초록 ▼

2. 연구결과
○ 국내산 다시마 두 종의 초기 발생단계와 사상체의 기초생리학적 탐색을 통한 생물 무한공급시스템 조건 확립
○ 다시마와 미역을 사용한 독성진단 표준 환경 조건 정립
○ Endpoints (발아, 발아관 길이 생장, 배우체 생장, 포자체 생성, 엽록소 형광)별 환경유해물질 독성반응 조사 (중금속, VOCs, 제초제 등)
○ 해양퇴적물과 산업폐수를 사용한 생태독성평가기법의 현장 적용성 평가
○ 독성평가로부터 산출된 데이터의 체계적 수집 (NOEC, LOEC, EC₁₀와 EC<

2. 연구결과
○ 국내산 다시마 두 종의 초기 발생단계와 사상체의 기초생리학적 탐색을 통한 생물 무한공급시스템 조건 확립
○ 다시마와 미역을 사용한 독성진단 표준 환경 조건 정립
○ Endpoints (발아, 발아관 길이 생장, 배우체 생장, 포자체 생성, 엽록소 형광)별 환경유해물질 독성반응 조사 (중금속, VOCs, 제초제 등)
○ 해양퇴적물과 산업폐수를 사용한 생태독성평가기법의 현장 적용성 평가
○ 독성평가로부터 산출된 데이터의 체계적 수집 (NOEC, LOEC, EC₁₀와 EC₅₀) 및 QA/QC (CV를 이용한 재연성 및 정밀성 타진)
○ Endpoints별 독성평가 기법 프로토콜 작성
○ mPAM과 iPAM을 이용한 로봇형 독성진단 기반기술 연구 및 효율성과 적용성 진단

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Results
○ Standardization of environmental conditions for the system for mass culture of organisms. These studies were carried out based on studies on physiology of the early stages of Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida and their filaments.
1) Effects of light quantity and quality:

Ⅳ. Results
○ Standardization of environmental conditions for the system for mass culture of organisms. These studies were carried out based on studies on physiology of the early stages of Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida and their filaments.
1) Effects of light quantity and quality:
- The light quantity did significantly influence germination. However, the growth rate of filaments was proportional to the light quantity (the maximal growth rate at 80 μmol m^-2 s^-1); thus mass production of biomass could be achieved by increasing light quantity.
- Blue (400∼500 nm) and green lights (500∼600 nm) enhanced the growth of germ tubes and also induced the reproduction of filaments; however, in red light (600∼700 nm), the filaments showed continuous growth with decreasing reproduction. The near infrared light (700∼800 nm) inhibited both growth and reproduction of filaments.
[Conclusion] The use of red light would help in continuous production of filaments; this fact could be beneficial.
2) Effects of nutrient quantity and quality:
- At nitrate concentrations > 10 mM, the embryo spores grew but did not undergo sexual reproduction. However, at 0.05∼5 mM of nitrate, sexual reproduction of the spores was induced.
- Under 0.05∼0.1 mM phosphate concentrations, sexual reproduction of embryo spores was observed.
[Conclusion] Continuous growth of embryo spores could be induced under high (> 5 mM) concentrations of nitrate and low(0.01 mM or 0.5∼1 mM) concentration of phosphate.
3) Simultaneous effects of nitrate and temperature:
- As compared with the nitrate content, the temperature had a tremendous effect on the growth and the sexual reproduction of filaments.
- Temperatures ranging from 5∼20℃ did not significantly influence the growth of the filaments; but it is essential to note that at 15∼20℃ the sexual reproduction rate was the highest.
[Conclusion] In order to get biomass of filaments without sexual reproduction, it is advisable to incubate filaments at below 5℃. However, to obtain biomass rapidly, it is necessary to provide appropriate light quality simultaneously.
4) Storage in the dark:
- Long-term storage of filaments in the dark (in vials and effendorf tubes) and assessment of their physiological efficiency (optimal quantum yield, Fv/Fm, 0.5) after an interval of 23 months revealed that the samples were healthy.
