초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
제 1 세부과제
국내에서는 시도가 거의 되지 않았던 조사료용 콩 품종육성에 대한 연구는 총 7개의 조합 900여 계통을 조사료용 콩 선발에 이용하여 최종적으로 2개의 우량 계통을 육성하였으며, 국내 최초로 조사료용 콩을 품종보호 출원하였다. 품종보호 출원을 한 2개의 사료용 콩 품종은 제2 세부과제에 의해 옥수수와 혼작에 의해 조사료 생산성 향상 및 품질 향상 가능성이 있는 것으로 평가 되었다. 또한 200개의 야생콩을 이용하여 조사료 수량 및 품질을 평가하여 우수한 계통을 선발하였다. 이들 선발된 계통

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
제 1 세부과제
국내에서는 시도가 거의 되지 않았던 조사료용 콩 품종육성에 대한 연구는 총 7개의 조합 900여 계통을 조사료용 콩 선발에 이용하여 최종적으로 2개의 우량 계통을 육성하였으며, 국내 최초로 조사료용 콩을 품종보호 출원하였다. 품종보호 출원을 한 2개의 사료용 콩 품종은 제2 세부과제에 의해 옥수수와 혼작에 의해 조사료 생산성 향상 및 품질 향상 가능성이 있는 것으로 평가 되었다. 또한 200개의 야생콩을 이용하여 조사료 수량 및 품질을 평가하여 우수한 계통을 선발하였다. 이들 선발된 계통들은 차후 야생콩과 재배콩의 인공교배에 의한 조사료 용 콩 품종 육성에 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

제 2 세부과제
조사료용 콩의 단위면적당 건물 생산성 및 사료가치 생산성 검정 연구를 통해 조사료용 콩 생산을 위한 재식밀도 확정(70 × 10~15cm, 1주 1본), 시비량 확정 (콩 표준시비의 1.5배시비) 및 조사료용 콩 재배에 따른 경제성 분석으로 조사료용 콩의 재배가 농가 소득에 기여할 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다.
옥수수와 사료용 콩의 혼작에 의한 조사료 생산성 및 품질 평가 연구에서는 본 연구과제중 가장 큰 성과를 거두었다고 할 수 있는 결과를 얻었다. 혼작에 의해 조사료의 생산성 및 품질개선의 가능성을 확인하였고 경제성을 분석 해 보았을 때 옥수수 단작 보다는 높은 경제적 가치가 있는 것으로 평가되었다 혼작 시 필요한 혼작유형 (옥수수 포기사이에 콩 파종) 과 옥수수와 콩의 혼작 비율 (옥수수:콩 = 1:2-3)을 결정하였다.
조사료용 콩 작부체계 확립 및 친환경 저투입 생산체계 구축연구는 동계 대표적인 노지 원예작물인 양파와 마늘 동계 사료작물인 트리티케일 라이밀 및 보리의 후작으로 조사료 용 콩을 심었을 때 조사료용 콩의 수량과 경제성을 검토하여 동계작물과 조사료용 콩의 작부유형을 개발하였다
조사료용 콩 최적 수확시기 구명연구에서는 재배콩, 야생콩, 야생콩 × 재배콩에서 선발된 계통 등을 시험 재료로 콩 생육단계별로 조사료의 수량 품질을 검정하여 최적 수확시기를 결정(R6) 하였다 개발 품종의 종자 생산 연구에서는 육성된 2개의 사료용 콩이 대조품종에 비해 종자수량은 다소 떨어지지만 종자의 크기가 작아 단위면적당 종자의 수를 확보 하는데 문제가 없는 것으로 평가되었고 농가보급 및 다양한 후속 연구를 위한 종자를 확보하였다.
개발 품종을 이용한 조사료 생산시 기계화 가능성 검토 연구에서는 사료용 콩을 재배하였을 때 생산비 절약을 위한 생력화가 가능한지를 현재의 옥수수 조사료 생산 기계를 대상으로 실시하였다. 현재의 옥수수 파종기를 이용해서는 옥수수와 사료용 콩의 혼작을 위한 동시 파종이 불가능한 것으로 판명이 되어 동시파종이 가능한 파종기 개발의 필요성을 제시하였다. 혼파한 조사료를 수확할 때의 문제점 여부를 확인하기 위해 기존의 옥수수 수확기를 이용하여 수확한 결과 전혀 문제점을 발견하지 못하였고, 사료용 콩만을 수확하여 곤포작업을 하였을 때도 기존의 곤포 기계로 모두 작업이 가능한 것으로 평가되었다. 따라서 혼작에 의한 조사료 생산시에 주요 기존의 기계로 대부분 기계화가 가능한 것을 확인하여 조사료 생력화에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대가 된다.

Abstract ▼

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], an edible legume, is one of the most important major crops in the world along with rice and wheat since its seed is high in protein and other nutrients for humans and animals. Soybean has a high value not only in foods but as a raw material for the various industria

