[논문]Single-molecule views of MutS on mismatched DNA

Lee, Jong-Bong; Cho, Won-Ki; Park, Jonghyun; Jeon, Yongmoon; Kim, Daehyung; Lee, Seung Hwan; Fishel, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.02.014

[해외논문] Single-molecule views of MutS on mismatched DNA 원문보기

DNA repair, v.20, 2014년, pp.82 - 93

Lee, Jong-Bong (Department of Physics, POSTECH) , Cho, Won-Ki (Department of Physics, POSTECH) , Park, Jonghyun (Department of Physics, POSTECH) , Jeon, Yongmoon (Department of Physics, POSTECH) , Kim, Daehyung (Department of Physics, POSTECH) , Lee, Seung Hwan (School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience & Bioengineering, POSTECH) , Fishel, Richard (Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Abstract Base-pair mismatches that occur during DNA replication or recombination can reduce genetic stability or conversely increase genetic diversity. The genetics and biophysical mechanism of mismatch repair (MMR) has been extensively studied since its discovery nearly 50 years ago. MMR is a strand-specific excision-resynthesis reaction that is initiated by MutS homolog (MSH) binding to the mismatched nucleotides. The MSH mismatch-binding signal is then transmitted to the immediate downstream MutL homolog (MLH/PMS) MMR components and ultimately to a distant strand scission site where excision begins. The mechanism of signal transmission has been controversial for decades. We have utilized single molecule Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET), Fluorescence Tracking (smFT) and Polarization Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (smP-TIRF) to examine the interactions and dynamic behaviors of single Thermus aquaticus MutS (TaqMutS) particles on mismatched DNA. We determined that TaqMutS forms an incipient clamp to search for a mismatch in ∼1s intervals by 1-dimensional (1D) thermal fluctuation-driven rotational diffusion while in continuous contact with the helical duplex DNA. When MutS encounters a mismatch it lingers for ∼3s to exchange bound ADP for ATP (ADP→ATP exchange). ATP binding by TaqMutS induces an extremely stable clamp conformation (∼10min) that slides off the mismatch and moves along the adjacent duplex DNA driven simply by 1D thermal diffusion. The ATP-bound sliding clamps rotate freely while in discontinuous contact with the DNA. The visualization of a train of MSH proteins suggests that dissociation of ATP-bound sliding clamps from the mismatch permits multiple mismatch-dependent loading events. These direct observations have provided critical clues into understanding the molecular mechanism of MSH proteins during MMR.

Keyword

참고문헌 (112)

Friedberg 2006 DNA Repair and Mutagenesis
J. Biol. Chem. Kunkel 279 16895 2004 10.1074/jbc.R400006200 DNA replication fidelity

상세보기
J. Mol. Biol. Witkin 8 610 1964 10.1016/S0022-2836(64)80017-6 Pure clones of lactose negative mutants obtained in Escherichia coli after treatment with 5-bromouracil

상세보기
Genet. Res. Holliday 5 282 1964 10.1017/S0016672300001233 A mechanism for gene conversion in fungi

상세보기
Ann. Rev. Genet. Cox 10 135 1976 10.1146/annurev.ge.10.120176.001031 Bacterial mutator genes and the control of spontaneous mutation

상세보기
Cancer Res. Loeb 51 3075 1991 Mutator phenotype may be required for multistage carcinogenesis

상세보기
Fam. Cancer Martin-Lopez 12 159 2013 10.1007/s10689-013-9635-x The mechanism of mismatch repair and the functional analysis of mismatch repair defects in Lynch syndrome

상세보기
Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. Fishel 5 382 1995 10.1016/0959-437X(95)80055-7 Identification of mismatch repair genes and their role in the development of cancer

상세보기
Annu. Rev. Biochem. Modrich 65 101 1996 10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.000533 Mismatch repair in replication fidelity, genetic recombination, and cancer biology

상세보기
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. Su 83 5057 1986 10.1073/pnas.83.14.5057 Escherichia coli mutS-encoded protein binds to mismatched DNA base pairs

상세보기
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. Acharya 93 13629 1996 10.1073/pnas.93.24.13629 hMSH2 forms specific mispair-binding complexes with hMSH3 and hMSH6

상세보기
Cancer Res. Bocker 59 816 1999 hMSH5: a human MutS homologue that forms a novel heterodimer with hMSH4 and is expressed during spermatogenesis

