보고서 정보
주관연구기관 |
한국지질자원연구원 Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources |
연구책임자 |
신진수
|
참여연구자 |
지헌철
,
김근영
,
박정호
,
그외 다수
,
조창수
,
곽상민
,
이희일
,
조현무
,
선창국
,
송석구
|
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 |
한국어
|
발행년월 | 2015-12 |
과제시작연도 |
2015 |
주관부처 |
미래창조과학부 KA |
사업 관리 기관 |
한국지질자원연구원 Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources |
등록번호 |
TRKO201600000654 |
과제고유번호 |
1711027210 |
DB 구축일자 |
2016-04-23
|
키워드 |
지진,지진재해,지진원,지진관측,지반운동Earthquake,Seismic hazard,Seismic source,Seismic monitoring,Ground motion
|
초록
▼
□ 연차목표
○ 자료통합 수신체계 구축
○ 지진 조기경보 활용 기본기술 개발
○ 진원 단층모델 입력값 결정
○ 지진지반공학 특성 정량화
○ 지진파형 유사성 산정 및 진앙재결정
□ 개발내용 및 결과
○ 지진자료 통합기술 개발
- 지방자치단체 가속도 관측망(QSCD20) 수신 체계 구축
- 가속도 실시간 모니터링 및 강진동 관측 기반 구축
○ 지진분석 활용 기술 개발
- 지진조기경보활용을 위한 파라미터(EEP) 통합 체계 설계
- 지진조기경보 운영자 모니터링 및 시스템 성
□ 연차목표
○ 자료통합 수신체계 구축
○ 지진 조기경보 활용 기본기술 개발
○ 진원 단층모델 입력값 결정
○ 지진지반공학 특성 정량화
○ 지진파형 유사성 산정 및 진앙재결정
□ 개발내용 및 결과
○ 지진자료 통합기술 개발
- 지방자치단체 가속도 관측망(QSCD20) 수신 체계 구축
- 가속도 실시간 모니터링 및 강진동 관측 기반 구축
○ 지진분석 활용 기술 개발
- 지진조기경보활용을 위한 파라미터(EEP) 통합 체계 설계
- 지진조기경보 운영자 모니터링 및 시스템 성능 분석 도구 개발
○ 강지진동 시뮬레이션 기술 개발
- 지진원 단층 모델 입력값 결정 및 지진모델 발생기 성능 시험
- 지진원 변수 상관관계 연구
- 지진배경잡음 상호상관분석을 활용한 지진동 예측 기술 개발
○ 지반지진공학 특성 정량화
- 국외시범 터키 지역 지진공학적 지반특성 분석 및 국내와 비교
- 강진 지역 지반지진특성 정량화 DB 및 국내 시범해안도시 지반 DB 보완 구축
- 인천지역 지반 DB 연계 시범영역 지진지반재해 공간예측
○ 근해 및 내륙 발생 이벤트 정밀 분석
- 한반도 중서부 군집발생/유사파형이벤트군 산정 및 진앙재결정
- 강원도 탄광지역 미소이벤트 식별 및 유사성 분석
- 통합자료를 이용한 지진원 역산
□ 기대효과
○ KISS2G 기반 유관 기관 가속도 자료통합 및 실시간 활용 가능
○ 국가적으로 활용 가능한 지진조기경보용 파라미터의 통합 및 공유체계 마련 및 이를 활용한 지진조기경보의 효율성 극대화
○ 지진조기경보 시스템의 실시간 모니터링 가능
○ 독자적 강지진동 시뮬레이션 시스템 구축
○ 상대적으로 관측 자료가 적은 중대규모 지진에 대한 지진동 예측 기술 확보
○ 한반도 중서부 지역을 포함한 주요지역의 체계적 지진피해 예측평가 및 그에 따른 효율적 지진재해 저감 가능
○ 실용 가시적 중서부 광역 지역 지반지진응답 재해 복합정보의 활용을 통한 다양한 도시 사회 시설물의 종합 지진피해 평가 및 내진 대책 보완수립 가능
○ 지반특성 관련 최신 성과에 해당하는 지반동적특성과 지진유발 지반재해 지표 간의 실용적 관계로 도출된 결과는 한반도뿐만 아니라 제한적 영역 범위의 여러 국가들에 합리적 공간 활용개발의 토대 정보 활용
○ 한반도 내륙 및 근해 발생 유사군집이벤트군 정의를 통한 진앙재결정 관련 제반 과정의 체계적 수행
○ 파형상호상관 이용 미소이벤트 탐지를 통한 광산 및 지하수 관정 주변 등의 지진활동도 파악 및 유도지진 연구 가능성 제시
○ 한반도 발생 지진원 발진기구 신속 평가
□ 적용분야
○ 지진조기경보 파라미터 처리 및 지반진동 기반 조기경보 체계 기술 개발 적용을 통해 고속철도 대상 지진대응시스템 구축에 적용
○ 시뮬레이션을 통해서 얻어진 강지진동 자료는 시뮬레이션 기반지진재해 평가와 성능기반 내진설계 등에 활용 가능
