초록 ▼

◦ 연구목적 및 필요성
- 목적: 극진동 구성요소 재현 및 관측을 통한 극지역 기후변화 원인 규명
- 필요성: 급변하는 극지기후변화를 진단하고, 극지 기후변화가 전지구 기후에 미치는 영향을 파악함에 따라 전지구 기후변화에서 극지의 역할 파악 필요
◦ 주요연구내용 및 범위
- 현장관측을 통한 서남극 대기순환, 기온, 성층권 오존 농도 파악
- 위성 및 지상 관측을 통해 극진동과 고층대기와의 상관관계 파악
- 수치 모델링을 통한 극지 기후변화 및 극진동의 변동성 재현 및 원인규명
- 극진동 구성요소

◦ 연구목적 및 필요성
- 목적: 극진동 구성요소 재현 및 관측을 통한 극지역 기후변화 원인 규명
- 필요성: 급변하는 극지기후변화를 진단하고, 극지 기후변화가 전지구 기후에 미치는 영향을 파악함에 따라 전지구 기후변화에서 극지의 역할 파악 필요
◦ 주요연구내용 및 범위
- 현장관측을 통한 서남극 대기순환, 기온, 성층권 오존 농도 파악
- 위성 및 지상 관측을 통해 극진동과 고층대기와의 상관관계 파악
- 수치 모델링을 통한 극지 기후변화 및 극진동의 변동성 재현 및 원인규명
- 극진동 구성요소 관측과 기후모의 자료의 상호 분석을 통하여 극진동 변동성에 대한 종합적인 이해
◦ 연구개발 결과
- 극진동 구성요소 변화 파악
- 산업혁명이후의 극진동 수치적 재현을 통한 극지 기후변화 기작 이해
- 극진동과 고층대기 온도변화와의 상관관계 파악
◦ 연구개발결과의 활용계획
- 미래 극지 기후변화 예측 및 중위도 기후변화 예측에 활용
- 남극 태평양권 연안의 기상 예보 및 기후변화 연구의 기초 자료로 활용

Abstract ▼

2. Objectives and necessities of the study
◦ Objectives
- This study aims at investigating the cause of the recent climate change occurred in the polar regions through numerical simulation and observation of components consisting of the Southern and Northern Annular Mode
◦ Necessities
-

