초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
인공강우 처리기간 동안 조립식 수발아 유도하우스 내부의 일평균 기온과 상대습도가 각각 23℃와 87%로서 노지의 강우시 조건과 유사하여, 자연조건을 반영한 효과적인 수발아 유도 시스템으로 생각되었다. 인공강우 기간에 따른 수발아 양상을 평가한 결과, 백중밀은 인공강우 1일에 23%의 수발아율을 보였고 이후 크게 증가하여 인공강우 3일에 95% 이상의 높은 수발아율을 보였으며, 금강밀의 경우 인공강우 2일부터 다소 증가하여 인공강우 3일에 25%의 수발아율을 보였고, 이후 강우 6일까지 증가하였다. 한편, 금강

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
인공강우 처리기간 동안 조립식 수발아 유도하우스 내부의 일평균 기온과 상대습도가 각각 23℃와 87%로서 노지의 강우시 조건과 유사하여, 자연조건을 반영한 효과적인 수발아 유도 시스템으로 생각되었다. 인공강우 기간에 따른 수발아 양상을 평가한 결과, 백중밀은 인공강우 1일에 23%의 수발아율을 보였고 이후 크게 증가하여 인공강우 3일에 95% 이상의 높은 수발아율을 보였으며, 금강밀의 경우 인공강우 2일부터 다소 증가하여 인공강우 3일에 25%의 수발아율을 보였고, 이후 강우 6일까지 증가하였다. 한편, 금강밀과 백중밀의 수발아율은 개화 후 35일 처리보다 개화 후 45일 처리에서 높았다. 금강밀과 백중밀은 일평균 습도가 80%이상 유지된 조건에서 수발아율이 가장 크게 증가하였으며, 이러한 조건이 1일 이상 지속되면 강우가 격일로 발생하여도 습도가 80% 이하인 조건에서보다 수발아율이 빠르게 증가하는 것으로 나타났음
밀 유전자원별 종실 용출물의 전기전도도는 수발아율과 고도로 유의한 정의상관을 보였는데, 이것은 밀 유전자원의 수발아저항성을 검정할 수 있는 간편한 방법으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다. 밀 유전자원별로 휴면성 정도와 수발아율은 상관관계를 보였는데, 휴면성이 소실된 경우 모든 유전자원의 수발아율 높았다. ABA 처리 농도가 높아짐에 따라 유근신장의 억제효과는 금강밀과 우리밀 모두에서 확인되었으나, 품종간 차이는 분명하지 않았다. 한편, 우리밀 종피추출물의 처리농도가 증가함에 따라 금강밀의 발아는 현저하게 억제되었으나, 금강밀 종피추출물 처리의 경우 농도별 발아율 억제효과의 차이가 적었는데, HPLC 시스템으로 수발아저항성이 상이한 밀 품종별 종피추출물 함유성분을 분석한 결과로부터 양적인 차이를 보이는 다수의 폐놀계 성분들이 존재 가능성이 확인되었다.
용출고형물(TDS) 측정기를 이용하여 밀의 수발아 정도를 간편하게 판별하는 방법을 개발하였는데, 수발아 피해정도에 따른 용출고형물 측정시 정상종자는 47.5∼72.0ppm, 외관상 미발아종자는 17.0∼41.5ppm, 수발아종자는 76.0∼143.5ppm의 측정값을 나타내었다. 수발아 진행정도에 따른 이용성 판정기준을 설정하였는데, 금강밀 정상종자에 외관상 미발아종자가 10∼20% 혼합되었을 때 크래커용으로 사용가능하며, 외관상 미발아종자가 80%정도 섞였을때는 가공품 용도로 사용가능하나, 수발아종자가 20%이상 섞였을 때는 식품이용에 부적합 한 것으로 생각되었다.
품종간 차이 및 휴면성 유지 여부에 따른 영향으로 발현양 차이를 나타내는 33개 배아 단백질을 분류한 결과 수발아저항성 품종인 수강밀의 휴면종자는 수강밀의 휴면성이 소거된 수강밀 종자 및 수발아감수성 품종인 백중밀의 종자보다 총 17개 단백질의 발현이 증가하였고, 16개 단백질의 발현이 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 수강밀과 백중밀 종자에서 인공강우 처리에 따른 단백질의 발현양의 차이를 보이며 생물학적 기능이 알려진 총 32개 단백질을 수발아저항성 연관 단백질로 선발하였다.