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], an edible legume, is one of the most important major crops in the world along with rice and wheat since its seed is high in protein and other nutrients for humans and animals. Soybean has a high value not only in foods but as a raw material for the various industrial products, bio-energy, and forages. Soybean is high in protein in the hay as well as in the grain, thus it is used as a supplement to other forages in which protein concentration is deficient.
The objectives of this study were to develope forage soybean varieties with high yield and forage quality, and establish soybean forage production system through various cultivating techniques.
To develop forage soybean cultivar, we have evaluated around 900 breeding lines based on forage yield and qualities across growing environments. A study was conducted to evaluate forage yield and quality at stage R6 from 25 selected lines from PI483463 x Hutcheson or 5-100 (G. max) x PI483463 and four common seed-type cultivars (Bosug, Pungsannamul, Taekwang, and Hutcheson). Hutcheson had the highest forage yield with 24.7t/ha in fresh weight (FW) and 6.6 t/ha in dry matter (DM) among cultivated grain soybeans. A selected line W11 had the highest FW (25.7t/ha) and DM (6.2t/ha) among G. max x G. soja selections. Generally the 25 selected lines derived from G. soja x G. max had thinner main stems and branches which lead to get more edible forage than cultivated soybeans. When selected lines were evaluated for their feed quality as per forage grade by American Forage and Grassland Council, 23 lines had a crude protein with more than 19%; 9 lines had a neutral detergent fiber below 40%; 23 lines had an acid detergent fiber below 31 %; 24 lines had a digestible dry matter of more than 65%; 13 lines had a dry matter intake of more than 3.0%, and 17 lines had an relative feed value higher than 151 or were equivalent to prime grade. And all of 25 inbred lines were equivalent to Grade 1. We have selected two forage soybean lines named "Chookdu 1" and "Chookdu 2" and asked cultivar protection to Korea seed & variety service. These two candidate soybean cultivars got excellent performance under mixed planting with forage com.
We also evaluated 200 wild soybeans (G. soja) to select accession with higher forage yield and quality to use further soybean breeding programs for forage soybean development. During the our test we have selected several promising wild soybeans for the future study.
To develop forage production techniques by using forage soybean we have conducted several studies such as determination planting density and amount of fertilizer, development of techniques for improving forage yield and quality by mixed planting between com and forage soybean, development of cropping system with forage soybean, determination of optimum forage harvesting time, seed production technique for new forage variety, and investigation for mechanization of forage production on soybean forage base.
Three planting densities, 70 (between rows) x 10cm (between plants) with 1 plant per hill, 70 x 15cm with 1 plant per hill, and 70 x 20cm with 1 plant per hill, were tested for breeding lines and cultivated checks. Result revealed that the forage yield higher in 70 x 10 or 70 x 15cm planting density than 70 x 20cm, however there was no difference for forage quality among planting densities. Also three fertilize levels, 30-34-30kg/ha=N-P-K, 45-51-45kg/ha=N-P-K, and 60-64-60kg/ha=N-P-K, were tested. Result showed that the forage yield for soybean was high in 45-51-45kg/ha=N-P-K among three levels and there was no difference for forage quality among fertilizer levels.
Forage yield and quality was assessed for three cropping patterns, soybean mono planting, corn mono planting, and mixed planting of soybean and com. A forage com cultivar, Kwangpyeongok, and three recombinant inbreed lines, W2, W4, and W11, which selected from G. soja (PI483463) x G. max (Hutcheson) were used in this study.
The mixed planting of soybean and com had higher value for forage yield than com mono cropping. The crude protein and crude fat content also increased when applied mixed planting of soybean and com than com mono cropping. There was some decrease for ADF and NDF, and increase for RFV in mixed planting of soybean and com than com mono cropping. These results revealed that the mixed planting of soybean and com will be a good cropping system to improve forage quality. The planting ratio between com and forage and planting pattern were tested. Forage yield and quality was higher value at the planting ratio com 1: soybean 2 and com 1: soybean 3 than com 1: soybean 1. Among the tested planting patterns, planting soybean between com in the same row showed comparable yield to com mono planting.
To develop new cropping system including forage soybean two cropping systems were tested. The two cropping systems were winter horticulture crops (onion and garlic) + forage soybean and winter forage crops (triticale, ryeglass, and barley) + forage soybean. In this test, we had reasonable forage yield on either cropping system.
Three wild soybeans were compared to three cultivated soybeans for forage yield and quality at the full bloom stage, full pod stage, and full seed stage (R6) of development. The wild soybeans had significantly lower forage yield than cultivated soybeans at R6 which was determined to be the best stage to harvest based on forage quantity and quality. Wild soybean also had lower crude fat (2.0%) and crude protein (17.7%) concentration than cultivated soybean (5.7 and 21.3%, respectively) at the R6 stage. There were no significant differences for neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and relative feed value among growth stages between cultivated and wild soybean. The neutral detergent fiber was 40.2 and 40.4%, acid detergent fiber was 26.1 and 27.5%, and relative feed value was 161 and 158 at R6 stage for cultivated and wild soybean, respectively. Wild soybean had less forage yield at harvest time but had similar forage quality comparable to cultivated soybean. However, wild soybeans have smaller and softer stems for potentially improved palatability and feed intake than cultivated soybeans. Therefore, it will be a good genetic source to improve forage characteristics of soybean.
Also, to determine forage yield and quality of forage soybean, three lines (W02, W09, and W11) derived from PI483463 (G. soja) x Hutcheson (G. max) and three cultivated soybeans (Daewon, Pungsannamul, and Bosug) were evaluated for forage yield and quality at the R2 (full bloom stage), R4 (full pod stage) and R6 (full seed stage) stages of development. Based on forage yield and quality, R6 was determined the optimal harvest stage to provide forage of high quality and adequate quantity for animals in both lines derived from G. soja x G. max and cultivated soybean.
Seed yield was tested for two candidate forage soybeans. Chookdu 1 and Chookdu 2 showed seed yield around 2.8t/ha which was lower seed yield compared to cultivated check Pungsannamul (3.6t/ha). The seed weight per 100 seeds was 7.8g and 8.2g for Chookdu 1 and Chookdu 2, respectively.
The possibility to use com seed planter, com forage harvester and wrap silage was also tested. We found that the com planter could not plant evenly com and soybean at the same time but other machines worked well to harvest forage for mixed planting and soybean along.