중국의 “涉外民事關係法律適用法”상 무역계약의 준거법 선택 및 결정에 관한 연구 A Study on the Selection and Determination of Governing Law in International Trade Contract with “the People’s Republic of China on the Application of Laws over Foreign-related Civil Relationships”원문보기
무역계약에서 준거법의 결정은 매우 중요하다. 왜냐하면 그것이 어떻게 결정되느냐에 따라 무역계약과 관련된 분쟁의 해결결과가 달라질 수 있기 때문이다. 무역계약에서 준거법의 결정방법은 분쟁의 해결방법이 소송이냐 중재이냐에 따라 규칙의 면에서 다소 상이한 체계를 가지는데, 본 논문에서는 전자에 한해 논의를 전개한다. 소송으로 분쟁을 해결할 경우 무역계약의 준거법은 국제사법의 원칙에 따라 결정하게 된다. 중국은 “중국섭외민사관계법률적용법”이 제정되어 2011년 4월 1일부터 발효되면서 처음으로 단행법으로서의 국제사법을 가지게 되었다. 그러나 현재 무역계약의 준거법결정에 관해서는 주로 종전의 중국의 국제사법관련법과 관련하여 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 새로이 발효된 “섭외민사관계법률적용법”과 종전의 중국의 국제사법관련법들을 검토하여 문헌연구의 방법으로 무역계약에서의 중국의 준거법결정제도에 대해 논의함으로써 이를 기초로 한ㆍ중무역당사자들에게 무역계약체결시의 준거법선택에 관한 실무상의 유용한 지침과 유의점을 제시하고자 한다.
무역계약에서 준거법의 결정은 매우 중요하다. 왜냐하면 그것이 어떻게 결정되느냐에 따라 무역계약과 관련된 분쟁의 해결결과가 달라질 수 있기 때문이다. 무역계약에서 준거법의 결정방법은 분쟁의 해결방법이 소송이냐 중재이냐에 따라 규칙의 면에서 다소 상이한 체계를 가지는데, 본 논문에서는 전자에 한해 논의를 전개한다. 소송으로 분쟁을 해결할 경우 무역계약의 준거법은 국제사법의 원칙에 따라 결정하게 된다. 중국은 “중국섭외민사관계법률적용법”이 제정되어 2011년 4월 1일부터 발효되면서 처음으로 단행법으로서의 국제사법을 가지게 되었다. 그러나 현재 무역계약의 준거법결정에 관해서는 주로 종전의 중국의 국제사법관련법과 관련하여 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 새로이 발효된 “섭외민사관계법률적용법”과 종전의 중국의 국제사법관련법들을 검토하여 문헌연구의 방법으로 무역계약에서의 중국의 준거법결정제도에 대해 논의함으로써 이를 기초로 한ㆍ중무역당사자들에게 무역계약체결시의 준거법선택에 관한 실무상의 유용한 지침과 유의점을 제시하고자 한다.
It is very important to determine the governing law in international trade contract. This is because, depending on how the law is determined, the resolution of disputes over international trade contract may be different. In the case of resolution of dispute by litigation, the governing law for in...
It is very important to determine the governing law in international trade contract. This is because, depending on how the law is determined, the resolution of disputes over international trade contract may be different. In the case of resolution of dispute by litigation, the governing law for international trade contract shall be determined by the principles of private international law. China enforces “the people’s republic of china on the application of laws over foreign-related civil relationships” (“the Application of laws”) with the effect of April 1, 2011. Thus, this paper examines “the Application of Laws” and the existing private international law-related laws of China, discusses China’s governing law selection and determination system with regard to international trade contract, and accordingly provides Korea-China traders with working tips on the selection of governing law. Advices on the selection of governing law for international trade contract are outlined as follows. First, the governing law should be specified in writing, and also limitations by mandatory rules should be taken into consideration. Second, in the case of designating a governing law by “choice of proper law” and “incorporation of law by reference”, the two should be distinguished and designated and, when stipulating them in the contract, the scope of application should be specifically defined. And, in the case of by “incorporation of law by reference”, the rules version or convention version applicable to the contract should be distinctively specified. Third, the governing law should specify not principles of private international law of a particular nation but the substantial law. Fourth, In the case of a foreign law having been designated as the governing law, such foreign law should not violate the public policy of China, and should be related to the disputes over the contract. If the foreign law is irrelevant to the dispute, China’s law will apply. Fifth, in the case of dividing and designating the governing, such division and designation should be logical and consistent, not conflicting with each other. Sixth, if the parties agree to designate China’s law as the governing law or if, without the designation of governing law by the parties, China’s law is designated as the governing law according to the principle of the closest relevancy, international convention, which is ether concluded or signed up for as a signatory by China, will apply. Also, it should be noted that if relevant provisions do not exist in China’s law and international convention, international usage may apply. Seventh, in the case of the international trade contract being a contracts for the international sale of goods, to apply CISG to the contract as the governing law, CISG should be specified in the contract. And, if the parties specify China’s law as the governing law in the contract, and if, without designation of the governing law by the parties, China’s law is designated as the governing law according to the principle of the closest relevancy, it should be noted that CISG may apply to the contract.
It is very important to determine the governing law in international trade contract. This is because, depending on how the law is determined, the resolution of disputes over international trade contract may be different. In the case of resolution of dispute by litigation, the governing law for international trade contract shall be determined by the principles of private international law. China enforces “the people’s republic of china on the application of laws over foreign-related civil relationships” (“the Application of laws”) with the effect of April 1, 2011. Thus, this paper examines “the Application of Laws” and the existing private international law-related laws of China, discusses China’s governing law selection and determination system with regard to international trade contract, and accordingly provides Korea-China traders with working tips on the selection of governing law. Advices on the selection of governing law for international trade contract are outlined as follows. First, the governing law should be specified in writing, and also limitations by mandatory rules should be taken into consideration. Second, in the case of designating a governing law by “choice of proper law” and “incorporation of law by reference”, the two should be distinguished and designated and, when stipulating them in the contract, the scope of application should be specifically defined. And, in the case of by “incorporation of law by reference”, the rules version or convention version applicable to the contract should be distinctively specified. Third, the governing law should specify not principles of private international law of a particular nation but the substantial law. Fourth, In the case of a foreign law having been designated as the governing law, such foreign law should not violate the public policy of China, and should be related to the disputes over the contract. If the foreign law is irrelevant to the dispute, China’s law will apply. Fifth, in the case of dividing and designating the governing, such division and designation should be logical and consistent, not conflicting with each other. Sixth, if the parties agree to designate China’s law as the governing law or if, without the designation of governing law by the parties, China’s law is designated as the governing law according to the principle of the closest relevancy, international convention, which is ether concluded or signed up for as a signatory by China, will apply. Also, it should be noted that if relevant provisions do not exist in China’s law and international convention, international usage may apply. Seventh, in the case of the international trade contract being a contracts for the international sale of goods, to apply CISG to the contract as the governing law, CISG should be specified in the contract. And, if the parties specify China’s law as the governing law in the contract, and if, without designation of the governing law by the parties, China’s law is designated as the governing law according to the principle of the closest relevancy, it should be noted that CISG may apply to the contract.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.