Abstract ▼

In this study, using a reliable evaluation system for pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) of wheat, it was aimed to develop a evaluation method for the degree of PHS damage and to examine the availability of the PHS-damaged products for food. As an basic study, search for protein markers associated with PHS

In this study, using a reliable evaluation system for pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) of wheat, it was aimed to develop a evaluation method for the degree of PHS damage and to examine the availability of the PHS-damaged products for food. As an basic study, search for protein markers associated with PHS tolerance using proteomics and bioinformatics tools
Since the artificial rain treatment condition in this study, in which daily average air temperature and relative humidity was 23℃ and 87 ℃, respectively, is similar to the field condition during rain, the experiment condition was thought to be effective and reliable for inducing PHS in the field.
It was evaluated The pattern and degree of PHS damage pattern affected by the treatment level of artificial rain and duration of grain maturing. cv. Baegjoong showed 23% of PHS rate at the first day of rain treatment, and reached more than 95% of PHS rate at 3 days of rain treatment. PHS rate of cv. Keumkang begain to increase at 2 days of rain treatment and continued to increase until 6 days of rain treatment. PHS rate of cv. Bagjoong and cv. KeumKang was higher when they were rain treated at 45 days after anthesis than treated 35 days after anthesis. cv. Bagjoong and cv. KeumKang showed the highest PHS rate in the condition that daily average humidity was maintained at more than 80%. And if this condition was continued more than a day, PHS rate would increase more rapidly, although rain is treated every other day, comparing to the condition that relative humidity is less than 80%.
To examine seed dormancy effect on PHS tolerance, Using wheat genetic resources, the difference of PHS pattern was tested. Together with the test of seed germination affected by ABA and the solution extracted from bran, HPLC analysis was carried out to know the difference of chemical properties included in the bran extract of wheat seeds. PHS rate of wheat generic resources showed a positive correlation with electric conductivity(EC) value of solution, which was extracted from grains of wheat genetic resources after soaked in distilled water for 6 hours. Since the correlation was very significant, this EC method would provide a simple and easy method for screening PHS tolerance in wheat genetic resources. PHS tolerance of wheat genetic resources was negatively correlated with their seed dormancy, in particular, wheat genetic resources, whose seed dormancy was disappear or very low, showed very high PHS rate. As the level of ABA concentration increased, growth inhibition of young root in the seeds of cv. Kumkang and cv. Woori became more clear, but varietal difference of the inhibition effect was not noticeable. On the other hand, the germination rate of cv. Keumkang was more reduced as the concentration of bran extracts from cv. Woori increased, but it was not clear whether germination inhibition effect of bran extracts from cv. Keumkang is concentration dependent or not. From HPLC analysis of bran extracts from wheat cultivars varying in PHS tolerance, HPLC chromatogram revealed that there is a various phenolic compounds showing quantitative difference among wheat cultivars.
A study was carried out to evaluate the physico-chemical properties and flour quality of wheat applying the PHS process. Kumgangmil cultivar cultivated commonly in Korea was treated using the artificial sprout-induced utility (Patent 20-0471204) and divided into groups treated at varying degrees of PHS. The groups were group Con (normal seeds), groupⅠ(germinating seeds within the grain but no apparent difference), and groupⅢ(seeds with complete PHS). Significant differences on the physico-chemical properties and flour quality of Wheat at varying degrees of PHS were observed. Findings showed that the length (mm), seed weight (g), redness values (a), yellowness values (y), % protein content, and % sedimentation of groupsⅠandⅡ were lower than the group Con. Milling yield decreased in groupsⅠ(20.9%) andⅡ(20.7%) compared to group Con. Starch properties such as % total starch content, peak viscosity, and breakdown viscosity were lower in groupsⅠ and Ⅱ than the group Con. Farinograph the stability of dough (min) in groupsⅠandⅡ decreased 31% and 90%, respectively compared to group Con. Findings of the study will provide useful information in extending the use of Wheat.
Shotgun protomics study was carried out to examine the after-ripening effect on the seed dormancy and embryo protein expressions in water imbibed seeds of two wheat cultivars; contrasting in PHS tolerance. The seeds harvested in 2012 were used as the after-ripened, and the seeds harvested in 2013 were used as the dormant. After 20 and 40 hours of water imbibition, the seeds were collected and lyophilized. About 50 embryos isolated from the seeds were used for quantitative proteomics analyses. A total of 228 proteins were identified by iTRAQ, of which 148 showed differential expression. In the PHS tolerant cultivar (cv. Sukang), the expression of 22 proteins were increased and 24 proteins were decreased by after-ripening effect. Forty proteins showed varietal difference in the level of their expressions. In the tolerant cultivar, the expression of 33 proteins was affected by both after-ripening effect and varietal difference. Functional annotation revealed that differential expressions of proteins involved in DNA binding, ATP binding, enzymes for various biological processes and, more specifically, globulin 3, histones and oxylipin biosynthetic process are affected by after-ripening in the embryo of PHS tolerant cultivar. Besides, a total of 32 proteins were identified in the embryos of cv. Sukang and cv. Baegjoong after 12 and 20 hours of artificial rain treatment. These proteins, showing clear quantitative difference and associated biological process of grains, were selected as PHS tolerance associated proteins.