○ 지진동 예측 기술은 주요 시설의 지진 내구성 강화 연구에 필요한 입력정보로 활용
○ 건설 및 건축 관련 분야, 통신, 사회 인프라시설 등의 국토 기반 산업들의 내진 설계와 성능평가에서 지반증폭 정량변수로 직접 적용
○ 제한적 지진관측 자료의 보완적 예측 자료 지원 정보로서 광역부지지진응답 특성정보의 전문가적 활용
○ 국내 최적 지반지진특성 DB 및 지진지반재해 복합정보는 국내 뿐만 아니라 국외 다양한 유사 지반특성에도 이용될 수 있으므로 실제 국토 개발과 국외 건설 현장에서 기본적 내진설계 방법으로 적용 가능
○ 한국지질자원연구원의 장기간 축적된 지진관측/분석 자료로부터 파형상호상관을 이용하여 미분석이벤트 식별 및 정밀 진앙 재결정 결과 도출, 또한 향후 한반도 근해 및 내륙 발생 이벤트에 대하여 지속적 활용
○ 광산 및 지하수 관정 주변 등에서 발생하는 미소이벤트 탐지
○ 국내 부지에 대한 지진원 안정성 평가
Abstract
▼
Nowadays in Korea, seismic networks are wildly spread by not only seismic related organizations such as KMA, KIGAM but also local government and public institution. Hence many of seismic data were produced in near real-time from free-field sites and stations on structure. To manage those data KISS(K
Nowadays in Korea, seismic networks are wildly spread by not only seismic related organizations such as KMA, KIGAM but also local government and public institution. Hence many of seismic data were produced in near real-time from free-field sites and stations on structure. To manage those data KISS(Korea integrated seismic service) as an infrastructure were expanded to KISS 2nd generation to deal with acceleration data. Also KISStool and KISSnet were announced as glue to attach to KISS2G. Those tools relevant to KISS are most important part of a framework for integrating seismic network in Korea. Currently(as of November 2015) we receive over 1,500 QSCD20 data based on 20sps data from acceleration sensor in near real-time. Automatic earthquake processing systems were established by using s-picker of SeisComP3 for acceleration data from nationwide. To archive stability and accuracy of national earthquake early warning system we developed a real-time monitoring scheme for operator. Also web interface were developed to analyze performance of EEW using by tools of big data sets. A definition of parameter for earthquake early warning and an integrated system for managing EEP were proposed. Using these technologies we can expect to get high reliability of EEW. Based on EEP-Pool we can test and implement new algorithm and various applications more easily without extra computing costs.
