초록 ▼

○ 연구결과
쑥속식물의 재배법확립연구를 통하여 상토 종류, 삽수채취부위, 발근제, 배지에 따른 발근 조사 완료 및 유기 재배 기술을 확립하다. 또한 저장 및 포장개선을 위하여 생체 유통용 각종 플라스틱 이용 포장법 및 장기 저장용 건물 포장 재료를 개발하였으며, 정유추출 부산물을 활용한 사료화 및 퇴비화 방법을 개발하였다. 그리고 쑥속식물의 정유함량 및 정유성분 분석 연구수행을 통해 아로마 자원의 식물 개발 가능성을 확립하였고, 항균성 및 항산화성 등 정유성분의 생리활성을 조사, 연구하여 고기능성의 생리활성 식물을 선별하고,

○ 연구결과
쑥속식물의 재배법확립연구를 통하여 상토 종류, 삽수채취부위, 발근제, 배지에 따른 발근 조사 완료 및 유기 재배 기술을 확립하다. 또한 저장 및 포장개선을 위하여 생체 유통용 각종 플라스틱 이용 포장법 및 장기 저장용 건물 포장 재료를 개발하였으며, 정유추출 부산물을 활용한 사료화 및 퇴비화 방법을 개발하였다. 그리고 쑥속식물의 정유함량 및 정유성분 분석 연구수행을 통해 아로마 자원의 식물 개발 가능성을 확립하였고, 항균성 및 항산화성 등 정유성분의 생리활성을 조사, 연구하여 고기능성의 생리활성 식물을 선별하고, 이러한 식물을 활용한 고기능성 보건제품 개발 기술을 확립하였다.

Abstract ▼

I. Development of Stable Production and Utilization System in Artemisia spp.
1. Study on the mass propagation of Artemisia
1) Effects of cutting materials on the rooting
Effects of attached leaf number(2, 4, 6, 8, 10 leaves) of cuttings on the rooting rate was investigated.
Rooting rate

I. Development of Stable Production and Utilization System in Artemisia spp.
1. Study on the mass propagation of Artemisia
1) Effects of cutting materials on the rooting
Effects of attached leaf number(2, 4, 6, 8, 10 leaves) of cuttings on the rooting rate was investigated.
Rooting rate in 4 and 6 leaves plot was 100% after 25 day, but 85% in 2 leaves, 75% in 8 leaves and 25% in 10 leaves.
The best result on the stem length, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight and root length after cutting was founded in treatment of cutting with 6 leaves and followed 8 leaves.
In Artemisia propagation, cutting with 6 leaves could get best results not only rooting rate but also growing after cutting.
2) Effects of parts of cutting, rooting promoter, and medium on the rooting rate
Effects of different parts of stems(5 internodes from growing point, 6-10 internodes from growing point, 5 internodes of side stem), Rootone treatment and rooting medium(TKS 2+pelite= 1:1, vermiculite, field soil) on the rooting rate were investigated using 50 holes tray during 25 days after cutting. The growth of cuttings using stem with 5 internodes from growing point was the best.
Rootone treatment increased rooting rate about 16% in cuttings with growing point, 17% in side stem, 50% in 6-10 internodes from growing point more than non treated plot. It's means that Rooton promoted rooting rate in the old stems more than young stem.
The best rooting rate was founded in sand medium with 81%, followed 73% in field soil and vermiculite and TKS 2+perlite about 65%.
It has been suggested that the best rooting rate of Artemisia could get in cutting method using terminal parts of stem with Rootone treatment in field soil condition.
3) Organic culture using oil extraction residues
Effects of several organic material (Farmyard manure 2000, 4000 kg/10a, sesame oil cake 2000, 4000kg/10a and chemical fertilizer 20, 40kg/10a, N-P-K-Ca-Mg: 12-12-11-3 Dongbu chemical Co.) on the growth and essential oil content were investigated.
The growth in farmyard manure treatment was the best, but essential oil content(cineol and terpineol) was relative good in sesame oil cake plot.
