초록 ▼

< 요약 및 시사점 1 > 정책 및 제도 개선 방향
○ 노동력 부족 문제는 품목별, 지역별로 차별화된 지자체 중심의 중장기 밭작물 발전계획(원예산업 발전계획 등)의 틀 속에서 추진해야 함. 특히 고용노동 단기 확대뿐만 아니라 작부 전환 등 중장기 대책을 동시에 고려한 접근이 필요함.
○ 농기계 이용은 작업반 등 조직화를 통해 지역 단위 이용 효율화를 도모하고 연중 활용 계획을 수립하여 체계적인 이용이 되도록 해야 함.
○ 지나치게 물리적 농지정비 중심의 일률적 기반정비를 지양하고, 현장의 구체적 수요가 있는 곳을 중

< 요약 및 시사점 1 > 정책 및 제도 개선 방향
○ 노동력 부족 문제는 품목별, 지역별로 차별화된 지자체 중심의 중장기 밭작물 발전계획(원예산업 발전계획 등)의 틀 속에서 추진해야 함. 특히 고용노동 단기 확대뿐만 아니라 작부 전환 등 중장기 대책을 동시에 고려한 접근이 필요함.
○ 농기계 이용은 작업반 등 조직화를 통해 지역 단위 이용 효율화를 도모하고 연중 활용 계획을 수립하여 체계적인 이용이 되도록 해야 함.
○ 지나치게 물리적 농지정비 중심의 일률적 기반정비를 지양하고, 현장의 구체적 수요가 있는 곳을 중심으로 조직경영체의 유통 역량 제고의 토대가 되는 종합정비 방식의 밭기반정비사업을 추진함.
○ 기본적으로 가공·유통 분야에서의 조직적 역량을 제고시키되 이를 토대로 기반정비, 농기계 공동이용 등 생산 단계의 조직적 성과 제고로 전환하는 전략이 필요함.

< 요약 및 시사점 2 > 정책 및 제도 개선 과제
○ 효율적이고 투명한 인력시장을 형성하기 위해 지자체, 지역의 조직경영체, 전문기관이 공동으로 지역의 밭작물 품목별/월별/작업 단계별 노동력 수요 자료를 제공하고 체계적인 노동력 공급 기반을 조성할 필요가 있음.
○ 기존의 지정주산지 외에 로컬주산지 품목을 포함하여 시·군 단위 농발계획, 원예산업발전계획 등을 고려한 중장기 공동경영체 육성계획을 수립하고 이와 연계한 중장기 기반정비 계획 및 정비 방안을 도출해야 함.
○ 시범사업 추진을 통해 주산지 중심의 관개개선 등 초기에 많은 재원이 소요되는 사업의 타당성을 검토할 필요가 있음.
○ 외국인 노동력 수급체계를 개별 농가 차원이 아니라 조직경영체 차원에서 외국인 노동력 고용의 투명화와 안정화를 꾀할 필요가 있음.
○ 기반정비사업은 기존의 공급자 중심의 확대정책에서 벗어나 시설의 안정적 이용·관리 능력을 갖춘 지역의 현장 수요를 중심으로 추진해야 함.

( 출처 : 요약 9p )

Abstract ▼

Research Results and Implications
□ Analysis of Structure of Labor and Machine Input in Dry-field Farming
The analysis of details of labor input in the Farm Household Economy Survey in 2015 shows the share of employed farm workers is 18.2% in the crop cultivation business, which is a quarter o

Research Results and Implications
□ Analysis of Structure of Labor and Machine Input in Dry-field Farming
The analysis of details of labor input in the Farm Household Economy Survey in 2015 shows the share of employed farm workers is 18.2% in the crop cultivation business, which is a quarter of family labor hours. If average annual work hours per farm household in the sample group are converted based on 8 hours per day, 101 days are necessary for family labor and 22 days for employed labor force. The shares of employed farm workers are higher in the fields of flowering plants (20.6%), vegetables (20.1%) and fruits (18.3%) than rice (7.3%) and barley/pulses/minor grains (7.0%) for which farmers relatively more often use machines.