Accurate prediction of ground motion intensity and its variability is a critical element in seismic hazard assessment. Empirical ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) have been widely used in the community, but they suffer from the lack of observed ground motion data. Simulation-based approaches have become popular, given advanced earthquake rupture and wave propagation modeling methods and fast growing computing resources. In this project, we develop a probabilistic finite earthquake source modeling method to generate scenario rupture models for simulating strong ground motions. We analyze 165 dynamic rupture models to extract 1-point and 2-point statistics of kinematic source parameters and they are used to construct a generalized source statistics model for Mw 6.5 ~ 7.0. We simulate synthetic broadband ground motions using the scenario rupture models at the broadband platform developed by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). Our validation tests against empirical GMPEs show that the characteristics of synthetic ground motions are mostly compatible with those derived from the GMPEs. Synthetic ground motion modeling methods developed in this project may be used for simulation-based seismic hazard assessment and various types of earthquake engineering researches, especially for performance-based earthquake engineering. In addition, ground motion can be predicted by retrieving both phase and amplitude information from cross-correlation of ambient seismic noise, which are generated by ocean waves. Prediction of ground motion by ambient seismic noise cross-correlation does not require detailed subsurface velocity model and intensive computation for wave propagation simulation. In this project, we investigate the capability of ground motion prediction by the ambient seismic noise cross-correlation with a seismic event of Mw 4.0, which occurred with a limestone mine collapse at Samcheok in January 2015. This limestone-mine event provides an opportunity to test the efficiency of the ambient seismic wave field in retrieving both phase and amplitude information of Green’s functions due to the single force mechanism of the collapse event. In other words, both focal depth and double-couple mechanism corrections are not required for this event. The surface wave ground motion retrieved from the ambient seismic wave field cross-correlation are comparable to those generated by the event.
The number of earthquake events keeps increasing every year, and the recent cases of earthquake hazards invoke the necessity of seismic study in Korea, as geotechnical earthquake hazards, such as strong ground motion, liquefaction and landslides, are a significant threat to structures in port or downtown areas such as Incheon in Korea. To spatially predict geotechnical seismic characteristics across an area of interest, existing borehole drilling data in and near the area can be efficiently used as a basic resource, and geotechnical expert knowledge can also be used to enhance prediction reliability. First of all, geotechnical characteristic values were collected from Turkey as representative strong-motion area, and the corresponding site-specific quantification of geotechnical normalized parameters in aspect of earthquake engineering was conducted based on statistical comparison. And the site-specific design ground motions in earthquake-resistant design standard of Korea were considered for suitable site classification. And domestic and foreign dynamic ground properties (Japan, USA, Italia, Greece, and Taiwan) from shear wave velocity tests were collected and constructed as quantitative database. Based on the database, expert comparative study was conducted, and site-specific classifications of shear wave velocity and site period depending on site were established. In addition, complementary collection of additional geotechnical dataset from knowledge-based site survey were performed for construction of integrated geotechnical database of Incheon in Korea. The database are managed and spatial information as geostatistical distribution map of geo-layers based on the developed management system. The systemized framework of integrated assessment of earthquake-induced geo-hazard was established using advanced geospatial database. And a visible simulation of the framework was specifically conducted at the two model area in Incheon, Korea. First, geospatial grid information in the 3D domain were constructed with geostatistical interpolation method composed of multi geospatial coverage mapping and 3D integration of geo-layer construction considering spatial outliers and geotechnical uncertainty. Second, the behavior of site-specific seismic responses were computed by incorporating the depth to bedrock, mean shear wave velocity of the upper 30 m, and characteristic site period based on geospatial grid. Third, the normalized correlations between rock outcrop accelerations and the maximum accelerations of each grid were determined considering the site-specific site response characteristics. Firth, the potential damage due to liquefaction was estimated by combining the geospatial grid and seismic load correlation grid based on the simplified liquefaction potential index (LPI) evaluation method.
