The receptive route of the protestant church in Korea might be summarized mainly in three ways; first, through China, second, through the United States of America, and third, through Japan. When early Korean protestants who received a gospel in China came back to home town and also American missio...
The receptive route of the protestant church in Korea might be summarized mainly in three ways; first, through China, second, through the United States of America, and third, through Japan. When early Korean protestants who received a gospel in China came back to home town and also American missionaries came to Korea in order to preach a gospel, they brought them with their protestant hymns. The first hymn sung in Korean territory was the Chinese hymn which was sung through Korean pronunciation from the Chinese character and then through the translated hymn in Korean language. After that the English hymn was sung directly in English first and then in Korean. The protestant hymn appeared during the Civilization Period as the signal which informed to start the Western music was sung at the music class when Christian missionary schools were opened in Korea. The hymn sung generally in Christian worship was used as a music textbook for the music class at the Christian school; thus, early music class was managed for a while as the class for the hymn singing at the Christian school. Most of early Christians studied hymn singing at the Sunday School, the Revival, or the chapel choir. On the other hand, choir members in particular studied to sing the hymn with four vocal parts; as a result, the level of church music at that time has been improved through them. Some of hymnals, such as 『Chanmi-ga』, 『Chanyang-ga』, and 『Chansyoung- si』 have been used as the only music textbook for the elementary school because there was no other music book for the Chang-ga class before coming out 『Chang-ga Jib for the Elementary School』. As a result, this thing played the important role of the promotion to be developed the formal music textbook controled by the Korean government, and eventually it was published. The reception of the hymn influenced lots of musical aspects into the school songs, the church songs, and other songs for adults during the Civilization Period. At that time some hymns which were got out of primary purpose of religion were sung broadly in various places, such as dormitory, playground, and alleyway, etc. People changed the words or attached different words to the melody of the hymn and even replaced a similar melody to the original melody; as a result, the new pattern of the song so-called “Chang-ga”, which was a song with secular words attached to the original melody or similar melody, was modified from the hymn. This Chang-ga might be called generally as the representative song of the late Civilization Period because it was widely sung among various people regardless of sex or age in this period. A sort of Chang-ga, such as Aekook-ga, Kyemong-ga, Doklipkoon-ga, Youn-ga, etc. was very similar to the hymn in some aspects about musical styles and the rhythm of words; as a reason, the Chang-ga as the representative song of the society during the Civilization Period was greatly influenced by the hymn. The Chang-ga is composed of 4 phrases or 6 phrases, and it contains a simple rhythmic pattern and also the progressive pattern of the melody similar to the hymn. In addition, the similarities between the hymn and the Chang-ga can be found in the rhythm of the verse; that is, the Chang-ga has 4·4, 3·3, 3·4, and 3·3·5 frames of the verse as the same used in the hymn. The Chang-ga influenced directly by the hymn hereafter has been developing gradually into Korean popular song with secular words, an art song with lyric poem, a children"s song with the poem including the child"s mind. After 1920, the musical styles such as the popular song, the art song, and the children"s song have firmed further musically.
The receptive route of the protestant church in Korea might be summarized mainly in three ways; first, through China, second, through the United States of America, and third, through Japan. When early Korean protestants who received a gospel in China came back to home town and also American missionaries came to Korea in order to preach a gospel, they brought them with their protestant hymns. The first hymn sung in Korean territory was the Chinese hymn which was sung through Korean pronunciation from the Chinese character and then through the translated hymn in Korean language. After that the English hymn was sung directly in English first and then in Korean. The protestant hymn appeared during the Civilization Period as the signal which informed to start the Western music was sung at the music class when Christian missionary schools were opened in Korea. The hymn sung generally in Christian worship was used as a music textbook for the music class at the Christian school; thus, early music class was managed for a while as the class for the hymn singing at the Christian school. Most of early Christians studied hymn singing at the Sunday School, the Revival, or the chapel choir. On the other hand, choir members in particular studied to sing the hymn with four vocal parts; as a result, the level of church music at that time has been improved through them. Some of hymnals, such as 『Chanmi-ga』, 『Chanyang-ga』, and 『Chansyoung- si』 have been used as the only music textbook for the elementary school because there was no other music book for the Chang-ga class before coming out 『Chang-ga Jib for the Elementary School』. As a result, this thing played the important role of the promotion to be developed the formal music textbook controled by the Korean government, and eventually it was published. The reception of the hymn influenced lots of musical aspects into the school songs, the church songs, and other songs for adults during the Civilization Period. At that time some hymns which were got out of primary purpose of religion were sung broadly in various places, such as dormitory, playground, and alleyway, etc. People changed the words or attached different words to the melody of the hymn and even replaced a similar melody to the original melody; as a result, the new pattern of the song so-called “Chang-ga”, which was a song with secular words attached to the original melody or similar melody, was modified from the hymn. This Chang-ga might be called generally as the representative song of the late Civilization Period because it was widely sung among various people regardless of sex or age in this period. A sort of Chang-ga, such as Aekook-ga, Kyemong-ga, Doklipkoon-ga, Youn-ga, etc. was very similar to the hymn in some aspects about musical styles and the rhythm of words; as a reason, the Chang-ga as the representative song of the society during the Civilization Period was greatly influenced by the hymn. The Chang-ga is composed of 4 phrases or 6 phrases, and it contains a simple rhythmic pattern and also the progressive pattern of the melody similar to the hymn. In addition, the similarities between the hymn and the Chang-ga can be found in the rhythm of the verse; that is, the Chang-ga has 4·4, 3·3, 3·4, and 3·3·5 frames of the verse as the same used in the hymn. The Chang-ga influenced directly by the hymn hereafter has been developing gradually into Korean popular song with secular words, an art song with lyric poem, a children"s song with the poem including the child"s mind. After 1920, the musical styles such as the popular song, the art song, and the children"s song have firmed further musically.
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