정보통신 시장의 변화로 인해 기존의 보편적 서비스에 대한 논의가 활발히 전개되고 있다. 이에 이 논문은 보편적 서비스의 개념적 틀의 재정립을 위해 정보통신 네트워크의 변화에 따른 이용자들의 이용현황을 알아보고자 한다. 현재, 정보통신 네트워크는 커뮤니케이션과 정보추구 두 가지 형태로 사용되고 있다. 이러한 이용현황을 고려하였을 때, 커뮤니케이션은 과거의 음성 위주에서 데이터를 사용한 커뮤니케이션으로 확대되고 있다고 할 수 있다. 커뮤니케이션은 인간에게 있어 핵심적 가치라 할 수 있지만, 반면에 정보라 함은 그 자체가 어떤 가치를 갖고 있는 것이 아니라 이용자들에 의해 가치를 갖는다는 것이다. 따라서 현재와 미래의 보편적 서비스를 논하는 데 있어 어떤 서비스가 커뮤니케이션으로 사용되고 있는가에 초점을 맞추어 고려해야 한다.
정보통신 시장의 변화로 인해 기존의 보편적 서비스에 대한 논의가 활발히 전개되고 있다. 이에 이 논문은 보편적 서비스의 개념적 틀의 재정립을 위해 정보통신 네트워크의 변화에 따른 이용자들의 이용현황을 알아보고자 한다. 현재, 정보통신 네트워크는 커뮤니케이션과 정보추구 두 가지 형태로 사용되고 있다. 이러한 이용현황을 고려하였을 때, 커뮤니케이션은 과거의 음성 위주에서 데이터를 사용한 커뮤니케이션으로 확대되고 있다고 할 수 있다. 커뮤니케이션은 인간에게 있어 핵심적 가치라 할 수 있지만, 반면에 정보라 함은 그 자체가 어떤 가치를 갖고 있는 것이 아니라 이용자들에 의해 가치를 갖는다는 것이다. 따라서 현재와 미래의 보편적 서비스를 논하는 데 있어 어떤 서비스가 커뮤니케이션으로 사용되고 있는가에 초점을 맞추어 고려해야 한다.
In a rapidly changing environment in telecommunications industry, a concern" for the universal service surfaces again in the political process. Much discussions on the issue of universal service center on the functional dimension, such as which services should be basic? and who has to subsidize whom...
In a rapidly changing environment in telecommunications industry, a concern" for the universal service surfaces again in the political process. Much discussions on the issue of universal service center on the functional dimension, such as which services should be basic? and who has to subsidize whom? These functional questions might cause the struggle between parties interested in telecommunications, as observed in the past. When the term of universal service was referred to by Vail, that means the interconnection of separate networks operated by diverse independent telephone companies through the Bell"s network. This implies that the first meaning of universal service was not increasing the rate of phone growth by cross-subsidy. The cross- subsidy system was adopted when there introduced competition in the long distance telephone industry. Considering the discussions so far, we find that there has been no clear conceptual definition of universal service, rather the universal service has been defined ad hoc. In other words, the meaning of universal service has varied as telecommunications environment has changed. Therefore, a conceptual definition of universal service is required to make the universal service applied to any situation, not resulting from the interest groups. In this context, this research aims to level up the universal service to conceptual dimension. In order to conceptualize the universal service, this paper examines the current environments of both telecommunications industry and consumers" usage pattern. First, regarding the changes of telecommunications industry, the network to back up the telecommunication industry has changed from the pyramid structure into geodesic structure, which means that the control of network has shifted from the network operator to users. Furthermore, after studying the rationale to support the universal service covering both voice and information, this research finds out that there is myth on the dealing with information. Information does not have inherent value not only to empower users but also to bring about the democracy. Information has to be contextualized to become knowledge which is worthy to users. Therefore, information has to be understood within the context of users" environments. Considering the characteristics of information, the universal service to minimize the digital divide might not be illogical. This results in the following argument that the universal service policy has to be considered from users" perspective not from the policy makers". Right now, telecommunication networks are employed for both information seeking and communication. The universal service policy for information seeking has to be conditioned by communication. Because communication is kind of core value to all human beings when compared with the function of information seeking. Therefore, the first thing to be valued is to decide which services are employed for communication. For example, if e-mail is very important communication service, e- mail has to be included in the universal service. Therefore, the universal service policy has to consider the communication function of telecommunications network, not information seeking. This does not mean that information seeking is not important As Rawls argue, the social justice of distribution is to make every body have equal opportunity. For the equal opportunity of information seeking, the open access is very important in information seeking. In sum, communication function is a crucial criteria for which services are included in the universal service. After this work, for information seeking, the guarantee of both open access and fair competition between telecommunications industry is very important.
In a rapidly changing environment in telecommunications industry, a concern" for the universal service surfaces again in the political process. Much discussions on the issue of universal service center on the functional dimension, such as which services should be basic? and who has to subsidize whom? These functional questions might cause the struggle between parties interested in telecommunications, as observed in the past. When the term of universal service was referred to by Vail, that means the interconnection of separate networks operated by diverse independent telephone companies through the Bell"s network. This implies that the first meaning of universal service was not increasing the rate of phone growth by cross-subsidy. The cross- subsidy system was adopted when there introduced competition in the long distance telephone industry. Considering the discussions so far, we find that there has been no clear conceptual definition of universal service, rather the universal service has been defined ad hoc. In other words, the meaning of universal service has varied as telecommunications environment has changed. Therefore, a conceptual definition of universal service is required to make the universal service applied to any situation, not resulting from the interest groups. In this context, this research aims to level up the universal service to conceptual dimension. In order to conceptualize the universal service, this paper examines the current environments of both telecommunications industry and consumers" usage pattern. First, regarding the changes of telecommunications industry, the network to back up the telecommunication industry has changed from the pyramid structure into geodesic structure, which means that the control of network has shifted from the network operator to users. Furthermore, after studying the rationale to support the universal service covering both voice and information, this research finds out that there is myth on the dealing with information. Information does not have inherent value not only to empower users but also to bring about the democracy. Information has to be contextualized to become knowledge which is worthy to users. Therefore, information has to be understood within the context of users" environments. Considering the characteristics of information, the universal service to minimize the digital divide might not be illogical. This results in the following argument that the universal service policy has to be considered from users" perspective not from the policy makers". Right now, telecommunication networks are employed for both information seeking and communication. The universal service policy for information seeking has to be conditioned by communication. Because communication is kind of core value to all human beings when compared with the function of information seeking. Therefore, the first thing to be valued is to decide which services are employed for communication. For example, if e-mail is very important communication service, e- mail has to be included in the universal service. Therefore, the universal service policy has to consider the communication function of telecommunications network, not information seeking. This does not mean that information seeking is not important As Rawls argue, the social justice of distribution is to make every body have equal opportunity. For the equal opportunity of information seeking, the open access is very important in information seeking. In sum, communication function is a crucial criteria for which services are included in the universal service. After this work, for information seeking, the guarantee of both open access and fair competition between telecommunications industry is very important.
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