초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
벼, 맥류 유전자원 증식은 벼 3,502점 맥류 밀, 보리 귀리에 대해 6,730점을 증식하였으며 작물별로 12～13개의 기초특성조사를 완료하여 DB화 하였다. 또한 증식자원에 대해서는 육종가와 공동 현장평가를 통하여 벼에서 다수성, 내도복성등 유용자원 104점을 선발하였으며 맥류의 경우 조숙성, 다수성, 가공용, 사료용 등 다양한 유용자원 총 274점 선발하고 수요자의 요구시 우선 분양하여 자원의 활용도를 증가시켰다. 또한 벼 유전자원 3만여점에 대해 종피색,메찰성, 알칼리붕괘도를 조사하여 DB화 하였으며,

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
벼, 맥류 유전자원 증식은 벼 3,502점 맥류 밀, 보리 귀리에 대해 6,730점을 증식하였으며 작물별로 12～13개의 기초특성조사를 완료하여 DB화 하였다. 또한 증식자원에 대해서는 육종가와 공동 현장평가를 통하여 벼에서 다수성, 내도복성등 유용자원 104점을 선발하였으며 맥류의 경우 조숙성, 다수성, 가공용, 사료용 등 다양한 유용자원 총 274점 선발하고 수요자의 요구시 우선 분양하여 자원의 활용도를 증가시켰다. 또한 벼 유전자원 3만여점에 대해 종피색,메찰성, 알칼리붕괘도를 조사하여 DB화 하였으며, 67백여점의 벼 유전자원데 대해 흰잎마름병 저항성 검정을 통하여 기존 보고되지 않은 K3a 완전저항성 11자원 선발하였다.또한 국제공동연구를 통하여 벼 염기서열분석을 수행하여 표현형 간 연관분석을 통한 후보마커 탐색을 통하여 8개의 마커를 선발하였으며, SNP Chip 이용저온발아성 통합 QTL 작성 하여 분석한 결과 SNP 마커 4개의 분자마커를 확보하였다. 또한 밀의 가공적성을 규명하기위하여 총 1,091점에 대한 SDS-PAGE 단백질 전기영동을 분석하고 6종의 DNA마커를 활용하여 상호 보완하여 정확한 단백질 조성 분석 결과 일치 자원 772점을 확보 하였다. 특히 Glu-1 점수체계도를 이용하여 점수가 높은 한국원산 3점을 포함, 10점 만점자원 34점, Glu-1 점수 고득점을 위해 꼭 필요한 유전적조성 Glu-D1d를 가진 자원은 47점, 육종에서 선호되는 조성인Glu-B1i을 가진 자원은 35점을 확보 하였다.

Abstract ▼

The National Agro-biodiversity Center(NAC), RDA conserves about 35,000 accessions of rice germplasm and 92,000 accessions of the number of sort of barley crop including wheat,barley, oat, triticale, and rye conserved. The germplasm accessions with low viability and with small amounts of seed lot wer

