초록

○ 연구결과
휴경지 관리 방법에 따라 달라지는 식생변화와 토양변화를 조사하고, 재배한 대체 작물의 생산성을 비교하여 이에 따른 경영평가를 하였다. 배수관리가 되는 우량농경지를 조성하여 논-밭 전환 시 우량농지와 휴경지의 복원 능력을 비교하였다. 논 휴경지의 복원 후 벼의 생산성과 토양변화를 평가하여 휴경기간에 따른 복원 효과와 효율적인 휴경지 작부체계를 제시하였다.

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Results and Strategies for Application of the study
1. vegetation and soil changes after transforming paddy to upland:
In short term, transforming paddy to upland appeared to increase the soil fertility controlling the crop productivity in the various types of uncultivated farmlands. This

Ⅳ. Results and Strategies for Application of the study
1. vegetation and soil changes after transforming paddy to upland:
In short term, transforming paddy to upland appeared to increase the soil fertility controlling the crop productivity in the various types of uncultivated farmlands. This is a effect of drying paddy caused a change in the soil environment and vegetation on according to the management type such as water drain system, and cultivation of substitute crops. The changes of soil moisture condition in uncultivated rice fields induced vegetation changes such as aspects of weed species and growth. The weed biomass preserved as uncultivated dry field was higher than that of uncultivated wet land. When the soil moisture was low, a certain species such as upland weed appeared to have the predominance. Furthermore, as the fallow continued, the rate of perennial dry field weed increased among all. When the uncultivated farmland was restored to rice paddy after one year, the soil fertility and physical characteristics was better than two or three years fallow. However, in case that the fallow was extended, the improvement effects were disappeared to be after the third year. Such changes of uncultivated rice paddy affects on the fertilization management choice of herbicide, and the method of weed control.
2. Cropping system in fallow paddy:
The restoration to paddy rice after the alternative crops instead of rice was cultivated was effective in rice yield increase, prevention of weed, and the improvement of soil conditions. It was the most effective in increasing rice yield in case of restoring after one year-culturing the pulse family such as soybean. The two years with landscape cropping such as a rape - buckwheat was effective in increasing rice yield. The biggest problem, when the upland crops are cultivated as a substitute in the uncultivated rice paddy was wet injury from excessive soil moisture. It is difficult to cultivate upland crops in the uncultivated rice paddy because the soil contains high rate of clay and the area isolated lower than the upland field. In first year after fallow paddy, when the rainfall was heavy, there was long flooded and water logging period. That was why it was difficult to cultivate beans, rape or buckwheat among the alternative crops in the fallow rice paddy. However, as the uncultivated period goes longer than two years, the soil moisture condition was improved and there was not much difficulty in growing the upland crops.
It is concluded that in the second year of uncultivated rice paddy it is beneficial to choose forage crops which was tolerant to wet injury occurring in the upland alternative crops. Also, it is recommended to cultivate landscape crops because of providing beautiful scenery.
3. The effect of paddy field equipped with underground drainage facility:
Most rice paddy field in Korea has inferior water drain condition as they is located at lower regions than adjacent farmland. There was high possibility
being abandoned as idle land because of its inconsequent for dry field crop cultivation. To prevent such problems and increase the income of farming households, it is required to create the well drained farmland that was ready to convert to dry upland field. This kind of farmland has high advantage in efficient water supply and drain system, so when it is used as rice field it can block the leakage of water and the other case, the draining of the water can be quick enough to maintain the appropriate level of soil moisture. In this study, to make the well-drained farmland one of experimental plot was equipped with underground drainage system. The study proved the effectiveness of well drained farmland in cultivating bean, barley, forage crops and garden products such as pepper and autumn cabbage which are generally susceptible to wet injury in the low land of rice paddy. Also, this kind of farmland can have other merits such as the prevention of excessive use of fertilizer and contamination of agricultural water by circulation and recycle of irrigation water, and efficient use of insufficient water. The evaluation of the quality of recycled water in the low paddy field and fertilizer management system requires additional study.
4. Survey for management of fallow paddy, policy study, and compensation for farmer:
The focus of agricultural policies is, nowadays, moving from its production to environmental issue, regional and residential welfare, enhancing agricultural product demand, and direct payment etc. The transition has undercut the importance of rice production which has been the center of agricultural industry in Korea. This is followed by some serious problems such as reduction of agricultural industry, increasing uncultivated land, decreasing farm population, and increasing aged farmers.
