보고서 정보
주관연구기관 |
과학기술정책연구원 Science & Technology Policy Institute |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 |
한국어
|
발행년월 | 2008-12 |
과제시작연도 |
2008 |
주관부처 |
교육과학기술부 Ministry of Education and Science Technology(MEST) |
등록번호 |
TRKO201600012588 |
과제고유번호 |
1345086448 |
사업명 |
과학기술자문연구조사비 |
DB 구축일자 |
2016-12-03
|
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201600012588 |
초록
▼
I. 추진 배경
[1] 기술혁신의 경제·사회적 중요성 증대
□ 신 성장 엔진 발굴과 사회문제 해결을 위해 기술혁신 중요성 증대
○ 우리나라 잠재성장률 기여요소 중 연구개발투자에 의한 총요소생산성(TFT)의 기여율은 1970년대 20%에서 2000년대 40%로 상승
○ 세계 경제위기는 우리나라에 위협요인이기도 하지만 R&D 투자 촉진을 통해 기술혁신을 가속화한다면 기회요인이 될 것
[2] 기술혁신 환경의 변화
□ 지식창출의 landscape변화로 기술혁신의 원천과 활용이 다변화
○
I. 추진 배경
[1] 기술혁신의 경제·사회적 중요성 증대
□ 신 성장 엔진 발굴과 사회문제 해결을 위해 기술혁신 중요성 증대
○ 우리나라 잠재성장률 기여요소 중 연구개발투자에 의한 총요소생산성(TFT)의 기여율은 1970년대 20%에서 2000년대 40%로 상승
○ 세계 경제위기는 우리나라에 위협요인이기도 하지만 R&D 투자 촉진을 통해 기술혁신을 가속화한다면 기회요인이 될 것
[2] 기술혁신 환경의 변화
□ 지식창출의 landscape변화로 기술혁신의 원천과 활용이 다변화
○ 과학기술의 급속한 발전에 따라 기술적 내용의 복잡성과 기술혁신의 불확실성이 한층 증대
○ 글로벌 시장 경쟁, 공급기업의 국제적 다변화 등 대부분의 산업에서 가치사슬의 국제화가 빠르게 진행
○ 고급 숙련인력의 유동성 증가, 중소·벤처기업의 역할 확대, 고부가가치 서비스 산업의 성장, R&D 비용의 증가 등 다양한 제도적, 구조적 변화가 진행
[3]새로운 기술혁신시스템의 모색 필요
□ 외부 협력에 소극적인 폐쇄형 기술혁신은 한계에 봉착
○ 최근 내외부의 다양한 자원을 활용하여 기술혁신의 효율성을 높이는 ‘개방형 혁신(openinnovation)'이 새로운 패러다임으로 등장
⇒ 개방형 기술혁신시스템의 구축을 통해 국가 경제·사회의 지속가능한 발전 즉 선진 일류 국가를 실현하는 것이 필요
- 선진 경제의 실현과 다양한 사회적 이슈의 해결
[4] 개방형 혁신을 통한 기업의 위기극복 사례들
□ 美P&G: 시장 포화와 아이디어 고갈로 직면한 성장 한계를 C&D (Connect& Develop) 도입으로 돌파, 외부아이디어에 의한 신제품 비중 15%→50%로 올리고 R&D 생산성은 60% 제고
□ 美Gilead: 조류독감치료제 타미플루를 로슈에 라이선싱(1996)하여 위기극복 후, NeXtar(1999), Triangle(2003), Myogen(2006) 등 유망 후보물질 보유기업을 인수하여 세계적 제약회사로 성장
□ 韓현대자동차: 미래 친환경자동차 개발을 위해 산학협력 전문회사 NGV를 서울대에 설립하여 전자/기계/화학/재료 융합기술 연구를 추진, 신개념 하이브리드 시스템 등을 개발
Abstract
▼
In this report, we will explore open innovation, an emerging paradigm that is replacing the earlier paradigm of closed innovation. The open innovation is based on a different knowledge landscape, with a different logic about sources and uses of ideas. Open innovation means that valuable ideas can co
In this report, we will explore open innovation, an emerging paradigm that is replacing the earlier paradigm of closed innovation. The open innovation is based on a different knowledge landscape, with a different logic about sources and uses of ideas. Open innovation means that valuable ideas can come from inside and outside the company as well. This approach places external ideas and external paths to market on the same level of importance as that reserved for internal ideas and paths to market during the closed innovation era (Chesbrough, 2003).
□ Contrasting Principles of Closed and Open Innovation
- Closed Innovation Principles
1. The smart people in our field work for us.
2. To profit from R&D, we must discover it, develop it, and ship it ourselves.
3. If we discover it ourselves, we will get it to market first.
4. The company that gets an innovation to market first will win.
5. If we create the most and the best ideas in the industry, we will win.
6. We should control our IP, so that our competitors don't profit from our ideas.
- Open Innovation Principles
1. Not all the smart people work for us. We need to work with smart people inside and outside our company
2. External R&D can create significant values, internal R&D is needed to claim some portion of that value.
3. We don't have to originate the research to profit from it.
4. Building a better business model is better than getting to market first.
5. If we make the best use of internal and external ideas, we will win.
6. We should profit from others' use of our IP, and we should buy others' IP whenever it advances our own business model.
We also try to extend the open innovation strategy in the company level to the open innovation system in the national level. In order to justify national for open innovation, a key question is whether spillovers, system failures and market failures, the arguments in systems of innovation literatures are still applicable or not. Our answer is 'yes'. If there is a difference from NIS (National Innovation System), globalisation is increasingly to affect how companies within the each national boundaries operate, compete and innovate both at home and abroad. At the same time companies increasingly open their innovation process and collaborate in innovation with external partners including global partners. We try to get policy implications from changes induced by this open innovation perspectives.
Chapter Ⅱ reviews the concept, driving forces, modes, business models of the open innovation. We also try to get some implications for policy making in from this literature review.
Chapter Ⅲ discusses the trends in foreign countries such as OECD, Japan and ERA-NET and in the departments in the Korean government. We study company case studies of some Korean companies like Hyundai Car, POSCO, LG, SK Telecom and NHN as well as wellknown multinational company like P&G, Dupont, Intel and Google. We also try to construct open innovation indicators by applying the methodology of ERA-NET (2008) and estimate an effect of open innovation and globalized innovation networks on innovation performance.
Chapter Ⅳ discusses some considerations in case of applying the open innovation paradigm to the Korea companies and innovation policy. There can be some benefits or/and risk in open innovation. The knowledge landscape and companies' business models in Korea can be different from other countries. we also review some policy issues related to open innovation system.
Chapter Ⅴ develops some policy alternatives for constructing effective open innovation system in Korea.
· The main issue in R&D policy is to construct global research platforms in Korea. For this purpose, government need to support ‘World Centers of Excellence' and 'Global Research Laboratories'.
· In order to promote interactions between public research institutes and companies, it should be improved to mobilize high-skilled researchers and change incentive structures in the public research institutes, especially in universities.
· As for diffusion policy, the government support for ventures have to be focused on market driven innovations including non-technological innovation rather than technology push innovations. The sound venture ecosystem also be constructed for 'all-inclusive' support from the early stage through IPO, and to sustainable growth.
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