The National Agro-biodiversity Center(NAC), RDA conserves about 35,000 accessions of rice germplasm and 92,000 accessions of the number of sort of barley crop including wheat,barley, oat, triticale, and rye conserved. The germplasm accessions with low viability and with small amounts of seed lot were needed multiplication or reregeneration in order to long- and mid-term conservation and distribution. This study was carried out to multiply and characterize rice and a sort of barley crop germplasm conserved at NAC. we regenerated 3,502 accessions rice germplasm and 6,730 accessions of barley crop for 3 years by this project. The important basic characteristics and useful trait with high consumer demand such as heading stage, ripening period, ear-type, awn lengh, etc. are also evaluated. We held the rice germplasm field contest for selecting valuable germplasm for developing new varieties and selected 104 accessions of rice and 274 of barley crop with various characters.
Further evaluation and characterization of potential agronomic characters will determine the usefulness of an accession for a specific purpose in specific circumstances. This study was conducted to classify the seed characters including seed coat color,endosperm(waxy/non-waxy), and alkaline digestive value in 29,259 rice germplasm. In waxy/non-waxy classification, a total of 25,839 accessions were classified as non-waxy and waxy rice germplasm were about 10% in testing materials. In seed coat color, most accessions were classified as white color(73%) following red, light red and dark brown.Alkaline digestive value related to gelatinization temperature was classified with 7 levels.Level 1 accessions which did not show a change of the seed shape were 8,409 which has captured about 30%. A total of 4,856 accessions were classified as level 7 in which seed shape was almost broken. Evaluation of disease resistance of rice blast and chemical composition were carried out on rice germplasm.
In case of evaluation of disease resistance of rice blast and bacterial leaf blight. We used 12 DNA markers of rice blast resistance genes to evaluate the blast resistant gene content about 3,000 accession. Most of these accessions content Pib, PikM, Piz, Pita, Pita-2 resistant genes, but 14 accessions have seven blast resistant genes as elite germplasm. Four Korean bacterial blight races, K1, K2, K3 and K3a were inoculated in early maturing time about japonica rice varieties. 21 accessions were resistant to K1 and K2 race, 19 accessions were K1 and K3, 12 accessions were K2 and K3, 11 accession were K1 and K3, and only one accession were K1, K2, K3 and K3a,respectably. 11 accession were strongly resistant to K3a. Low temperature germinability is an important trait for breeding of varieties for use in direct-seeding rice production systems. Although rice (Oryza sativa L.) is generally sensitive to low temperatures, genetic variation for LTG exists and several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been reported. Most notably, the major effect QTL qLTG3-1, which has been cloned, has been implicated in tissue weakening and likely contributes to germination vigor in general. A panel of japonica rice accessions (n=180) from temperate regions in Asia was evaluated for LTG and genotyped with markers from qLTG3-1 and regions harboring other LTG QTLs. In addition to the evaluation of markers from previously reported LTG QTLs, an association analysis was conducted using SNP data generated by reduced representation sequencing of the panel. Eight SNP markers were found to be associated with LTG using general and mixed linear models. Two of these markers were in close proximity (~35 kb) to each other on chromosome 4 in a region previously reported. The remaining six markers represent novel candidates for LTG loci.As useful physicochemical traits, qualitative characteristic of gluten, most important protein of wheat, was also analyzed.
Allelic variation of Glu-1 loci related to High Molecular Weight Glutenin was evaluated in 221 Korean landrace germplasm using 6 selective DNA markers. Glu-A1c, Glu-B1b, and Glu-D1a were most frequently found, and their frequency were 90.5, 95.0, and 65.1%, respectively. By using Glu-1 scoring system(Payne, 1987), the score of Korean landrace ranged from 4 to 10. Most of accessions had low score under 7(91%), but 4 accessions(IT161214, IT166434, IT166452, IT173162) having Glu-D1d were evaluated as 10 out of 10. To clarify the allelic variation of Glu-1 loci which decides HMW glutenin subunit composition of East and West Asian landrace wheats, SDS-PAGE and DNA marker analysis were conducted using 1,091 common wheat genetic resources of RDA genebank. The origins of samples were Korea, China, Japan, Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan,Caucasus, and Middle East Asia such as Egypt, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, etc. East Asia samples,wheats from China had distinct characteristic.
Whereas Glu-A1c and Glu-B1b allele are the most frequent in Korean and Japanese samples, Glu-A1a and Glu-B1c are the most in Chinese accessions. The accessions from China also has high PIC value(0.53) compared to Korea(0.35) and Japan(0.35). When it comes to West Asian landrace wheats, wheat from Afghanistan, known as the origin of wheat, has unexpectedly low genetic diversity of Glu-1 loci(0.22), but its neighboring area has high genetic diversity(0.50). Grouping by UPGMA anlysis of combination of Glu-1 allele, the samples from Korea and Afghanistan are in the same group and the samples are from China and Middle East Asia are in the same group regardless of geographical distance.The evaluation of bread baking quality by Glu-1 scoring system, 34 accessions are perfect 10. 17samples among them were also matured before early June, suitable to Korean cropping system. Especially, 3 accessions(K151847,K151865,K151962) has extremly early maturity, ripened even in late May.