상세보기
Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. Fishel 7 105 1997 10.1016/S0959-437X(97)80117-7 MutS homologs in mammalian cells

상세보기
J. Biol. Chem. Gradia 275 3922 2000 10.1074/jbc.275.6.3922 The role of mismatched nucleotides in activating the hMSH2-hMSH6 molecular switch

상세보기
Mol. Cell. Biol. Harrington 27 6546 2007 10.1128/MCB.00855-07 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Msh2-Msh3 acts in repair of base-base mispairs

상세보기
Genes Dev. Marsischky 10 407 1996 10.1101/gad.10.4.407 Redundancy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSH3 and MSH6 in MSH2-dependent mismatch repair

상세보기
J. Biol. Chem. Wilson 274 1999 10.1074/jbc.274.31.21659 Dissociation of mismatch recognition and ATPase activity by hMSH2-hMSH3

상세보기
Nature Lamers 407 711 2000 10.1038/35037523 The crystal structure of DNA mismatch repair protein MutS binding to a G×T mismatch

상세보기
Nature Obmolova 407 703 2000 10.1038/35037509 Crystal structures of mismatch repair protein MutS and its complex with a substrate DNA

상세보기
J. Biol. Chem. Heinen 286 40287 2011 10.1074/jbc.M111.297523 Human MSH2 (hMSH2) protein controls ATP processing by hMSH2-hMSH6

상세보기
EMBO J. Lamers 22 746 2003 10.1093/emboj/cdg064 The alternating ATPase domains of MutS control DNA mismatch repair

상세보기
Mol. Cell Mazur 22 39 2006 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.02.010 Inhibition of Msh6 ATPase activity by mispaired DNA induces a Msh2(ATP)-Msh6(ATP) state capable of hydrolysis-independent movement along DNA

상세보기
Mol. Cell Acharya 12 233 2003 10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00219-3 The coordinated functions of the E. coli MutS and MutL proteins in mismatch repair

상세보기
Cell Gradia 91 995 1997 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80490-0 The human mismatch recognition complex hMSH2-hMSH6 functions as a novel molecular switch

상세보기
J. Biol. Chem. Grilley 264 1000 1989 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)85043-3 Isolation and characterization of the Escherichia coli mutL gene product

상세보기
Cell Ban 95 541 1998 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81621-9 Crystal structure and ATPase activity of MutL: implications for DNA repair and mutagenesis

상세보기
Trends Biochem. Sci. Dutta 25 24 2000 10.1016/S0968-0004(99)01503-0 GHKL, an emergent ATPase/kinase superfamily

상세보기
Acharya 2006 The Mechanism of DNA Mismatch Repair from Bacteria to Human
Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. Jiricny 7 335 2006 10.1038/nrm1907 The multifaceted mismatch-repair system

상세보기
Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. Kolodner 9 89 1999 10.1016/S0959-437X(99)80013-6 Eukaryotic DNA mismatch repair

상세보기
J. Biol. Chem. Modrich 272 24727 1997 10.1074/jbc.272.40.24727 Strand-specific mismatch repair in mammalian cells

상세보기
Marinus 81 1984 DNA Methylation, Biochemistry and Biological Significance Methylation of prokaryotic DNA
Genetics Viswanathan 149 7 1998 10.1093/genetics/149.1.7 Single-strand DNA-specific exonucleases in Escherichia coli - roles in repair and mutation avoidance

상세보기
J. Biol. Chem. Constantin 280 39752 2005 10.1074/jbc.M509701200 Human mismatch repair: reconstitution of a nick-directed bidirectional reaction

상세보기
J. Biol. Chem. Grilley 268 11830 1993 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50275-7 Bidirectional excision in methyl-directed mismatch repair

상세보기
Science Lahue 245 160 1989 10.1126/science.2665076 DNA mismatch correction in a defined system

상세보기
Mol. Cell Ghodgaonkar 50 323 2013 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.03.019 Ribonucleotides misincorporated into DNA act as strand-discrimination signals in eukaryotic mismatch repair

상세보기
Mol. Cell Lujan 50 437 2013 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.03.017 Ribonucleotides are signals for mismatch repair of leading-strand replication errors

상세보기
Cancer Res. Schmutte 58 4537 1998 Human exonuclease I interacts with the mismatch repair protein hMSH2

