보고서 정보
주관연구기관 |
경상대학교 GyeongSang National University |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 |
한국어
|
발행년월 | 2016-02 |
과제시작연도 |
2015 |
주관부처 |
농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration(RDA) |
등록번호 |
TRKO201600003295 |
과제고유번호 |
1395039928 |
사업명 |
농업기후변화적응체계구축 |
DB 구축일자 |
2016-06-25
|
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201600003295 |
초록
▼
Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
단제 4종과 복합제 4종을 이용하여 EC50값을 측정한 결과 Validamycin-A가 19.2, Oxolinic acid가 28.9로 가장 적은 약량으로 살세균효과를 나타냈으며 복합제의 EC50의 경우 Streptomycin/Validamycin-A와 Polyoxin D/ Kasugamycin이 36.4로 단제와 비교하였을 때 살세균성 능력이 떨어지는 것으로 실험결과 확인되었다. 이를 바탕으로 포장에서 선발된 약제를 이용한 실험을 진행 한 결과 2013년, 2014년,
Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
단제 4종과 복합제 4종을 이용하여 EC50값을 측정한 결과 Validamycin-A가 19.2, Oxolinic acid가 28.9로 가장 적은 약량으로 살세균효과를 나타냈으며 복합제의 EC50의 경우 Streptomycin/Validamycin-A와 Polyoxin D/ Kasugamycin이 36.4로 단제와 비교하였을 때 살세균성 능력이 떨어지는 것으로 실험결과 확인되었다. 이를 바탕으로 포장에서 선발된 약제를 이용한 실험을 진행 한 결과 2013년, 2014년, 그리고 2015년 육묘재배지에서 모두 Oxolinic acid 80~97.28%로 가장 높은 방제효율을 보였으며 2013년 과 2014년 재배지에서는 Validamycin-A의 방제가가 92.6~98%로 높은 방제효율을 보였다. 약해 실험결과 EC50값과 방제가에서 딸기 세균성모무늬방제 약제로 적합성이 높은 Validamycin-A 0.02% 그리고 Oxolinic acid 0.02%로 약해가 없다고 보여 지는 유효값 0.1이하로 확인되었다.
PCR을 통하여 병원균의 생태를 확인한 결과 통하여 5월에서 6월의 육묘재배지에서는 높은 온도로 세균성 모무늬병원균의 생존이 토양과 물에서는 불가한 것으로 사료되며 유병묘가 재식된 포장의 경우 육묘재배지와 재배지모두에서 병원균이 확인되었다. 하지만 병이 발생하지 않았던 무병묘 포장에서 11월 부터 나타나는 것은 관수에 의해 이동된 병원균이 토양에 존재하게 된 것으로 보인다. 즉 2014년 재배지의 C포장의 관수를 이용한 PCR결과에서 토양보다 이른 9월부터 매우 미세한 밴드가 확인되었으므로 이를 통하여 관수를 통해 외부로부터 병원균의 유입이 가능하다는 것으로 보여진다.
세균성모무늬병 방제약제와 토양살균의 시너지효과를 검정하기 위한 실험의 결과, 밧사미드 처리에 방제효과가 없다고 보기는 어려우나 무병묘의 사용이 세균성모무늬병의 방제에 더욱 효과적일 것으로 사료된다. 이를 통하여 토양의 일정 세균성 모무늬병의 존재 가능성과 소독의 효과가 있음으로 사료된다.
자묘의 관수방법에 따른 딸기모무늬병 발병율을 비교한 결과 모주가 감염된 경우 두상 관수재배법에서 91.5%까지 세균병이 발병하였으며 생육이 진행됨에 따라 병반의 개수증가와 갈변증상이 동반되어 Disease Index 2.5까지 발달한 반면 점적관수에서는 수침상이 더 이상 발달되지 않았으므로 스프링클러 대신 점적호스 관수를 시행한다면 모무늬병의 발병을 현저히 줄일 수 있을 것으로 보여 진다. 모무늬병의 이병엽율을 감소시키기 위하여 고강도 적엽과 육묘기(고온기) 집중방제를 시행한 결과 고강도 적엽한 포장에서는 이병엽율이 10%수준으로 감소하였으나 고강도 적엽을 시행하지 않은 포장에서는 이병엽율이 29.0%까지 증가하였으므로 이를 통하여 모무늬 이병엽율을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.
딸기세균모무늬병 특이성이 확인된 프라이머조합을 사용하여 Xanthomonas 속 28종 병원균에 대하여 PCR을 진행한 결과 X. fragariae를 제외하고 모든 Xanthomonas 속은 핵산이 증폭되지 않았고 딸기세균모무늬병 진단용을 위해 검출한계를 조사한 결과 100개의 세균까지 검출이 가능하였으며 이를 통하여 딸기세균모무늬병 진단 방법모식도를 작성하였다. 국내에서 재배되고 있는 딸기 품종으로 금향 등 18품종에 대하여 저항성을 확인한 결과 모두 감수성으로 확인되었다.