It has been suggest that mixed fertilization with farmyard manure and sesame oil cake could increased growth and essential oil contents of Artemisia.
4) Collection of Artemisia gene sourses
Artemisia gene sources were collected in 9 regional place of Korea and 2 place of Japan, and characteristics was analyzed.
The stem length in Jeju collections was the highest and followed Seoul, Chungbuk, and Chunbuk. But No. of leaves was the highest in 'Sajabalssuk'. High useful oil contents was founded in Seoul, Kyungbuk, Gangwha, and Jeju collection.
All collected Artemisia had higher lobation than 'Sajabalssuk' without collection from Gangwon.
At the result of RAPD analysis with a primers were polymorphic among 15 local collections. Collection of Hongsung in Gangwon and Namwon in Chunbuk were related.
According to results of essential oil analysis, the collection of Chungbuk and Kyungbuk contained relative high components such as caryophyllene, camphor, borneol, phenol and germacrene. Seoul collects contained high caryophellene, high cineol contents was found in Kyungbuk collection.
2. Study on the storage and packing
1) Packing using several plastic materials
Effects of different packing materials(PE box, PE bag, PP bag, functional bag, Multi-layer bag) and storage temperature(1℃, 5℃, 10℃, room temperature) on the shelf life of Artemisia were investigated and got followed results.
After 1 day storage the shape of leaves in non packed plot(control) was not so good for sale. Decreasing of fresh weight in low storage temperature was very low until 10 day in 1℃, and 4 day in 5℃ and 10℃.
According to marketable value, the optimum storage period of Artemisia was 18 days in 1℃, 12 days in 5℃, 6 day in 10℃ and only one days in room temperature.
The mineral contents were decreased with increased storage period.
CO2 content in bag increased about 5-6% during storage in multiple plastic materials
2) Packing materials for drying materials
Effects of several drying method(natural drying, oven drying with 50℃ and 70℃, microwave drying with 5, 10, 20 minutes) were tested.
After treatment, percent of dry mater was found small difference between as in natural drying(16%) and in oven drying(14%).
The change of color followed in order with 5 minutes using microwave(MW)>10 minutes in MW, 20minutes in MW> natural drying> 5 0℃ using , oven drying, 70℃using oven drying.
Dry period for constant dry weight had need of 12 days in natural during and 3 day in oven drying after treatment, but MW treatment was constant after treatment.
It's means that MW treatment is good for drying of small amounts.
After drying PE bag storage prohibited from decreasing of color change and oil contents. Natural drying method was better than oven drying for minimization of essential oil changes.
3. Utilization method of oil extraction
1) Feeding of residues
Feed using of Artemisia was abnormal in livestock farm until now after our investigation.
So small amount mixed method must be intensive extra study in future.
2) Manuring of residues
Application of oil extraction residues for leaf vegetable production was investigated with lettuce and endive.
The growth of lettuce and endive in plot of using residues materials with level of 2000kg and 4000kg/10a was very strong retarded until 3 weeks after sowing.
It's means that Artemisia residues contained plant growth retardants.
According to germination test of lettuce and endive the germination rate using Artemisia essential oil was very low and growth after sprouting was retarded.
For making of granular fertilizer using residues different diameter sizes were tested. The more large size made, the bad cohesive was founded. For increasing of cohesive 10% of wheat powder mixed sample was acceptable.
In conclusion, for making of granular fertilizer, residues must be mixed with different cohesive materials in future study.
4. Productivity, production cost and vision of mass production.
Fresh matter production estimated about 3,800kg/10a and dry matter was 770kg.
Production cost was about 832,000won, crude income estimated 3,102,500won. Pure incomes of Artemisia culture was 2,270,500won/10a.
For mass production we must development on the culture manual for Artemisia and study on the mechanical planting, harvesting, drying and storage system in future.
II. Studies on high physiological functionality in native herbs and Artemisia spp.
1. Comparative analysis of essential oils in Artemisia spp.
Extraction yields of essential oil from Artemisia include Artemisia spp.