상세보기
Cancer Res. Tishkoff 58 5027 1998 Identification of a human gene encoding a homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae EXO1, an exonuclease implicated in mismatch repair and recombination

상세보기
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. Tishkoff 94 7487 1997 10.1073/pnas.94.14.7487 Identification and characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae EXO1, a gene encoding an exonuclease that interacts with MSH2

상세보기
Cell Zhang 122 693 2005 10.1016/j.cell.2005.06.027 Reconstitution of 5′-directed human mismatch repair in a purified system

상세보기
Mol. Cell Dzantiev 15 31 2004 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.06.016 A defined human system that supports bidirectional mismatch-provoked excision

상세보기
Cell Kadyrov 126 297 2006 10.1016/j.cell.2006.05.039 Endonucleolytic function of MutLalpha in human mismatch repair

상세보기
J. Biol. Chem. Kadyrov 282 37181 2007 10.1074/jbc.M707617200 Saccharomyces cerevisiae MutLalpha is a mismatch repair endonuclease

상세보기
Mol. Cell Pillon 39 145 2010 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.06.027 Structure of the endonuclease domain of MutL: unlicensed to cut

상세보기
DNA Repair (Amst) Pillon 10 87 2011 10.1016/j.dnarep.2010.10.003 The endonuclease domain of MutL interacts with the beta sliding clamp

상세보기
Mol. Cell. Biol. Amin 21 5142 2001 10.1128/MCB.21.15.5142-5155.2001 exo1-Dependent mutator mutations: model system for studying functional interactions in mismatch repair

상세보기
Genes Dev. Wei 17 603 2003 10.1101/gad.1060603 Inactivation of Exonuclease 1 in mice results in DNA mismatch repair defects, increased cancer susceptibility, and male and female sterility

상세보기
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. Kolodner 104 12953 2007 10.1073/pnas.0705698104 Coupling distant sites in DNA during DNA mismatch repair

상세보기
Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. Fishel 65 217 2000 10.1101/sqb.2000.65.217 Signaling mismatch repair: the mechanics of an adenosine-nucleotide molecular switch

상세보기
Mol. Cell Gradia 3 255 1999 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80316-0 hMSH2-hMSH6 forms a hydrolysis-independent sliding clamp on mismatched DNA

상세보기
EMBO J. Allen 16 4467 1997 10.1093/emboj/16.14.4467 MutS mediates heteroduplex loop formation by a translocation mechanism

상세보기
J. Biol. Chem. Blackwell 273 32049 1998 10.1074/jbc.273.48.32049 DNA-dependent activation of the hMutS alpha ATPase

상세보기
Genes Dev. Fishel 12 2096 1998 10.1101/gad.12.14.2096 Mismatch repair, molecular switches, and signal transduction

상세보기
Mol. Cell Junop 7 1 2001 10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00149-6 Composite active site of an ABC ATPase: MutS uses ATP to verify mismatch recognition and authorize DNA repair

상세보기
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. Pluciennik 104 12709 2007 10.1073/pnas.0705129104 Protein roadblocks and helix discontinuities are barriers to the initiation of mismatch repair

상세보기
Mol. Cell Warren 26 579 2007 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.04.018 Structure of the human MutSalpha DNA lesion recognition complex

상세보기
Cancer Cell Heinen 1 469 2002 10.1016/S1535-6108(02)00073-9 HNPCC mutations in hMSH2 result in reduced hMSH2-hMSH6 molecular switch functions

상세보기
J. Biol. Chem. Mendillo 285 13170 2010 10.1074/jbc.M110.108894 Probing DNA- and ATP-mediated conformational changes in the MutS family of mispair recognition proteins using deuterium exchange mass spectrometry

상세보기
Mol. Cell Shell 26 565 2007 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.04.024 The N terminus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Msh6 is an unstructured tether to PCNA

상세보기
J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. Mirny 42 434013 2009 10.1088/1751-8113/42/43/434013 How a protein searches for its site on DNA: the mechanism of facilitated diffusion

상세보기
Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biophys. Chem. Berg 14 131 1985 10.1146/annurev.bb.14.060185.001023 Diffusion-controlled macromolecular interactions

상세보기
Biochemistry Berg 20 6929 1981 10.1021/bi00527a028 Diffusion-driven mechanisms of protein translocation on nucleic acids. 1. Models and theory

