초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
<제1세부과제>
○ 버섯 호흡특성에 맞는 MA 필름 개발
- 개발필름을 적용하였을 때 팽이버섯과 큰느타리버섯의 품질저하 원인인 변색, 이취를 동시에 억제하며 선도유지기간이 연장됨
- MA필름 처리별 상품성 유지 기간
· 팽이버섯(8℃) : (관행필름) 9일 → (개발필름) 13일
· 큰느타리버섯(8℃) : (관행필름) 6일 → (개발필름) 9일
<제2세부과제>
○ 신선도 유지기간 연장을 위한 이산화탄소 전처리 효과 구명
- 큰느타리버섯의 수확후 30% CO₂

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
<제1세부과제>
○ 버섯 호흡특성에 맞는 MA 필름 개발
- 개발필름을 적용하였을 때 팽이버섯과 큰느타리버섯의 품질저하 원인인 변색, 이취를 동시에 억제하며 선도유지기간이 연장됨
- MA필름 처리별 상품성 유지 기간
· 팽이버섯(8℃) : (관행필름) 9일 → (개발필름) 13일
· 큰느타리버섯(8℃) : (관행필름) 6일 → (개발필름) 9일
<제2세부과제>
○ 신선도 유지기간 연장을 위한 이산화탄소 전처리 효과 구명
- 큰느타리버섯의 수확후 30% CO₂ 3시간 처리는 무처리에 비해 경도와 색도가 유지되어 상온(20℃)에서 3일, 저온(5℃)에서 7일간의 신선도 유지기간 연장 효과가 있음
- 50% 이상의 CO₂ 처리는 저장후기에 품질이 낮아지며 30% 처리에 비해 효과가 낮은 경향을 보임
- 팽이버섯의 CO₂ 전처리는 뚜렷한 효과를 나타내지 않음
○ 수출 최적 환경 설정을 위한 모의 수출환경 적용 실험
- 모의수출 유통실험(3℃ 5주 선적 → 7℃ 2주 유통)에서 5주간의 선적 직후 품질 차이는 크지 않았으나 유통 중 신선도가 급격히 변하여 30% CO₂ 처리구가 무처리에 비해 유통기간이 2주 연장됨
○ 버섯 수출 최적환경 프로토콜 작성
- 다양한 운송기간이 소요되는 수출국에 따른 큰느타리버섯의 수확후관리 체계도를 작성
<제3세부과제>
○ 버섯 수확 후 발생하는 주요 생리장해 유형 및 발생 조건을 연구
- 팽이버섯의 상온 및 저온 저장중 발생되는 생리장해 유형 탐색
- 느타리버섯의 저온 저장중 발생되는 생리장해 유형 탐색
- 큰느타리버섯의 저온 저장중 발생되는 생리장해 유형 탐색
○ 주요 생리장해 현상을 대사수준(metabolism)에서 연구
- Lysine, leucine의 감소 : 갈변 시 유도되는 melanoidin 생합성의 기질로 사용됨
- Trehalose의 감소 : 단당류(glucose, fructose)의 증가 및 수분 손실 촉진, Xylose의 증가는 세포벽 구성 성분인 hemicellulose의 분해 산물 중 하나이며 이취 발생의 원인일 수 있음
- Lysine, leucine, trehalose, glucose, fructose, xylose는 갈변 현상을 예측하는 후보물질이 될 수 있음
<제4세부과제>
○ 버섯 수확후 최적 유통환경 조건 설정 및 제어 연구
- 느타리버섯의 필름포장에 의한 선도 유지 효과
· 경도, 호흡률, 외관 등의 품질인자들이 가장 오랫동안 유지된 필름은 제올라이트 7%와 일라이트 5%를 각각 적용한 기능성 필름이었으며, 기존 2주 이내의 저장성을 보인 대조군에 비하여 1-2주 정도 저장성을 더 연장하여 느타리버섯의 유통기한을 최대 28일 이상까지 연장시킬 수 있는 효과를 가져왔다고 판단됨
○ 버섯 수확후 최적 유통환경 실증 연구를 통한 현장적용 실용화
- 시제품 개발 완료 : 레시피 확정
*0.02 ~ 0.03 mm 두께
*3 Layer방식으로 필름 제작
- 국립원예특작과학원 버섯 선도유지 효과 검토 (제1세부과제 수행)
- 업체와 연계 협의 : 국내 영농조합법인과 업무 협의 완료
- 수출을 위한 무역업체와 해외 현지 유통망 조사 / 베트남, 캄보디아 등 / 2014년

Abstract ▼

○ Development of modified atmosphere packaging film on fresh mushrooms
This study was carried out to investigate effective modified atmosphere condition on winter mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) and king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii ) during cold storage for the various packaging materials.

