보고서 정보
주관연구기관 |
국립축산과학원 National Institute of Animal Science |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 |
한국어
|
발행년월 | 2014-02 |
과제시작연도 |
2011 |
주관부처 |
농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration(RDA) |
연구관리전문기관 |
농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration |
등록번호 |
TRKO201400011068 |
과제고유번호 |
1395022494 |
사업명 |
FTA대응 경쟁력향상기술개발 |
DB 구축일자 |
2014-07-05
|
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201400011068 |
초록
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Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
<제1세부연구과제> : 육계 출하 시 고온에 따른 도체품질 저하방지 기술개발
육계 출하 2일 전부터 전해물질을 급여한 후 출하 직전에 혈액을 채취하고 출하 시 고온 수송 스트레스를 받게한 후 닭의 혈액을 채취하였고, 도계 후 닭고기 도체 특성을 조사하여 전해질 종류(NaHCO3, KCl, NaCl) 및 급여수준에 따라 혈액 및 도체 특성을 구명하였다. 결론적으로 고온에서 육계 출하시 수송 스트레스를 저하시키고 닭고기의 품질을 높이기 위하여 전해물질(NaHCO3, NaCl, KCl)을 고루 혼합한 처리 4
Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
<제1세부연구과제> : 육계 출하 시 고온에 따른 도체품질 저하방지 기술개발
육계 출하 2일 전부터 전해물질을 급여한 후 출하 직전에 혈액을 채취하고 출하 시 고온 수송 스트레스를 받게한 후 닭의 혈액을 채취하였고, 도계 후 닭고기 도체 특성을 조사하여 전해질 종류(NaHCO3, KCl, NaCl) 및 급여수준에 따라 혈액 및 도체 특성을 구명하였다. 결론적으로 고온에서 육계 출하시 수송 스트레스를 저하시키고 닭고기의 품질을 높이기 위하여 전해물질(NaHCO3, NaCl, KCl)을 고루 혼합한 처리 4, 5구가 비교적 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 7월 중순∼8월 중순(32∼33일령)의 폭염기 동안 육계는 출하 전 4시간 이내로 절식 후 출하하고 03:00-06:00 사이에 출하하는 것이 우수함을 구명하였다.
<제1협동과제> : 고온 노출시 육계의 생리적 변화 구명 연구
주령이 다른 육계가 고온에 노출되었을 때 주령이 높을수록 고온의 영향을 더 많이 받아 생산성이 저하되었다. 주령이 높은 육계의 경우 어린 육계보다 폭염에 대한 저항성이 낮았고 폭염 기간 동안 다시 회복하는 능력 또한 차이가 낮았다. 사전열적응이 반복적인 열스레스에 노출된 육계의 열스트레스를 경감시키지 못하였다. 계통에 따른 육계의 반응도 달랐다. 같은 일령의 경우 및 체중의 경우, 아바에이커는 한협 3호보다 고온에 대한 영향을 더 많이 받았다. 따라서 닭의 나이가 많은 계체일수록 폭염스트레스 저항성이 약하며, 도입육계가 토종닭보다 폭염에 더 약하므로 같은 정도의 폭염이라면 도입육계에 대한 사양관리에 더 주의를 기울여야 한다. 또한 폭염의 첫째 날에 대부분의 폐사계가 발생되므로 폭염 첫날의 사양관리는 매우 중요하다.
<제2협동과제 : 사육단계별 폭염에 대한 육계의 적응능력 향상위한 사육 기술 구명>
폭염환경에 노출된 육계에게 역전점등과 함께 대두유 5%, 당밀 2%, 메티 오닌과 라이신을 각각 0.45% 및 비타민 C 200 ppm를 이용하여 제조한 폭염 사료의 야간 제한급여와 함께 역전점등(10:00-19:00 소등, 19:00-10:00 점등) 및 9℃의 냉각수를 공급해주면 성장능력을 개선할 수 있다는 새로운 사실을 발견하였다. 이는 역전점등으로 인한 낮 동안의 활동량 감소 및 야간 제한급여로 인한 폭염 시 대사열 발생량 감소, 냉각수 공급에 의한 체온상승을 억제하고 폭염 저항성 영양소 축적으로 인한 열 스트레스 저항성을 높여주는 작용기전으로 나타났다.
