초록

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Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

In this paper, I argue that it is necessary to distinguish emotion from feeling and that fishes can have emotions but not conscious feelings of them. For example, emotion of fear and conscious feeling of it are different from each other. When a dentist put me under local anesthesia and drills my t...

In this paper, I argue that it is necessary to distinguish emotion from feeling and that fishes can have emotions but not conscious feelings of them. For example, emotion of fear and conscious feeling of it are different from each other. When a dentist put me under local anesthesia and drills my tooth I can have my cheek tingled but not feel feared. The tingled cheek is an emotional response of fear and different from conscious feeling of it. First of all, it is the well-established principle that fishes don"t have neocortex. Secondly, the activities of the amygdala of tetrapod or the amygdaloid complex of fishes would not be conscious if they were not recorded on neocortex. Thirdly, sensation of pain, emotion of fear, and associative learning of fishes are controlled by the brain stem and spinal cord without consciousness by neocortex. Lastly, the hypothesis that the pallium of the telecephalon of fishes can replace neocortex of mammals is controversial. Therefore, fishes can have emotion of fear but not conscious feeling of it.

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