There have been low to moderate seismicity in the Korean peninsula. Interpreting earthquakes with small- to medium-size has difficulty because epicenters of these earthquakes are not clearly associated with major faults or boundaries of major geological units. We relocate events (ML 1.0 ~ 4.9) that occurred in the western part of South Korea (35.5 ~ 38.5 °N 124.5 ~ 128 °E) from January 2009 to January 2015. We first make 21 groups from 495 events with local magnitude greater than 2 using kernel density estimation in the studied area. Second, we cross-correlate and classify events for each group, and define a set comprised of events with cross-correlation coefficient (CC) greater than 0.7. Events with local magnitude smaller than 2 are also assigned to a relevant set according to the value of CC (> 0.7). Finally, we relocate epicenters of events from the 6 sets using travel-time double-differences computed by cross-correlation for Lg-wave. Relocated epicenters are more clustered by a factor of several tens, and their spatial distribution reflect location of classified events. For some earthquake sequences with good station coverage, the relocated epicenters lead us to reveal spatio-temporal migration of events, and is able to image structure of seismicity associated with a fault in fine-scale. And we have studied induced seismicity associated with Dogye coal mine located in the eastern part of Korea. From May 2009 to March 2014, 222 events that occurred at the mining area were reported in our catalog with local magnitudes ranging from 0.6 to 2.4. For 67 events we can observe that the epicenters relocated by the double difference technique with Lg waveform cross-correlation image location of the six clusters classified according to waveform similarity. On May 2014 a broadband seismometer is installed in the mine office to understand seismicity of the mining area. We cross-correlate continuous data of the installed station recorded from June 2014 to May 2015. There is a comb-like waveform observed regularly in the continuous data, and the comb-like waveform with length of 30 to 60 minutes is a signal train composed of a blast every 30 seconds. We consider the comb-like signal related directly to mining activity from the fact that the signal train appears averagely four times a day on weekdays with its monotonic amplitude. Besides the comb-like signal, events with an irregular occurrence time and amplitude is detected from the one-year continuous record of the installed station. We suggests that most of the undefined events are formed from fracturing in response to stress-perturbation on an active mining face or represent slip in existing shear zones such as a fault or dike.
Focal mechanisms for events of earthquake are important to derive from earthquake data in order to identify the slip mechanism of the earthquake. Generally The methods and softwares for solution of focal mechanism were widely open to seismologist. It is not easy to get reliable focal mechanism for earthquake with these tools. Especially in the case of small earthquake to get the good focal mechanism is difficult. FOCMEC was used to calculate the focal mechanism for small earthquake in this study. This software was widely used to get focal mechanism for small earthquake with polarities of first wave motion and amplitude ratio for P-wave and SV-wave. It is important automatically to extract the polarities of the first waveform motion and the amplitude ratio of SV/P with high reliability. Filter picker is applied to pick the phases from waveforms. Relocation for the earthquake is fulfilled with the first break phases. Then All phases picked by filter picker are identified with the information of relocation. Moment tensor inversion is applied for earthquake data having the frequency band between 0.5 and 1.0 Hz in the case that earthquake event with over 3.0 magnitude contain very low signal to noise for data of frequency band below 0.1 Hz. Focal mechanisms for earthquake events that occurred in the korea peninsula in 2005 were analyzed. And the simulation code of 3-D finite difference method with second order ADE(auxiliary differential equation)-PML(perfectly matched layer) for viscoelastic wave propagation was developed. The forward simulation with the reciprocity , Strain Green's tensors for 3D moment tensor inversion was applied innovatively to reduce much time to calculate.
목차 Contents
- 표지 ... 1
- 제 출 문 ... 2
- 연차보고서 요약서 ... 3
- 요 약 문 ... 5
- S U M M A R Y ... 9
- C O N T E N T S ... 13
- 목차 ... 15
- 표목차 ... 17
- 그림목차 ... 19
- 제 1 장 연구개발 과제의 개요 ... 25
- 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 27
- 제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 30
- 제 1 절 지진 통합 인프라 구축 및 활용 기술 개발 ... 30
- 1. 지진자료 통합 기술 개발 ... 30
- 2. 지진분석 활용 기술 개발 ... 42
- 제 2 절 지진 지반운동 예측기술 개발 ... 53
- 1. 강지진동 시뮬레이션 기술 개발 ... 53
- 2. 지진지반공학 특성 정량화 ... 71
- 제 3 절 지진원 통합 정밀 분석 ... 140
- 1. 근해 및 내륙 발생 이벤트의 진앙 군집성 및 파형 유사성 산정 ... 140
- 2. 통합자료를 이용한 지진원 역산 ... 175
- 제 4 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 193
- 제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 195
- 제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 197
- 제 7 장 참고문헌 ... 199
- 끝페이지 ... 208
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