Abstract
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The present study, which was conducted to understand physiological responses to heat stress and to develop skills to minimize damage from heat stress in broilers, consists of three sections of research directions: the first section is the effects of feeding electrolytes on blood and carcass traits i
The present study, which was conducted to understand physiological responses to heat stress and to develop skills to minimize damage from heat stress in broilers, consists of three sections of research directions: the first section is the effects of feeding electrolytes on blood and carcass traits in broilers under intense heat condition in summer; the second one involves the physiological effects in broilers exposed to heat stress; and the last one is related to the study on development of improved feeding technology for broiler chickens exposed to extreme heat weather. The overall results show that through modulation of electrolytes, feed, and cooling water or via their combinations, it is possible to minimize the damage of heat stress in broilers. The results of the present study are as follows:
○ Title: Effects of feeding electrolytes on blood and carcass traits in broilers under intense heat condition in summer
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding electrolytes on blood and carcass traits of broiler exposed under intense heat condition during transportation in summer. Broilers, reared for 33 d, were used in the current study when the outside temperature was about 32℃ to provide heat stressed environment, and fed with electrolytes (NaHCO3, NaCl, KCl, or their combinations) for 2 days. Treatments were as follows: control (feeding water); T1 (NaHCO3 (1.0%) + NaCl (0.5%)); T2 (KCl (0.5%) + NaCl (0.5%)); T3 (KCl (1.0%) + NaCl (0.5%); T4 (KCl (0.5%) + NaHCO3 (1.0%) + NaCl (0.5%)); and T5 (KCl (1.0%) + NaHCO3 (1.0%) + NaCl (0.5%)). pH of chicken meat in T3 was highest when compared with the rest of treatments. Frequency rates (%) of 1+ quality grade were 33.3, 60.0 and 83.3% for control, T3, T4 and T5, respectively.
Occurrence rates of PSE were 50% for control and 13.3% for T5.
Plasma corticosterone concentrations were increased during the post-harvest period compared to the pre-harvest period and had small disparity between pre-and post-harvest only except for T3 when compared to control. pCO2 was low in all treatments during the pre-harvest period by heat stress, compared with control, and those of T4 and T5 were low compared with the others.
○ Title: Physiological effects in broilers exposed to heat stress
When exposed to heat stress, broilers aged by two weeks older showed more severe reduction in performance than those younger by two weeks.
The former were less resistant than the latter to heat stress and their recovery from heat stress was much slow. Heat conditioning, which was induced at the age of day 5, failed to bestrow heat resistance when exposed to heat stress later in life. There were strain effects on heat stress with Hanhyup-3, a Korean native chicken, being more resistant than Arbor Acres when exposed to heat stress both at the same age and the same body weight. The results of the present study showed that the younger chickens were more resistant than the older when exposed to heat stress and that Korean native birds were more tolerant to heat stress than commercial broilers. Most of mortality was found on the first day of heat stress, suggesting the importance of the first day in management.
○ Title: The study on development of improved feeding technology for broiler chickens in extreme heat weather
Experiment1. Effects of extreme heat diet on growth performance of broiler chickens under hot weather with continuous lighting.
In this study, the effect of extreme heat diet on growth performance, lymphoid organ, blood immunoglobulin and cecum microflora change in broilers exposed to continuous lighting and extreme heat stress (EHS) was studied. Broilers raised under normal environment temperature (25℃ or extreme heat stress temperature (33±2℃, and consumed chow diet (CD) or extreme heat stress diet (EHSD). Five hundred Ross 308 day-old commercial broilers were arranged in a completely randomized block design of 5 treatment groups with 4 repetitions (25 heads per repetition pen). The broilers were divided into: T1 (normal environment + CD); T2 (EHS + CD); T3 (EHS + EHSD in which tallow in CD was substituted with soy oil and contained 5% molasses); T4 (EHS + EHSD in which tallow in CD was substituted with soy oil and contained 5% molasses, and 1.5 times more methionine and lysine than CD); and T5 (EHS + EHSD in which tallow in CD was substituted by soy oil, contained 5% molasses, 1.5 times more methionine and lysine than CD, and 300 ppm of vitamin C). EHS significantly reduced body weight gain and feed intake. Blood immunoglobulin concentrations and weights of the bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen were significantly reduced in birds exposed to EHS. Compared with the normal environment temperature group, cecum Lactobacillus sp. was low but Escherichia sp., Salmonella sp. and total aerobic bacteria were high in the EHS groups. A statistically significant difference was acknowledged between the treatment groups. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggests that the EHSD, prepared with soy oil, molasses, methionine, lysine and vitamin C, was not beneficial to growth performance of broilers exposed to continuous lighting and EHS. Therefore, to develop an EHSD that can help broilers cope with EHS, more study with or without cooling water and light control is required.
