초록 ▼

도축돈의 slaughter check 대상 gross lesion의 선정 및 객관적인 평가기준을 마련하기 위한 scoring systems을 구체화함과 아울러 seromonitoring기법을 set- up하여 적용성을 검토하고 국내 종돈장과 비육양돈장의 출하돈을 대상으로 계절별 또는 반기별로 herd health surveillance를 실시하여 현황을 파악함과 아울러 herd health improvement program을 위한 기틀을 마련하기 위하여 다음과 같은 내용의 연구를 수행하였다.
1. 연구개발의 내용
1)

도축돈의 slaughter check 대상 gross lesion의 선정 및 객관적인 평가기준을 마련하기 위한 scoring systems을 구체화함과 아울러 seromonitoring기법을 set- up하여 적용성을 검토하고 국내 종돈장과 비육양돈장의 출하돈을 대상으로 계절별 또는 반기별로 herd health surveillance를 실시하여 현황을 파악함과 아울러 herd health improvement program을 위한 기틀을 마련하기 위하여 다음과 같은 내용의 연구를 수행하였다.
1. 연구개발의 내용
1) Lesion monitoring 과 seromonitoring 을 위한 Sample 선정
guideline 선정
Sample population
Individual animal sample
Sample size 등에 대하여 literature review를 통하여 guideline을 선정
2) Monitoring 대상질병 및 조건 확정
PigMon Slaughter Surveillance Procedures 적용성 검토 및 확정
Sarcoptic mange, Ascaris liver spots, Pneumonia, Pleurisy, Pericarditis, Peritonitis, Pleuropneumonia, Ileitis, Atrophic rhinitis 등에 대한 lesion monitoring 방법을 구체화함
Seromonitoring system 구축
Aujeszky's disease, PRRS, Hog cholera, Swine influenza, Porcine parvovirus, Porcine myocarditis virus, Japanese B encephalitis, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Atrophic rhinitis, Swine brucellosis, Toxoplasmosis 등에 대한 seromonitoring system을 구축함
3) Lesion Monitoring Procedures 확대적용
종돈장 및 비육양돈장 출하돈에 대한 PigMon Slaughter Check에 의한 disease surveillance
대한양돈협회 종돈능력검정소 출품 종돈장에 대한 slaughter check
비육양돈농장의 출하돈에 대하여 계절별 또는 반기별로 slaughter check
4) 종돈장과 비육양돈장 출하돈의 seromonitoring
Aujeszky's disease, PRRS, Hog cholera, Swine influenza, Porcine parvovirus, Porcine myocarditis virus, Japanese B encephalitis, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Atrophic rhinitis, Swine brucellosis, Toxoplasmosis 등에 대한 seromonitoring을 실시함
2. 연구개발 범위
1) 종돈장 출하돈 및 검정불합격돈의 slaughter check 8개 종돈장의 출하돈에 대한 lesion monitoring 및 종돈능력검정소 검정 불합격돈의 lesion monitoring
2) 일반비육농장출하돈의 slaughter check
3) 호흡기 병변으로부터 호기성균의 분리동정 및 antibiogram profiling
4) 종돈장 및 검정불합격돈의 seromonitoring
5) 일반비육농장 출하돈의 seromonitoring
6) 종돈장 및 비육농장(수출농장) 출하돈의 호흡기질병의 viral agent 추적 조사
7) 출하돈의 salmonella 오염도 조사
8) Slaughter check을 이용한 양돈장 위생관리

Abstract ▼

Many of the diseases that affect grower-finisher pig performance and productivity do not cause observable signs of disease. In severe cases, pigs with pneumonia will look depressed, refuse to eat and develop an obvious cough, but many pigs will perform poorly when suffering milder symptoms. It can b