상세보기
Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. Slutsky 69 061903 2004 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.061903 Diffusion in correlated random potentials, with applications to DNA

상세보기
Biophys. J. Slutsky 87 4021 2004 10.1529/biophysj.104.050765 Kinetics of protein-DNA interaction: facilitated target location in sequence-dependent potential

상세보기
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. Blainey 103 5752 2006 10.1073/pnas.0509723103 A base-excision DNA-repair protein finds intrahelical lesion bases by fast sliding in contact with DNA

상세보기
Yanagida 2009 Single Molecule Dynamics in Life Science
Mol. Cell Jiang 20 771 2005 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.10.014 Detection of high-affinity and sliding clamp modes for MSH2-MSH6 by single-molecule unzipping force analysis

상세보기
J. Biol. Chem. Mendillo 280 22245 2005 10.1074/jbc.M407545200 Analysis of the interaction between the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSH2-MSH6 and MLH1-PMS1 complexes with DNA using a reversible DNA end-blocking system

상세보기
Mol. Cell Gorman 28 359 2007 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.09.008 Dynamic basis for one-dimensional DNA scanning by the mismatch repair complex Msh2-Msh6

상세보기
Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. Gorman 17 932 2010 10.1038/nsmb.1858 Visualizing one-dimensional diffusion of eukaryotic DNA repair factors along a chromatin lattice

상세보기
Annu. Rev. Biochem. Joo 77 51 2008 10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.070606.101543 Advances in single-molecule fluorescence methods for molecular biology

상세보기
PLoS ONE Park 5 e15496 2010 10.1371/journal.pone.0015496 Single-molecule analysis reveals the kinetics and physiological relevance of MutL-ssDNA binding

상세보기
Biol. Chem. Drotschmann 383 969 2002 10.1515/BC.2002.103 DNA binding properties of the yeast Msh2-Msh6 and Mlh1-Pms1 heterodimers

상세보기
Biochemistry Sass 49 3174 2010 10.1021/bi901871u Single-molecule FRET TACKLE reveals highly dynamic mismatched DNA-MutS complexes

상세보기
Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. Jeong 18 379 2011 10.1038/nsmb.2009 MutS switches between two fundamentally distinct clamps during mismatch repair

상세보기
Structure Cho 20 1264 2012 10.1016/j.str.2012.04.017 ATP alters the diffusion mechanics of MutS on mismatched DNA

상세보기
EMBO J. Qiu 31 2528 2012 10.1038/emboj.2012.95 Large conformational changes in MutS during DNA scanning, mismatch recognition and repair signalling

상세보기
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. Gorman 109 E3074 2012 10.1073/pnas.1211364109 Single-molecule imaging reveals target-search mechanisms during DNA mismatch repair

상세보기
J. Biol. Chem. Tessmer 283 36646 2008 10.1074/jbc.M805712200 Mechanism of MutS searching for DNA mismatches and signaling repair

상세보기
J. Biol. Chem. Schofield 276 28291 2001 10.1074/jbc.M103148200 Interaction of Escherichia coli MutS and MutL at a DNA mismatch

상세보기
Nucleic Acids Res. Yang 33 4322 2005 10.1093/nar/gki708 Determination of protein-DNA binding constants and specificities from statistical analyses of single molecules: MutS-DNA interactions

상세보기
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. Mazurek 106 4177 2009 10.1073/pnas.0808572106 Sequence context effect for hMSH2-hMSH6 mismatch-dependent activation

상세보기
Nature Forget 482 423 2012 10.1038/nature10782 Single-molecule imaging of DNA pairing by RecA reveals a three-dimensional homology search

상세보기
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. Graneli 103 1221 2006 10.1073/pnas.0508366103 Long-distance lateral diffusion of human Rad51 on double-stranded DNA

상세보기
Biophys. J. Tafvizi 95 L01 2008 10.1529/biophysj.108.134122 Tumor suppressor p53 slides on DNA with low friction and high stability

상세보기
Phys. Rev. Lett. Wang 97 048302 2006 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.048302 Single molecule measurements of repressor protein 1D diffusion on DNA

상세보기
Nucleic Acids Res. Forties 39 8306 2011 10.1093/nar/gkr422 A quantitative model of nucleosome dynamics

상세보기
Mol. Cell Javaid 36 1086 2009 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.12.010 Nucleosome remodeling by hMSH2-hMSH6