2. Objectives and necessities of the study
◦ Objectives
- This study aims at investigating the cause of the recent climate change occurred in the polar regions through numerical simulation and observation of components consisting of the Southern and Northern Annular Mode
◦ Necessities
- Polar regions are sensitive to a change in external forcing because of the snow and ice covering the regions have the high reflectivity to the short wave radiation and the high-albedo has led to the larger climate response to the increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases since industrialization
- The ice-albedo feedback seems to be at work in the Arctic and the Antarctic peninsula, leading to the substantial warming in those regions, but in East Antarctica the surface is slightly cooler than before
- This anomalous cooling over East Antarctica in spite of the increase in greenhouse gases is known to be the strengthening of the increase in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) or Antarctic Oscillation associated with the reduction in ozone concentration, while the Northern Annular Mode (NAM) is getting weaker in recent decades and has contributed to the cold air outbreak in mid-latitude regions in winter
- Defined as the meridional pressure oscillation between mid-latitudes and high latitudes, the NAM phase change plays a critical role in the Arctic climate change and mid-latitude cold surges, while the SAM phase change influences the climate change over Antarctica and tropical cyclogenesis
- The short-term and long-term fluctuations of the NAM and SAM and how they are modulated need to be investigated through in-situ observation and numerical experiments
3. Outcome of the study
(1) Investigation of Annular Mode variability by external forcing change
◦ Analysis of the Annular Mode response to the change in greenhouse gas, ozone concentration
- Polar vortex calculation using ERA-Interim reanalysis data and total ozone column
- Correlation between ozone concentration and polar vortex
◦ Investigation of the relation between ENSO and SAM
- Investigation of the response of the SAM and polar vortex to the ENSO strength using NCAR Community Atmosphere Model version 3(CAM3)
- To give the effect of ENSO strength, the sea surface temperature was linearly increased in the tropics in 6 stages
- The largest variation in zonal-mean zonal wind occurs in 6th stage
◦ Proving the cause of dynamical processes to illustrate the SAM variability by ENSO strength
- Investigation for the synoptic-scale eddy activity and polar jet stream with ENSO strength
- Diagnose the eddy activity using Eliassen-Palm flux (EP flux) divergence
(2) Understanding the low atmosphere process
◦ Evaluation for the spatio-temporal variability of surface temperature and winds in west Antarctica
- Antarctic AWS observation network management and measurement for the wind strength and direction, surface temperature and humidity, pressure level
- The SAM component monitoring in the Sejong Station (62S) and Jangbogo Station (75S)
- Analysis for the surface pressure, winds, surface temperature in July of 2008~2012 with SAM Index: surface pressure is similar, but temperature and winds vary with latitude and topography
- Surface pressure over Lindsy Island and Terra Nova Bay shows higher correlation with the SAM Index
◦ Understanding of low atmosphere process between land and ocean in west Antarctica
- Operation of flux tower of eddy covariance method to measure fluxes between surface and atmosphere
- Analysis for the ocean-atmosphere boundary layer processes
- Examination for the aerosol characteristics and optical thickness by measuring aerosol using lidar installed in the icebreaker in 2011-2012
◦ Understanding of the effect of the SAM on climate over the Pacific sector
- The SAM index has a high correlation with surface temperature over the Sejong Station in winter (40%) and fall (35%), with Jangbogo station in winter(20%)
- In general, the SAM has high correlation with temperature over the Pacific sector of Antarctica in spring
(3) Investigation of the relation between the Annular Mode and upper atmosphere
◦ Investigation of atmospheric component influencing the upper atmosphere temperature
- Examination for the relation between meteor diffusivity and surrounding upper atmosphere environment such plasma density - Observation and satellite data suggest that the gravity wave activity around the Sejong Station is much stronger than other areas such as Rothera station nearby, especially in May and September
◦ Understanding the relation between stratosphere-mesosphere temperature and Annular Mode index
- Study of the correlation between Polar Cap Index as Annular Mode Index and mesosphere temperature observed at the Kiruna station, Sweden
- Investigation of the relation between stratospheric sudden warming and temperature at mososphere and lower thermosphere
(4) Study of planetary boundary layer based on observation
◦ Analysis of heat flux near sea ice at the Sejong Station
- Measurement of wind, temperature, and water vapor at the beach of the Sejong station using eddy covariance method
- usable data selection via quality control algorithm and classification of heat flux data according to wind direction
- In 2011 when sea ice extent is at peak, sensible heat flux between atmosphere and ocean is on average -10.4 Wm^-2 and latent heat flux is on average 2.4 Wm^-2, indicating the heat is transported to sea ice from atmosphere while water paper transfer from ocean to atmosphere
- In 2011 when sea ice is melting, sensible and latent heat fluxes are on average 14.2 Wm^-2 and 13.5 Wm^-2, indicating that the heat goes to atmosphere as well as water vapor by about 5 times larger than the time sea ice extent is largest
◦ Heat flux parameterization in numerical model with polar characteristics
- Sensitivity test of heat flux parameterization in the Antarctic peninsula using PolarWRF optimized for polar regions with two numerical experiments with different surface layer scheme for July, 2011
- Improvement of heat flux parameterization by the modification of snow/ice surface conditions
◦ Study of relation between heat flux and planetary boundary layer in polar regions
- Using ERA-Interim reanalysis data and ASR(Arctic System Reanalysis) data
◦ Analysis for the altitude of planetary boundary layer in the Arctic
- Using reanalysis and sounding data, analysis for the long-term Arctic planetary boundary layer
- Study on the role of sea ice and global warming in the planetary boundary layer characteristics in the Chuckchi and Kara Seas
◦ Sensitivity test of parameterization for the planetary boundary layer using PolarWRF model by changing PBL scheme(MYNN & YSU)

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제 출 문 ... 2
• 보고서 초록 ... 3
• 요 약 문 ... 4
• SUMMARY ... 14
• CONTENTS ... 20
• 목 차 ... 21
• 제 1 장 서론 ... 22
• 1.1 배경 및 필요성 ... 24
• 1.2 목적 및 연구 범위 ... 29
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 33
• 2.1 국내 기술개발 현황 ... 35
• 2.2 국외 기술개발 현황 ... 36
• 제 3 장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 39
• 3.1 극진동 재현 및 극지기후변화 이해 ... 41
• 3.2 극진동 구성 요소 관측 ... 126
• 3.3 저층-고층대기 상호작용 이해 ... 188
• 3.4 관측기반 극지역 대기경계층 연구 ... 254
• 제 4 장 연구개발 목표 달성도 및 대외 기여도 ... 313
• 제 5 장 기술개발 결과 활용계획 ... 320
• 제 6 장 연구개발 과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술 정보 ... 325
• 제 7 장 참고문헌 ... 329
• 부록A. 린지섬 AMOS 자료 처리 프로그램 코드 ... 358
• 부록B. 테라노바베이 AMOS 자료 처리 프로그램 코드 ... 371
• 부록C. 알래스카 지역 벌크플럭스 산출 코드 ... 385
• 끝페이지 ... 392