[Conclusion] Long-term storage of the filaments was successfully established with the use of simple instruments and the environmental conditions defined herein.
○ The standard environmental conditions for ecotoxicological assessment using S. japonica and U. pinnatifida have been outlined as follows.
○ Ecotoxicological response of the two species to environmentally hazardous substances (heavy metal, VOCs, herbicides and etc.) were tested using several endpoints (germination, growth of germ tube, gametophyte growth, sporophyte production, chlorophyll fluorescence)
- Based on the data obtained, 12 endpoints of the early stages of S. japonica and U. pinnatifida were investigated, in order to conduct ecotoxicological assessment of total 21 types of hazardous substances which included 8 heavy metal including mercury, 9 hazardous substances including VOCs, 4 herbicides including diuron. All the endpoints studied showed distinct sensitivity to the various toxicants.
[Conclusion] S. japonica and U. pinnatifida bioassay methods outlined herein showed higher sensitivity to heavy metals as compared to the internationally recognized Ecklonia radiata, Hormosira banksii (ANZECC) and Macrocystis pyrifera (USEPA) assays.
○ Field applicability of ecotoxicity bioassays using industrial wastewater and ocean sediments
- The TU values were calculated by conducting site applicability test for the ecotoxicity bioassays using 21 ocean sediments and 19 industrial wastewater for all endpoints (germination, growth of germ tube, gametophyte growth, sporophyte production, chlorophyll fluorescence). Results obtained revealed similarities and differences in sensitivity to various toxicants and industrial effluents.
[Conclusion] The results obtained established the need for an ecotoxicity bioassay which could rapidly and clearly detect the presence of unknown toxic substances; and the bioassay should also be able to determine the synergistic effects and their antagonistic effects of a toxicant mixture.
The prevalent or established chemical methodologies in vogue do not fulfil this, hence it is essential to use bioassay technologies such as those established based on the two species herein.
○ Systematic collection of statistical data (NOEC, LOEC, EC₁₀ and EC₅₀) from the toxicity assessment; and Quality Assurance/ Quality Control (Precision and regeneration assessment using CV values)
- Ecotoxicity tests were conducted on 8 heavy metals, 9 environmentally hazardous substances, 4 herbicides, and 19 industrial wastewaters using the test methods involving S. japonica and U. pinnatifida. The NOEC, LOEC, EC₁₀ and EC₅₀ values were calculated through the linear interpolation method, ANOVA and Toxcalc program.
- The coefficient of variance (CV) obtained for all toxicants was < 20%.
[Conclusion] In order to compare the previously established and reported research results, various critical level values have been provided. It has traditionally been acknowledged that if the CV value is < 30∼40%, the proposed technology is reliable at international levels. The endpoints tested and the technologies defined here hence fulfill this (< 20%) and hence demonstrate reproducibility and precision of the test results complying with international standards, which helps in establishment of this method as an international ecotoxicity assessment method.
○ Outlining toxicity bioassay protocols for the endpoints
[Conclusion] A set of ISO standard technology manuals for 8 ecotoxicity bioassays using S. japonica and U. pinnatifida have been successfully been prepared in Korean and English.
○ Preparation of an application to establish these methods under the ISO standard and for domestic ecotoxicity monitoring
[Conclusion] An application form for the protocol on ecotoxicity test using S. japonica and U. pinnatifida has been prepared and it is to be submitted to the ISO water quality conference very soon.
○ Evaluation of applicability and efficiency of the robot type toxicity assessment technology using mPAM and iPAM
-The robot type assessment technology could detect toxicity of herbicides within an hour, while it took > 72 hours for the detection of heavy metals.
[Conclusion] This robot type assessment could hence be applied for real time testing of herbicide toxicity, while in the case of heavy metals, there are possibilities to apply this technology in wastewater management systems where the testing period of > 72 hours was not an impendence.
