본 연구는 한라산국립공원에 설치한 인공소상에서 번식하는 박새류(Titmouse)의 고도별(관음사: 600m, 어리목: 900m, 영실: 1300m) 번식생태를 밝히기 위하여 2009년 3월부터 2011년 8월까지 이루어졌다. 연구결과, 박새류가 번식하는 4월부터 7월까지의 지역별 평균기온은 관음사 16.30±5.07℃, 어리목 14.50±5.40℃, 영실 13.21±5.28℃로 고도에 따라 차이가 있었으나, 연도별로는 2009년 14.99±5.27℃, 2010년 14.53±5.57℃, 2011년 14.64±5.40℃로 차이가 없었다. 각 조사구에 설치한 48개의 인공소상 중 번식에 이용한 인공소상은 2009년 27.67±3.28개(57.7%), 2010년 29.00±4.04개(60.4%), 2011년 28.67±2.96개(59.7%)였고, 고도별로는 관음사 26.00±1.73개(54.2%), 어리목 34.33±0.88개(71.5%), 영실 25.00±2.52개(52.1%)였다. 번식하는 종에 따른 이용률은 곤줄박이 10.67±1.28개(22.2%), 박새 11.33±1.17개(23.6%)로 나타나, 연도별, 고도별 및 종에 따른 이용률에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 최초 산란일은 고도가 높을수록 늦어지는 경향을 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, 기준일로부터 경과한 날 수로 변환하여 비교한 평균 산란일 분포는 곤줄박이의 경우, 관음사 40.60±3.48일, 어리목 45.90±2.75일, 영실 55.00±2.34일, 박새는 관음사 45.28±4.19일, 어리목 45.61±3.10일, 영실 55.78±3.26일로 모두 차이가 있었다. 동일한 방법으로 비교한 연도별 평균 산란일분포는 번식하는 종과 조사구에 따라 다르게 나타나 일정한 경향성을 보이지는 않았다. 결과적으로 박새류의 번식 생태의 차이는 고도가 높아질수록 산란시기가 늦어지는 것으로 나타났는데 이는 고도에 따른 기온의 차이에서 나타난 것으로 판단된다.
본 연구는 한라산국립공원에 설치한 인공소상에서 번식하는 박새류(Titmouse)의 고도별(관음사: 600m, 어리목: 900m, 영실: 1300m) 번식생태를 밝히기 위하여 2009년 3월부터 2011년 8월까지 이루어졌다. 연구결과, 박새류가 번식하는 4월부터 7월까지의 지역별 평균기온은 관음사 16.30±5.07℃, 어리목 14.50±5.40℃, 영실 13.21±5.28℃로 고도에 따라 차이가 있었으나, 연도별로는 2009년 14.99±5.27℃, 2010년 14.53±5.57℃, 2011년 14.64±5.40℃로 차이가 없었다. 각 조사구에 설치한 48개의 인공소상 중 번식에 이용한 인공소상은 2009년 27.67±3.28개(57.7%), 2010년 29.00±4.04개(60.4%), 2011년 28.67±2.96개(59.7%)였고, 고도별로는 관음사 26.00±1.73개(54.2%), 어리목 34.33±0.88개(71.5%), 영실 25.00±2.52개(52.1%)였다. 번식하는 종에 따른 이용률은 곤줄박이 10.67±1.28개(22.2%), 박새 11.33±1.17개(23.6%)로 나타나, 연도별, 고도별 및 종에 따른 이용률에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 최초 산란일은 고도가 높을수록 늦어지는 경향을 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, 기준일로부터 경과한 날 수로 변환하여 비교한 평균 산란일 분포는 곤줄박이의 경우, 관음사 40.60±3.48일, 어리목 45.90±2.75일, 영실 55.00±2.34일, 박새는 관음사 45.28±4.19일, 어리목 45.61±3.10일, 영실 55.78±3.26일로 모두 차이가 있었다. 동일한 방법으로 비교한 연도별 평균 산란일분포는 번식하는 종과 조사구에 따라 다르게 나타나 일정한 경향성을 보이지는 않았다. 결과적으로 박새류의 번식 생태의 차이는 고도가 높아질수록 산란시기가 늦어지는 것으로 나타났는데 이는 고도에 따른 기온의 차이에서 나타난 것으로 판단된다.
This study was conducted to examine the effect of altitude (Gwaneumsa: 600m, Eorimok: 900m, Yeongsil: 1300m) on the breeding ecology of the titmouse, which breeds in artificial nests installed in the Halla Mt. National Park from March 2009 to August 2011. The findings of this analysis showed the f...