(Ganghwa Sajabalssuk), Artemisia argyi (Hwanghaessuk), Artemisia capillaris (Injinssuk) were 1.40%, 0.45%, and 0.50%, respectively.
Essential oil of Artemisia spp. contains more than 65 compounds, and major components were cineole, tricylene, a-trepinen-4-ol, cis-1-methyl-4(1-methylethyl)-2-cyclohexene-1-ol using a GC-MS analysis. Extraction yields of essential oil from dried Artemisia princeps' leaves in the shade for one, and two years were 0.5%, and 0.8%, respectively. Major components of dried Artemisia princepsfor 1 year were trans -1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2-cyclohexene-1- ol, cis-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2-cyclohexene-1-ol, cineol, borneol, a-trepinen-4-ol, farnesene, caryophyllen oxide. After dried leaves for two years in the shade, volatile components were evaporated, and detected components were cineol, trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2-cyclohexene -1-ol, and borneol as major components.
Essential oil of Artemisia argyi contains more than 96 compounds. Using a GC-MS analysis, essential oils were identified cineol, b-myrcene, thujone, camphor, borneol, caryophyllene, muurolene, logniverbenone as major components, and camphene, p-cymene, 3-thujanone, a-terpinene-4-ol, cis-1-methyl-4(1-methylethyl)-2-cyclohexene-1-ol as minor components.
Extraction yields of essential oil from dried Artemisia argyi's leaves in the shade for one, and twoyears were 1.2%, and 0.4%, respectively. Major components of dried Artemisia argyi for one year dried leaveswere logniverbenone, 2,5,5-trimethyl-2,6-heptadiene-4-one. Essential oils from two years dried leaves were logniverbenone, 3-thujanone, borneol, p-cymene as major components.
Essential oil of Artemisia capillaris contains more than 60 compounds, and major components were thujone, cineole, 3-thujanone, b-cymene, caryophyllene oxide, logniverbenone. Extraction yields of essential oil from dried Artemisia capillaries' leaves in the shade for one, and two years were 0.4, and 0.27%, respectively. Major components were thujone, cineole, longiverbenone for one year dried Artemisia capillaries' leaves in the shade, and were cineole, eucarvone, caryophyllene oxide for two years dried leaves. Major components of essential oils were cineol 81%, thujone 9.36%, camphor 2.16%, and borneol 1.2% from Asanmanyakssuk, thujone, cineole, a-myrcene, and camphor from Dowonyakssuk, artemisia 73.3%, cineole 13%, and camphor 0.24% from Chunanyakssuk, cineole, linalool, camphor from Namyankyakssuk, cineole, farnesene, and boreneol from Yeojuyakssuk, bornyl acetate 11.8%, cineol, and borneol from Jinbuyakssuk, thujone 82.64%, cineole, a-terpinene-4-ol, and p-cymene from Ganghwayakssuk, cineole, b-pinene, and borneol from Daekwanryengyakssuk, and a-pinene, cineole, and borneole from Chamssuk.
Extraction yields of essential oil from native herbs include Angelica koreana, Ligusticum officinale, Anethum graveolens, Thymus quinquecostatus, Ruta graveoleus, Dendranthema indicum were 0.434, 0.196, 0.266, 0.232, 0.142, and 0.800%, respectively.
2. Antibacterial and antioxidant effects of essential oils from native herbs and Artemisia spp.
Artemisia spp.(sajabalssuk) had shown strong sings of antibacterial activities for causes of dental caries, which are infected by Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis. Artemisia argyi which was dried for 2 years in dark place, inhibited to grow S sanguis. Artemisia capillaries reduced activity of S sanguis.
Essential oils from variety of herbs were examined the antibacterial activity using E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, etc.
Antibacterial activity results were as follow;
-Essential oil of Agastache rugosa had shown best antibacterial activity.
-In general, basils were shown high value of antibiosis, especially E. coli,
S. aureus.
-Essential oils of basil were good antibacterial activity; therefore it may develop pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
Testing of antibacterial activities using 1:100 diluted essential oils, results showed that lavender and rose geranium had good activity against S. aureus, rose geranium and rosemary had good activity against S. epidermidis and E.coli. Considering the yield of essential oil from herbs and antibacterial activity, rosemary essential oil may develop alternative medicine products.