Experiment 2. Effects of night restricted feeding of extreme heat diet on growth performance of broiler under hot weather
The effects of feeding broilers, exposed to extreme heat stress (EHS, 33±2C) and provided with extreme heat stress diet (EHSD) containing an adequate amount of soy oil and other nutrients, on growth performance were investigated in this study. Five hundred, day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomized into five dietary treatment groups according to a randomized block design. Each group was further divided into four pens with 25 birds per pen. Treatment groups were: T1 (Normal ambient condition + chow diet (CD); T2 (extreme heat stress (EHS) + CD); T3 (EHS + extreme heat stress diet (EHSD) prepared from CD with tallow replaced with soy oil and containing 2% molasses); T4 (EHS + EHSD prepared from CD with tallow replaced with soy oil and containing molasses 2% and methionine and lysine of 1.5 times greater quantities than in CD); and T5 (EHS + EHSD prepared from CD with tallow replaced with soy oil and containing molasses 2%, methionine and lysine of 1.5 times greater quantities than in CD, and vitamin C 200 ppm). Body weight gain was significantly increased in T4 and T5 as compared with that in T1 and T2. Weights of the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen were similar among all groups. Serum concentrations of IgG, IgG and IgM were higher in T4 and T5 than in T1 and T2, but their corticosterone concentrations decreased significantly. Lactobacillus increased but Escherichia, coliform, and total aerobic bacteria significantly decreased in the cecum of T4 and T5, compared with those in T1 and T2. Contents of acetic acid, propionic acid and total SCFA were significantly higher in T4 and T5 than in T1 and T2. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that restricted feeding of the extreme heat stress diet containing soy oil 5%, molasses 2%, methionine 0.45%, lysine 0.45% and vitamin C 200 ppm under night lightings can improve growth performance of broilers exposed to extreme heat stress. This means that the extreme heat stress diet stimulates an increase in serum immunoglobulin and short chain fatty acids in the cecum and proliferation of beneficial Lactobacillus while repressing growth of harmful microorganisms in the cecum.
Experiment 3. Effects of inverse lighting and extreme heat diet on growth performance in broilers exposed to extreme heat stress The effects of restricted feeding of extreme heat diets (EHD 1 and 2) and an inverse lighting program on growth performance were tested in broilers exposed to extreme heat stress. EHD contained different amounts of soy oil, molasses, methionine, lysine and vitamin C. Three hundred day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomized into four dietary treatment groups according to a randomized block design.
Treatment groups were T1 (EHD 1, 10:00-19:00 dark, 19:00-10:00 light); T2 (EHD 2, 10:00-19:00 dark, 19:00-10:00 light); T3 (EHD 1, 09:00-18:00 dark, 18:00-09:00 light); and T4 (EHD 2, 09:00-18:00 dark, 18:00-09:00 light). Body weight gain of broilers increased most significantly in T2, followed by T1, T4 and T3 (p< 0.05). Weights of the thymus and bursa of Fabricius were higher in T1 and T2 than in T3 and T4. The spleen was heavier in T1, T2 and T3 than in T4 (p< 0.05). Blood triglyceride, total cholesterol and blood sugar were higher in T1 and T2 than in T3 and T4 (p< 0.05). LDL-C were high in the order of T4, T3, T2 and T1, but HDL-C showed an inverse order (p< 0.05). Concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM were higher in T1 and T2 than in T3 and T4, however, corticosterone concentrations showed an inverse order (p< 0.05).