○ Development of modified atmosphere packaging film on fresh mushrooms
This study was carried out to investigate effective modified atmosphere condition on winter mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) and king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii ) during cold storage for the various packaging materials. Quality and sensory evaluation parameters of stem firmness, skin color, off-flavor, overall quality were monitored during low temperature storage. Functional packaging film produced by using film forming composition comprising metallocene polyethylene, tourmaline, and minerals was selected for mushroom modified atmosphere packaging film because discoloration and off-flavor is suppressed at the same time and effective in maintaining marketability of mushrooms among the treatments.
○ Development of export protocol on fresh mushrooms
King oyster mushrooms and enoki mushroom are the biggest mushroom for exporting in Korea but their browning and soft rot is the main factors of claim during long distance transportation. This project is conducted to develop postharvest handling protocols which maintain quality of mushrooms during long distance exporting. In order to prolong freshness of mushrooms we tried CO₂ treatment on them after harvest. As a result of CO₂ treatment, it was effective on king oyster mushroom, which showed 3 days(20℃) and 7 days(5℃) extension maintaining firmness and color, compared to untreated mushrooms. It didn’t show the distinct effect of CO₂ treatment on enoki mushroom. We applied the CO₂ treatment to simulate exporting experiment for king oyster mushroom and confirmed that it was effective even when the transportation period was as long as 5 weeks. Based on the result, we set up the optimum postharvest handling protocols depending on exporting country.
○ Research on postharvest physiological disorder and mechanism of fresh mushrooms
The shelf-life of fresh mushrooms is notably limited because their browning, texture change, and decay are too fast after immediately harvest. Especially, the best management for extending enoki mushroom’s shelf-life is modified atmosphere packaging under pressure vacuum at cold storage. In this study, three types of films, 20 μm oriented polypropylene (OPP) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) were tested to extend the shelf-life of golden needle mushrooms. Mushrooms were packed under pressure vacuum and stored at 10℃ for 2 weeks. The golden mushrooms in LDPE film as a commercial packaging, were highly perishable and immediately proceed deterioration as browning, elongation, fluctuation of respiratory quotient (RQ) and softening within 7 days after packaging. On the other hand, the mushrooms in OPP film shown that shelf-life were extend to 14 days from 7 days, causing delay breakup of vacuum and maintenance of color, length, and RQ during storage.
This present study indicated that the enoki mushrooms by OPP packaging under pressure vacuum treatment might be extended the shelf-life until approximately 14 days during cold storage. Based on metabolic profiling of stipe using GC-MS, the hypothesis that this disorder is due to an instability of primary and secondary metabolites was investigated. Total 29 metabolites were used to PCA analysis using R program packed with FactoMiner. All metabolite contents were calculated by relative score with internal standard. The browning stipe were determined the relative contents of xylose, glucose, fructose, palmitoleic acid, and linoleic acid higher than normal stipe whereas their trehalose, leucine, lysine contents were less than normal stipe. These major metabolites could be useful to marker compounds for prediction of browning stipe in enoki mushroom. Changed metabolites between normal and browning mushroom related with glycolysis (TCA cycle), fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid degradation.
○ Demonstration test of MA film on fresh mushrooms
Postharvest application in edible mushroom is important more than the higher plants because the respiration and metabolism of mushroom are very vigorous and rapidly their weight loss to be altered. In this study, the functional films were applied to extend the shelf-life of oyster mushrooms. Nine kinds of functional films in the experiment were tested and the commercial films as 20 μm LDPE and perforated PE films were used as a control. The firmness and respiration rate of oyster mushroom packed by zeolites and iliite PE films were maintain the freshness more than 7 days compared to the control. In detail, the oyster mushroom packed with the 0.02mm PE films containing 7% zeolite and 5% illite were extended the shelf-life more than 28 days, respectively. Further, we could be established a film production process using our results, and plans to apply to the export and domestic distribution site.