it was a succession of anti-dictatorship/pro-democracy movement in 1970s. The 5ㆍ18 was liberal democratic in itself. However, it had been represented as a ‘revolution’ afterward, and the student movement played a leading role in its representation/interpretation. Students attempted to build a new alternative society beyond the liberal democracy by repeating struggles against the existing political regime. As a result, the singular political time-space called ‘1980s’ was created. The western left thoughts including Marxism and a number of small organizations for consciousness-raising among students was prevalent, and almost all of the discussions in social movements hovered around a revolution. Students considered the 5ㆍ18 civil militia their role model in constituting a subjectivity which was necessary to break up a revolution. However, after being institutionalized the 5ㆍ18 Uprising into the ‘pro-democracy movement’ by democratic governments in 1990s, the social influence of its revolutionary representation faded away. Finally, the attempt to represent the 5ㆍ18 Gwangju Uprising as a ‘revolution’ failed, and symbolic resistance of the 5ㆍ18 disappeared as well.

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