상세보기
Bioconjug. Chem. Gruber 11 696 2000 10.1021/bc000015m Anomalous fluorescence enhancement of Cy3 and cy3.5 versus anomalous fluorescence loss of Cy5 and Cy7 upon covalent linking to IgG and noncovalent binding to avidin

상세보기
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. Iqbal 105 11176 2008 10.1073/pnas.0801707105 Orientation dependence in fluorescent energy transfer between Cy3 and Cy5 terminally attached to double-stranded nucleic acids

상세보기
Biophys. J. Oiwa 84 634 2003 10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74883-8 The 2′-O- and 3′-O-Cy3-EDA-ATP(ADP) complexes with myosin subfragment-1 are spectroscopically distinct

상세보기
Annu. Rev. Biochem. Kunkel 74 681 2005 10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133243 DNA mismatch repair

상세보기
DNA Repair (Amst) Yang 5 654 2006 10.1016/j.dnarep.2006.02.004 Poor base stacking at DNA lesions may initiate recognition by many repair proteins

상세보기
Biochemistry Antony 43 13115 2004 10.1021/bi049010t Asymmetric ATP binding and hydrolysis activity of the Thermus aquaticus MutS dimer is key to modulation of its interactions with mismatched DNA

상세보기
J. Biol. Chem. Blackwell 273 32055 1998 10.1074/jbc.273.48.32055 Nucleotide-promoted release of hMutS alpha from heteroduplex DNA is consistent with an ATP-dependent translocation Mechanism

상세보기
Nat. Genet. Flores-Rozas 26 375 2000 10.1038/81708 Proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Msh2p-Msh6p interact to form an active mispair recognition complex

상세보기
Nucleic Acids Res. Gu 26 1173 1998 10.1093/nar/26.5.1173 ATP-dependent interaction of human mismatch repair proteins and dual role of PCNA in mismatch repair

상세보기
J. Biol. Chem. Lau 278 14 2003 10.1074/jbc.C200627200 Transfer of the MSH2.MSH6 complex from proliferating cell nuclear antigen to mispaired bases in DNA

상세보기
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. Pluciennik 107 16066 2010 10.1073/pnas.1010662107 PCNA function in the activation and strand direction of MutLalpha endonuclease in mismatch repair

상세보기
Cell Umar 87 65 1996 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81323-9 Requirement for PCNA in DNA mismatch repair at a step preceding DNA resynthesis

상세보기
Nature Lee 439 621 2006 10.1038/nature04317 DNA primase acts as a molecular brake in DNA replication

상세보기
Nucleic Acids Res. Elez 40 3929 2012 10.1093/nar/gkr1298 Stoichiometry of MutS and MutL at unrepaired mismatches in vivo suggests a mechanism of repair

상세보기
Cell Hombauer 147 1040 2011 10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.025 Visualization of eukaryotic DNA mismatch repair reveals distinct recognition and repair intermediates

상세보기
Nat. Methods Gebhardt 10 421 2013 10.1038/nmeth.2411 Single-molecule imaging of transcription factor binding to DNA in live mammalian cells

상세보기
Science Lia 335 328 2012 10.1126/science.1210400 Polymerase exchange during Okazaki fragment synthesis observed in living cells

상세보기
J. Microsc. Wolter 237 12 2010 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03287.x Real-time computation of subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence images

상세보기
Nat. Methods Henriques 7 339 2010 10.1038/nmeth0510-339 QuickPALM: 3D real-time photoactivation nanoscopy image processing in ImageJ

상세보기
Nat. Methods Hedde 6 689 2009 10.1038/nmeth1009-689 Online image analysis software for photoactivation localization microscopy

상세보기
Phys. Rev. Lett. Lee 109 28101 2012 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.248101 Polarization-controlled photoswitching resolves dipole directions with subwavelength resolution

상세보기
J. Biol. Chem. Biswas 271 5040 1996 10.1074/jbc.271.9.5040 Identification and characterization of a thermostable MutS homolog from Thermus aquaticus

상세보기

LOADING...

활용도 분석정보

상세보기

다운로드

내보내기

활용도 Top5 논문

해당 논문의 주제분야에서 활용도가 높은 상위 5개 콘텐츠를 보여줍니다.
더보기 버튼을 클릭하시면 더 많은 관련자료를 살펴볼 수 있습니다.

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증