Lactobacillus in feces was higher in T1 and T2 than in T3 and T4, but total aerobic bacteria, E. coli, and Coliform bacteria were higher in T4 and T3 than in T2 and T1 (p< 0.05). Contents of acetic acid, propionic acid and total short chain fatty acids were significantly higher in the order of T2, T1, T3 and T4. Butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid were higher in T4 and T3 than in T1 and T2 (p< 0.05). In conclusion, the current results showed that an inverse lightening (9D:15L, 10:00-19:00 dark, 19:00-10:00 light) with night feed restriction of an EHSD could improve growth performance of broilers exposed to EHS.
Experiment 4. Effects of cooling water and inverse lighting on growth performance of broiler chickens under extreme heat stress In the present experiment, we evaluated how extreme heat stress diet (EHD), inverse lighting, and cool water temperature affect growth performance in broilers. Four treatment groups were used: T1 (EHD 1, 10:00-19:00 dark, 19:00-10:00 light, cold water 9℃); T2 (EHD 2, 10:00-19:00 dark, 19:00-10:00 light, cold water 9℃); T3 (EHD1, 09:00-18:00 dark, 18:00-09:00 light, cold water 14℃); and T4 (EHD2, 09:00-18:00 dark, 18:00-09:00 light, cold water 14℃). EHD 1 contained soybean oil, molasses, methionine and lysine but EHD 2 contained the same ingredients as EHD 1 but with the addition of vitamin C. T1 and T2 were given cooler water than the other two groups, and displayed higher body weight increase and feed intake compared to T3 and T4 (p< 0.05). Weights of the liver and gizzard were similar, but those of the thymus and the bursa of Fabricius were higher in T1 and T2 (p< 0.05).
Higher concentrations of blood triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C and blood sugar were detected in T1 and T2 compared with those of T3 and T4, however, T3 and T4 had higher LDL-C concentrations (p< 0.05). T1 and T2 displayed higher concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM compared with those of T3 and T4, but corticosterone concentrations were lower in T1 and T2 (p< 0.05). T1 and T2 had a higher amount of fecal Lactobacillus compared with T3 and T4 whereas T3 and T4 contained a higher amount of fecal E. coli, total aerobic bacteria and coliform bacteria (p< 0.05). T1 and T2 displayed higher concentrations of cecal total short chain fatty acids, acetic acid and propionic acid, but T3 and T4 displayed higher concentrations of butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid (p< 0.05). These results indicate that broilers fed an EHD and cold water and exposed to inverse lighting, can improve blood lipid profiles, and elevate the production of immunity substances, beneficial microorganisms, and short chain fatty acids. These provisions could also reduce the blood sugar consumption which will improve the growth performance of the broiler chickens exposed to extreme heat stress. In conclusion, the results of the current study showed that growth performance in broiler chickens under extreme heat stress can be improved by providing a diet containing anti-heat stress nutrients such as soybean oil, molasses, methionine, lysine and vitamin C during dark periods, and by providing inverse lighting (10:00-19:00 dark, 19:00-10:00 light) along with 9℃ cold water.
목차 Contents
- 표지 ... 1
- 제출문 ... 2
- 요약문 ... 3
- SUMMARY ... 8
- 목차 ... 14
- 제 1 장 서 론 ... 15
- 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 16
- 제 3 장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 18
- <제1세부연구과제> : 육계 출하 시 고온에 따른 도체품질 저하방지 기술개발 ... 18
- 제 4 장 연구개발 목표 달성도 및 대외 기여도 ... 103
- 1절 : 목표대비 달성도 ... 103
- 2절 : 정량적 성과(논문게재, 특허출원, 기타) ... 104
- 제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 105
- * 추가 연구의 필요성, 타 연구에의 응용, 기업화 추진방안 ... 105
- * 현재 추진 중인 추가적인 논문게재, 산업재산권 출원 사항 등 ... 105
- 제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 106
- 제 7 장 기타 중요 변동사항 ... 107
- 제 8 장 국가과학기술종합정보시스템에 등록한 연구장비 현황 ... 108
- 제 9 장 참고문헌 ... 109
- 끝페이지 ... 119
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