This study attempts to find the effective strategies for compensation and management of uncultivated farmland as it depresses multilateral functions of agriculture and deteriorates the perception of consumers and taxpayers toward the protective policies in agriculture. First, the study examines the current increasing rate of uncultivated farmland and reviews both domestic and foreign uncultivated farmland management system and policies. Second, the study conducts farm survey for farmers who have the uncultivated farmland.
Finally, in order to measure and compare the productivity as farmland becomes uncultivated, experiments were set in similar uncultivated environment. This approach sets the basis to evaluate the uncultivated farmland management and finds the standard for direct compensation. It is summarized in management system, standard for compensation and strategies for practical application to farm policy.
1) Uncultivated Farmland Management System : The effective uncultivated farmland management suggests that the current system applied uniformly over the nation has to be differentiated in uncultivated farmland resulted by spontaneous generation area and policy objectives area, by mountain area and plain area, and by restorable area and unrestorable area. Specially, uncultivated farmland that arises spontaneously should maintain its capacity as land so it can be converted back as its demand. This requires proper compensation system and management responsibility. It means that instead of managing uncultivated farmland with individual and scattered basis, more systematic control through compensation system can form uncultivated zone and introduce entrust management system. It is necessary to systemize spontaneous generation uncultivated farmland based on the current situation as it emerged at a certain degree during the last rice production adjustment policy periods.
2) Standard for Compensation : The current standard for compensation has been interrupted since the last rice production adjustment policy period. The standard for compensation at the rice production adjustment period is yet treated as the standard to marginal farmland and even there are disagreement in level of the standard. Also as we can infer from farm management evaluation at the experimental plots in order to achieve rice production adjustment or to maintain the farmland function, the standard for compensation has to be tuned upward as 70 percent higher than previous level.
3) Strategies for Application to Farm Policy : The utilization of uncultivated farmland is subjected to long-run uncultivated land and unrestorable idle land. However, the farm survey results show the possibility of utilization is thin. This is because currently some of uncultivated farmland are abandoned and neglected as marginal land which will be costly to recover. There are some examples and attempts of restoration for uncultivated farmland in foreign countries as public park, grazing land, and cultivation of crops for scenery. At this point, the challenge is not how to utilize it but what foundation can be made to utilize. That is, the transformation of marginal uncultivated farmland which is scattered into uncultivated farmland zone will enable the scenery district or civil park suitable for regional structure and will utilize it effectively.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 4
• SUMMARY ... 9
• CONTENTS ... 15
• 목 차 ... 18
• 제 1 장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 22
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 25
• 제 1 절 국내 외 관련기술의 현황과 문제점 ... 25
• 1. 국내 관련기술의 현황과 문제점 ... 25
• 2. 외국의 휴경지 관리제도와 시사점 ... 26
• 제 3 장 연구 개발 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 27
• 제 1 절 휴경 논의 토양 특성 변화 조사 ... 27
• 1. 휴경 논의 토양 특성 변화 ... 46
• 2. 재료 및 방법 ... 47
• 3. 결과 및 고찰 ... 48
• 가. 농가 휴경 논에서의 지점 별 식생 변화 양상 ... 48
• 나. 휴경 논 시험 포장에서의 식생 변화 ... 59
• 제2절 휴경 논의 식생 변화 조사 ... 46
• 1. 휴경 논의 식생 변화 특성 ... 46
• 2. 재료 및 방법 ... 47
• 3. 결과 및 고찰 ... 48
• 가. 농가 휴경 논에서의 지점 별 식생 변화 양상 ... 48
• 나. 휴경 논 시험 포장에서의 식생 변화 ... 59
• 제3절 휴경 논의 벼 대체작물 재배와 복원 ... 64
• 1. 휴경 논에서의 벼 대체작물의 재배와 논으로 복원 후 벼의 생산성 ... 64
• 2. 재료 및 방법 ... 64
• 3. 결과 및 고찰 ... 66
• 가. 휴경 논을 이용한 식량작물 작부체계 ... 66
• 나. 휴경 논을 이용한 사료작물 작부체계 ... 68
• 다. 휴경 논을 이용한 경관작물 작부체계 ... 70
• 라. 휴경 논의 복원 ... 73
• 제4절 논-밭 전환이 용이한 우량농경지의 조성 ... 78
• 1. 논-밭 전환이 용이한 우량농경지 조성 연구 ... 78
• 2. 재료 및 방법 ... 79
• 3. 결과 및 고찰 ... 81
• 가. 우량농경지와 대체작물 재배구의 재배기간 중 수분 변화 비교 ... 81
• 나. 우량농경지와 대체작물 재배구에서의 작물의 수량성 비교 ... 84
• 제5절 농업여건 및 농지정책 변화 ... 88
• 1. 농업여건의 변화 ... 88
• 2. 농지정책의 변화 ... 96
• 제6절 휴경지 현황 및 관리제도 ... 102
• 1. 휴경지 현황 ... 102
• 2. 휴경지·유휴지 관련 제도와 정책 ... 106
• 제7절 휴경지 실태분석 ... 115
• 1. 휴경지 관리유형 ... 115
• 2. 관리유형별 휴경이유와 관리실태 ... 116
• 3. 관리유형별 경영수지 평가 ... 126
• 제8절 외국의 휴경관리제도와 시사점 ... 132
• 1. 일본의 휴경농지 추이 ... 132
• 2. 일본의 휴경농지 활용사례와 유형 ... 133
• 3. 농지제도 개정과 휴경농지 대책의 정비 ... 137
• 4. 일본의 쌀 생산조정 정책과 휴경지관리 ... 138
• 제9절 요약 및 결 ... 140
• 1. 휴경지 관리제도 ... 140
• 2. 휴경지 보상기준 ... 141
• 3. 휴경지의 활용 ... 141
• 제 4 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 143
• 제 1 절 연구개발 목표와 내용 ... 143
• 1. 연구개발 목표와 내용 ... 143
• 2. 연차 별 연구개발 목표와 내용 ... 144
• 3. 연구평가의 착안점 및 달성도 ... 147
• 4. 기술도입의 타당성 ... 147
• 5. 앞으로의 전망 ... 148
• 제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 149
• 제 1 절 기대효과 및 활용방안 ... 149
• 1. 기술적 측면 ... 149
• 2. 경제·산업적 측면 ... 149
• 3. 활용방안 ... 150
• 제 6 장 참고문헌 ... 151
• 끝페이지 ... 156