Many of the diseases that affect grower-finisher pig performance and productivity do not cause observable signs of disease. In severe cases, pigs with pneumonia will look depressed, refuse to eat and develop an obvious cough, but many pigs will perform poorly when suffering milder symptoms. It can be difficult to distinguish these sub-clinically affected pigs from healthy ones, yet their performance may significantly reduce piggery profitability. Abattoir monitoring of a disease allows a more accurate assessment of disease levels, by evaluating the lesions of disease and not the signs. It is quick, reliable way of measuring the level of disease in a group of pigs, and supplements on farm assessment such as death, daily feed intake, growth rate and others.
The health status of pigs can be quantified during their most costly phase of production, the grow/ finish phase, by monitoring arange of organ systems from a representative sample of pigs taken from the grow/ finish population. Thus monitoring of pathological conditions in slaughter pigs plays an important role in providing an effective veterinary service to commercial pig herds. The national slaughter surveillance schemes developed in Scandinavia contributed significantly to the ongoing international trend away from individual animal health management to a herd-and industry-based approach.
The increasing intensification of production systems and rising social pressures for as surances on animal welfare and product safety will likely make disease surveillance at slaughter an essential component of effective pig herd health management. The primary objective of slaughter pig monitoring has been to improve the diagnosis of subclinical diseases, so action can be taken to decrease disease on a herd basis. Secondary objectives have been to providea cost effective mechanism for reducing losses during growth and processing and to decrease the herd-to-herd spread of diseasesvia the ongoing monitoring of breeding stock source herds. Such surveillance schemes also have been aimed at minimizing the use of antibiotics and reducing the risk of residues. Abattoir monitoring for this purpose is now used in several countries and is an integral part of the National Pig Herd Health Scheme in Scandinavian countries, many European countries including Great Britain, Aus tralia and North America.
This paper describes a similar slaughter pig monitoring scheme developed in Korea and reports the res ults from the initial trials of operation. Pig health monitoring can only provide a profile of diseases in finishing pigs. The accuracy of interpreting results depends on how many pigs are inspected. The number of pigs inspected in each batch is determined by the size of the herd and is calculated so that at least one positive will be detected if the disease is present in the herd at a prevalence of $\geq$10%, and so the within herd prevalence of disease can be estimated with an accuracy of 10%(90% confidence level).
Gross lesions monitored in the present study include those conditions commonly associated with economically significant subclinical herd infections : pneumonia, pleurisy, pericarditis, peritonitis, pleuropneumonia, sarcoptic mange, ascaris liver spots, ileitis, and atrophic rhinitis. The lesions and scoring systems used for conditions routinely monitored have been described in some detail. The morphology of lesions monitored in the present study has been described by Piointon et al.(1992) and Straw et al.(1986b); other lesions were classified by criteria used in slaughter monitoring schemes operating in Australia(Pointon et al., 1987). However, methods for conducting theslaughter inspections need to be adapted to the chain speed and working facilities at individual plants. A total of 1,036 slaughter pigs of which 633 pigs were from 9 breeders including Swine Testing Station and the remaining 403 from 7 farrow-to-finish fattening herds were investigated according to the slaughter check procedures established and the results obtained are as follows.
No herds involved in the present study were free from enzootic pneumonic lesions. The prevalence of enzootic pneumonia in breeders and fattening farms were 47.6%, and 70.7%, respectively and mean pneumonic scores 3.4, 6.4, respectively. Typical pleuropneumonic lesions were detected from both breeders and fatteners with the rate of 7.6% and 13.4%, respectively indicating that the condition is prevalent throughout the industry. Incidence of atrophic rhinitis was 38.2% for breeders and 47.2% for fatteners and mean rhinitis score of 1.16 and 1.49 were recorded for breeders and fatteners, respectively. Fourteen among 16(87.5%) herds had ascaris infestation and 72.7%(8/11 herds ) of herds monitored had sarcoptic mange problems. As herd prevalence increasesso does the severity of lesions, some trials needed to relate severity of pathology to performance. All of the herds investigated had ileitis problems and mean herd prevalence of the condition was 16.7%(range 6.7~27,3%).
Respiratory pathogens such as Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus suis, Haemophilus parasuis and Actinomyces pyogenes were recovered from pneumonic lung of slaughter pigs of almos tall farms. Their antibiograms were investigated and forwarded to producers for proper management of respiratory diseases of their own farm. Salmonella organisms were isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes of slaughter pigs with mean prevalence of 16.2%(range 7.1~29.4%) and the three most frequently isolated serotypes in the order of frequency were S. typhimurium, S. reading and S. derby.
A detailed report was forwarded to producers showing the prevalence of each disease in the batch of pigs examined and the severity of the more important conditions. The results of the previous inspection are compared so that the effect of any management changes or treatments given could be evaluated. A preliminary result with a limited trial indicated thaTherd health could be improved by the proper implementation of control measures for endemic diseaseses tablished according to slaughter check and seromonitoring results, although further work is needed to prove the benefit of the health scheme for the industry as a whole.
Swine sero-monitoring technique was succes fully developed and this technique in slaughter house provided invaluable information to understand health status of the farm and for the disease control. Seven viral disease and 5 bacterial diseases were selected for the standardization of the sero-monitoring technique in the research.
Sero-monitoring provided very important clue for the identification of the notifiable disease infected animals and their origin. Aujeszky's disease sero-positive pigs were identified in a slaughter house located in Kyoung pook by ELISA test and subsequently these animals found to be submitted from a swine farm in Kyounggi-do area. A contagious infectious disease hog cholera virus infection considered to be the most important disease to the swine industry in Korea and government launched eradication program but sero-monitoring showed that this effort may not be successful because of malpractice in vaccination and wide spread non-vaccinated animals throughout the country. Data generated from sero-monitoring would provide effective vaccination program and identification of the non-vaccinated herd for the successfuler a dication program policy. We believe that sero-monitoring result to many viral and bacterial disease include HC, ADV, PRRSV, JEV, EMCV, PPV, T GEV, AR, P. multocida, A P P, Mycoplasma, and SE play a pivotal role for the improvement of the health status in Korean swine industry. Farms exporting pork to foreign country had animals with sero-positive to toxoplasmosis and other zoonotic diseases. This result raised concern in public health and necessities in effective control measures to these diseases.
Conclusively, sero-monitoring technique was success fully developed and applied for the control of the infectious diseases in swine industry. Data collected from sero-monitoring were crucial for the environment friendly swine industry operation and guideline for the disease control as well as healthy pork production for the consumer.

목차 Contents

• 최종보고서초록...1
• 표지...4
• 제출문...5
• 요약문...6
• Summary...25
• 목차...31
• 제1장 서 론...32
• 제2장 PigMon Slaughter Check 구성요소 분석 및 Procedures 확립...38
• 제1절 서 설...38
• 제2절 연구추진 방법...39
• 제3절 연구 결과 및 고찰...39
• 제4절 적 요...55
• 제3장 출하돈의 Slaughter Check에 의한 양돈장 위생관리...59
• 제1절 서 설...59
• 제2절 재료 및 방법...61
• 제3절 결 과...66
• 제4절 고 찰...82
• 제5절 적 요...91
• 제4장 도축돈의 seromonitoring 방법 확립 및 혈청학적 역학조사...95
• 제1절 도축돈의 seromonitoring 방법 확립...95
• 제2절 도축돈의 seromonitoring 결과 및 분석...126
• 제3절 수출돈 출하 양돈장의 도축돈 seromonitoring 결과 및 분석...156
• 제4절 적 요...161
• 제5장 참고문헌...162
• Appendix 1. Example of Slaughter Check Report...177