Abstract
▼
Strawberry bacterial angular leaf spot (ALS) disease, caused by Xanthomonas fragariae has become increasingly problematic in the strawberry agro-industry. ALS causes small angular water-soaked lesions to develop on the abaxial leaf surface. Studies reported optimum temperature conditions for X. frag
Strawberry bacterial angular leaf spot (ALS) disease, caused by Xanthomonas fragariae has become increasingly problematic in the strawberry agro-industry. ALS causes small angular water-soaked lesions to develop on the abaxial leaf surface. Studies reported optimum temperature conditions for X. fragariae are 20℃ and the pathogen suffers mortality above 32℃. However, at the nursery stage, disease symptoms have been observed under high temperature conditions. In the present study, results showed X. fragariae transmission was via infected maternal plants, precipitation, and sprinkler irrigation systems. Systemic infections were detected using X. fragariae specific primers 241A/B, 245A/B and 295A/B, where 550bp, 300-bp and 615-bp were respectively amplified. During the nursery stage (from May to August), the pathogen was PCR detected only in maternal plants, but not in soil or irrigation water through the nursery stage. During the cultivation period, from September to March, the pathogen was detected in strawberry plants, maternal plants, progeny, and soil, but not in water. Additionally, un-infected plants, when planted with infected plants were positive for X. fragariae via PCR at the late cultivation stage. Chemical control for X. fragariae with oxolonic acid showed 87%~98% control effects against the disease during the nursery period, in contrast to validamycin-A, which exhibited increased efficacy against the disease during the cultivation stage (control effect 95%~98%). In cultivation stage in soil sterilization stage Validamycin (93.3%) showed reliable control effect against the disease. Also, soil non-sterilization stage with low control effect of Validamycin (80%) showed control effect the lower than a soil sterilization stage.
Angular leaf spot of strawberry is a bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas fragarie. European countries control strictly by designating it as quarantine restrict(A2 List). However, research about this disease is lacking in Korea. Strawberry nursery conditions for this disease incidence area were found that the plants were cultivated in the open field without covering material, mother plants infected by bacterial angular spot disease and over-head irrigation by sprinkler were used. This study investigated the effects of improvement of some of the cultural practices during nursing stage on the incidence of bacterial disease. Strawberry mother plants were planted in early April and their daughter plants were raised from end of May till early september. Two types of mother plants were used, infected by bacterial angular spot disease and bacteria-free. The irrigation methods for their daughter plants were over-head irrigation by sprinkler and drip irrigation. The infection rate of bacterial angular spot disease was investigated in mother plants and in their daughter plants. As growth of mother plants was advanced, number and size of the water soaked spot by bacterial disease was increased, which finally turned brown. In the infected mother plant-overhead irrigation treatment, infection rate of the mother plants was gradually increased to 41.2%, while incidence of bacterial disease on the daughter plant reached to 91%, showing the highest rate. In the infected mother plant-drip irrigation treatment, the disease incidence rate was rather decreased to 1.0% in the mother plant, while in the daughter plant was not observed. In case bacteria-free mother plant was used, regardless of irrigation methods, bacterial disease was not observed from the mother plants as well as from the daughter plants. In 2015, soil nursery(2014) was replaced to high bench nursery, the rate of infected was remarkably reduced in the mother plant to 22.8% and in the daughter plant to 24.0% as compared with 41.2% and 91% of 2014. When the infected leaves from mother plant were actively removed, to avoid contact with healthy leaves, the infection rate in the mother plant and daughter plant was more or less reduced. From the above results, it was judged that incidence rate of bacterial angular spot disease can be effectively controlled by replacing with bacteria-free mother plant to completely block the pathogen, and with drip irrigation to avoid shattering water drop and high humidity condition during strawberry nursery stage. We developed PCR primer set for detection of Xanthomonas fragariae. The primer set XF1F and XF3R targeting to 23S rRNA gene was amplified 2Kb amplicon. The primer set was specific for amplification of DNA from X. fragariae but not from strains of the genus Xanthomonas. Sensitivity of the primer set was high, dectected at 100 CFU/ml by PCR. Bacterial isolates from strawberry were identified as X. fragariae based on pathological, phenotypic and genotypic assays. All isolates were Gram negative. Isolates were positive for mucoid growth on yeast extract-dextrose-calcium carbonate agar, hydrolysis of starch, protein digestion, alkaline in litmus milk, and ice nucleation. Isolates were negative for growth on 35℃ and on SX medium, hydrolysis of esculin, acid production from arabinose, and utilization of glycerol and melibiose. Sequences from the genes of dnaK (940 bp), fyuA (698 bp), gyrB (865 bp), rpoD (873 bp) of Korean isolates were concatenated to give a total 3374 positions. The concatenated sequences shared 100% with those of the type strain of X. fragariae. The 18 cutlivars of strawberry, Geumhyang, Daewang, Dochinimine, Dochiodome, Red Pearl, Maehyang, Benihotbe, Bogyojosaeng, Sajjinoka, Seolhyang, Suhong, Sukhyang, Sweet Charlie, Ssanta, Akihime, Okmae, Jukhyang, Festival were susceptible to X. fragariae BC3191 two weeks after inoculation. The inoculated sites were necrosis and expanded, which were rated 4 based on evaluation of inoculation site.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.