This study was conducted to examine the effect of altitude (Gwaneumsa: 600m, Eorimok: 900m, Yeongsil: 1300m) on the breeding ecology of the titmouse, which breeds in artificial nests installed in the Halla Mt. National Park from March 2009 to August 2011. The findings of this analysis showed the following: the regional average temperatures during the breeding season between April and July were 16.30±5.07℃ in Gwaneumsa, 14.50±5.40℃ in Eorimok, and 13.21±5.28℃ in Yeongsil. However, there were no differences in terms of years, where the average temperature was 14.99±5.27℃ in 2009, 14.53±5.57℃ in 2010, and 14.64±5.40℃ in 2011. Among the 48 artificial nests at the various survey locations, the ones that were used for breeding were 27.67±3.28 (57.7%) artificial nests in 2009, 29.00±4.04 (60.4%) in 2010, and 28.67±2.96 (59.7%) in 2011. In terms of altitude, 26.00±1.73 (54.2%) artificial nests were in Gwaneumsa, 34.33±0.88 (71.5%) were in Eorimok, and 25.00±2.52 (52.1%) were in Yeongsil. The utilization rates based on species that bred were 10.67±1.28 (22.2%) artificial nests for Parus varius and 11.33±1.17 (23.6%) for Parus major and no differences in the utilization rates in terms of years, altitudes or species were observed. In addition, the first date of egg-laying timing occurred later at higher altitudes than the average date of egg-laying distributions when the number of days elapsed from a standard date was used, where the number of days was 40.60±3.48, 45.90±2.75, and 55.00±2.34 in Gwaneumsa, Eorimok and Yeongsil, respectively, for Parus varius, and 45.28±4.19, 45.61±3.10 and 55.78±3.26 in Gwaneumsa, Eorimok and Yeongsil, respectively, for Parus major, which were not significantly different. When using the same method, the distribution of the average date of egg-laying based on years was different in terms of species and survey regions; thus, no consistent trend was observed. Litter sizes were not found to be different in terms of altitudes or years. The resulting differences in the breeding ecology of the ti tmouse showed that the higher the altitude, the later the time the eggs were laid, which can be attributable to the temperature differences based on altitudes. As such, in order to identify the year-based differences that were observed in some survey regions and species and also the breeding ecological aspects of forest bird species, long-term monitoring was deemed necessary.
This study was conducted to examine the effect of altitude (Gwaneumsa: 600m, Eorimok: 900m, Yeongsil: 1300m) on the breeding ecology of the titmouse, which breeds in artificial nests installed in the Halla Mt. National Park from March 2009 to August 2011. The findings of this analysis showed the following: the regional average temperatures during the breeding season between April and July were 16.30±5.07℃ in Gwaneumsa, 14.50±5.40℃ in Eorimok, and 13.21±5.28℃ in Yeongsil. However, there were no differences in terms of years, where the average temperature was 14.99±5.27℃ in 2009, 14.53±5.57℃ in 2010, and 14.64±5.40℃ in 2011. Among the 48 artificial nests at the various survey locations, the ones that were used for breeding were 27.67±3.28 (57.7%) artificial nests in 2009, 29.00±4.04 (60.4%) in 2010, and 28.67±2.96 (59.7%) in 2011. In terms of altitude, 26.00±1.73 (54.2%) artificial nests were in Gwaneumsa, 34.33±0.88 (71.5%) were in Eorimok, and 25.00±2.52 (52.1%) were in Yeongsil. The utilization rates based on species that bred were 10.67±1.28 (22.2%) artificial nests for Parus varius and 11.33±1.17 (23.6%) for Parus major and no differences in the utilization rates in terms of years, altitudes or species were observed. In addition, the first date of egg-laying timing occurred later at higher altitudes than the average date of egg-laying distributions when the number of days elapsed from a standard date was used, where the number of days was 40.60±3.48, 45.90±2.75, and 55.00±2.34 in Gwaneumsa, Eorimok and Yeongsil, respectively, for Parus varius, and 45.28±4.19, 45.61±3.10 and 55.78±3.26 in Gwaneumsa, Eorimok and Yeongsil, respectively, for Parus major, which were not significantly different. When using the same method, the distribution of the average date of egg-laying based on years was different in terms of species and survey regions; thus, no consistent trend was observed. Litter sizes were not found to be different in terms of altitudes or years. The resulting differences in the breeding ecology of the ti tmouse showed that the higher the altitude, the later the time the eggs were laid, which can be attributable to the temperature differences based on altitudes. As such, in order to identify the year-based differences that were observed in some survey regions and species and also the breeding ecological aspects of forest bird species, long-term monitoring was deemed necessary.
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