Artemisia spp.(Sajabalssuk) essential oil was tested antibacterial activity using variety of gram negative and positive bacteria. 1:5 diluted essential oil of Artemisia spp.(Sajabalssuk) showed good activity against Staphylococcus aureus 503 and S. aureus285 among the gram positive bacteria, and E. coli 078, E. coli TEM, E. coli 1507E, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9027, and Enterobacter cloacae1321E among the gram negative bacteria. Artemisia capillaris, Ganghwayakssuk, and Namyankyakssuk showed better antibacterial activities among the 9 Artemisia.
Basil showed good antioxidant activities, especially sweet basil.
Ganghwayakssuk, Namyankyakssuk, and Asanmanyakssuk had excellent a,a-diphenyl-b-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging effects.
Using floral waters from variety of Artemisia, which is bottom layer from steam distillation for essential oils extraction, seed germination study were performed with Lactuca sativa and Raphanus sativus L.
3. Development of cosmetic, dental, and pharmaceutical products using essential oils from native herbs and Artemisia spp.
Based on native herbs' and Artemisia's scientific data, we have developed several products such as soap, shampoo, conditioner, body wash, etc. These contain essential oils from Artemisia spp.(Ganghwa Sajabalssuk).

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 3
• SUMMARY ... 11
• CONTENTS ... 18
• 목차 ... 21
• List of Tables ... 23
• List of Figure ... 28
• 제1장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 33
• 제1절 연구개발의 목적 ... 33
• 제2절 연구개발의 필요성 ... 34
• 제3절 연구개발의 내용 및 범위 ... 38
• 제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 43
• 제1절 국내외 연구현황 ... 43
• 제2절 앞으로의 전망 ... 44
• 제3장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 46
• 제1절 쑥속식물의 안정생산 및 활용기술 개발 ... 46
• 1. 쑥속식물의 안정적인 대량 번식 방법 연구 ... 46
• 가. 사자발쑥의 대량번식 방법 및 유기재배 기술확립 ... 46
• 나. 적요 ... 79
• 2. 쑥의 저장 및 포장 방법 연구 ... 81
• 가. 생체 유통용 각종 플라스틱 이용포장법 개발 ... 81
• 나. 장기저장용 건물 포장재료 ... 95
• 다. 생체 및 건물저장시 문제점 ... 103
• 라. 적요 ... 105
• 3. 정유 부산물의 활용방법 개발 ... 106
• 가. 정유 추출 부산물을 이용한 사료 가능성 조사 ... 106
• 나. 정유추출 부산물의 유기질 비료 가능성 조사 ... 107
• 다. 적요 ... 128
• 4. 수량성과 생산비 추정 및 대량생산성 전망 ... 128
• 가. 수량성 ... 128
• 나. 생산비 측정 ... 129
• 다. 대량생산성 전망 ... 131
• 라. 적요 ... 132
• 제2절 자생허브 및 쑥속 식물의 고기능 생리활성 연구 ... 133
• 1. 쑥속식물의 정유함량 및 정유 성분 분석 ... 133
• 가. 연구 목적 및 내용 ... 133
• 나. 재료 및 방법 ... 134
• 2. 쑥속 식물 정유의 생리활성조사 ... 190
• 가. 연구 목적 및 내용 ... 190
• 나. 재료 및 방법 ... 190
• 다. 연구 결과 ... 193
• 3. 강화 사자발쑥의 정유성분을 이용한 고기능성 제품개발 ... 230
• 가. 연구 목적 및 내용 ... 230
• 나. 재료 및 방법 (비공개 요망) ... 231
• 다. 제품제조과정 ... 242
• 라. 연구결과 ... 248
• 마. 지역 농산업 활성화 및 고기능성 사자발쑥 정유 제품의 활용방안 ... 251
• 제4장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 257
• 제5장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 259
• 제6장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 261
• 제7장 참고문헌 ... 263
• 끝페이지 ... 272