○ Expansion of an ecotoxicity domestic bank (DB)
-Our research team has uploaded a domestic ecotoxicological database bank on the established real time ecotoxicity DB.
[Conclusion] Plans to expand the DB into the nation's first comprehensive marine ecotoxicity DB are underway; and preparation of various papers and reports are under progress.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 3
• SUMMARY ... 10
• CONTENTS ... 18
• 목차 ... 19
• 표목차 ... 21
• 그림목차 ... 24
• 제1장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 29
• 제1절 연구개발의 중요성 및 필요성 ... 29
• 1. 연구개발의 과학기술적 측면 ... 29
• 2. 연구개발의 사회경제적 차원 ... 30
• 3. 연구개발의 사회문화적 필요성 ... 31
• 제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 33
• 제1절 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 33
• 1. 국내기술동향 ... 33
• 2. 국외기술동향 ... 33
• 3. 향후전망 ... 35
• 4. 기술동향 분석 결론 ... 35
• 제3장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 37
• 제1절 연구개발 수행 내용 ... 37
• 1. 표준시험생물 ... 37
• 2. 생태독성시험 ... 40
• 제2절 연구개발 결과 ... 49
• 1. 다시마 사상체의 무한 배양 및 공급을 위한 기초생리학적 연구 ... 49
• 2. 생태독성진단 프로토콜 개발 ... 55
• 제3절 연구개발 결과 요약 ... 172
• 1. 시험생물 상시 공급 시스템의 간편성과 무한제공 가능성 ... 172
• 2. 신기술 생태독성 시험법 요약 ... 173
• 3. 생태독성 민감성 비교(예시: 구리) ... 175
• 4. 생태독성평가 기법의 CV 차트 - 정밀성 ... 178
• 5. 생태독성평가 시스템의 구성 ... 180
• 6. 지표생물 독성평가 DB에 실험 data 및 문헌 자료 입력 ... 182
• 7. 연안 수질 오염 분포도 작성 ... 185
• 8. 생태독성 원인 물질 규명을 위한 평가법 ... 186
• 9. 생태위해도 저감 및 관리방안 ... 189
• 제4장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 191
• 제1절 연도별 연구개발목표의 달성도 ... 191
• 제5장 연구개발 성과 및 성과활용 계획 ... 193
• 가. 논문게재 성과 ... 193
• 나. 학술발표 ... 194
• 다. 특허 성과 ... 194
• 라. 인력활용/양성 성과 ... 195
• 마. 성과활용 계획 ... 195
• 제6장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 197
• 가. 대형 해조류를 이용한 생태독성 시험법 간의 중금속 민감성 비교 ... 197
• 제7장 참고문헌 ... 203
• 부록 1. 국문 매뉴얼 ... 213
• 부록 2. 영문 매뉴얼 -ISO 제출문 초안 ... 223
• 부록 3. 국문 매뉴얼 ... 238
• 부록 4. 영문 매뉴얼 -ISO 제출문 초안 ... 248
• 부록 5. 국문 매뉴얼 ... 263
• 부록 6. 영문 매뉴얼 -ISO 제출문 초안 ... 273
• 부록 7. 국문 매뉴얼 ... 288
• 부록 8. 영문 매뉴얼 -ISO 제출문 초안 ... 297
• 부록 9. 국문 매뉴얼 ... 311
• 부록 10. 영문 매뉴얼 -ISO 제출문 초안 ... 322
• 부록 11. 국문 매뉴얼 ... 339
• 부록 12. 영문 매뉴얼 -ISO 제출문 초안 ... 350
• 부록 13. 국문 매뉴얼 ... 367
• 부록 14. 영문 매뉴얼 -ISO 제출문 초안 ... 378
• 부록 15. 국문 매뉴얼 ... 395
• 부록 16. 영문 매뉴얼 -ISO 제출문 초안 ... 406
• 끝페이지 ... 421