Although the demands for farm workers during a year vary with items,the demands are generally the highest in the planting season (April to June) and the harvesting season (September to November). Farmers tend to utilize family labor first to meet the required labor, and they have recourse to short-term employment later to address labor shortage.

□ Farmers Organization
Organizing farmers is significant in improving resources use efficiency
― manpower, agricultural lands and machines, as well as in reducing distribution costs and strengthening bargaining power. Results of the survey indicate that farmers, through cooperatives, obtain information, find accounts, and learn about a new agricultural technology.

The Korean government plans to expand the scope of agricultural holdings organization from rice cultivation to general dry-field farming; and to support agricultural cooperatives in order to form large-scale joint agricultural holdings organization centered around major production areas of field crops. Customized organizing is required for each crop type, and it is necessary to develop a plan for organizing farmers depending on characteristics of each major production area.

□ Infrastructure Maintenance
It is necessary to make a plan to maintain the infrastructure in consideration of various major production types including a field crop type typically cultivated in dry fields, a field crop type mainly cultivated in paddies, and controlled horticulture complexes. It is needed to continue to enforce the existing Regional Development Special Account led by local governments in areas for small-scale development and easy management of facilities. It is also necessary to expand the introduction of new irrigation systems of low costs in wide regions to metropolitan regions of major production areas.

In the fields of production and distribution, it is needed to plan infrastructure improvement customized to field crops in connection with competent joint holdings. However, it is necessary to first implement a project as a pilot project. Moreover, it is essential to construct the infrastructure for self-regulating demand and supply through joint agricultural management rather than focusing on expanded production to enhance self-sufficiency rates for each item in terms of maintaining major production areas.

In consideration of shifting major production areas, it is necessary to establish mid- and long-term strategies to connect agricultural development plans for each city and gun (county) and horticultural industry development plans to infrastructure maintenance and to joint holdings in relation to key items to be supported. This aims to maintain the infrastructure. It is possible to improve paddy irrigation and drainage to enable field crop cultivation.

□ Direction for Policy and Institutional Improvement
It is essential to approach solutions to the labor shortage in the framework of the mid- and long-term field crop development plan (horticulture industry development plan) led by local governments different for each item and region. In particular, an approach is required in consideration of both crop change and short-term expansion of employed workforce.

It is essential to seek efficient use of agricultural machines based on regions through organizing work groups, and make a plan for systematically using machines throughout the year.

Instead of uniform infrastructure maintenance focusing too much on physical farmland maintenance, it is needed to implement field infrastructure maintenance projects for general improvement that can be a basis for enhancing distribution capability of organized holdings with on-site specific demands.

A strategy is required to improve organizational capability in processing and distribution in order to improve organizational outcomes in the stage of production including infrastructure maintenance and joint use of agricultural machines.

□ Tasks of Policy and Institutional Improvement
For an efficient and transparent workforce market, it is necessary that local governments, locally organized holdings and specialized institutes provide labor demand data in cooperation for each field crop item/month/work stage and create a systematic basis for supplying workforce.

It is needed to make a mid- and long-term plan for supporting joint holdings in consideration of the Agricultural Development Plan for each city and county and the Horticulture Industry Development Plan including major production areas other than existing specified major production areas.
It is then necessary to develop a mid- and long-term infrastructure maintenance plan and a maintenance measure connected to the support plan.

It is needed to review the feasibility of projects which initially require many financial resources, for example, irrigation improvement focusing on major production areas through a pilot project.

It is necessary to pursue transparent and stable recruitment of foreign workers led by organized holdings, not by individual farmers for the demand and supply system of foreign farm workers.

It is essential to enforce the infrastructure maintenance project focusing on actual demands in the regions with stable use and management capability of the facilities, beyond the existing expansion policy focusing on suppliers.

( 출처 : Abstracts 12p )

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 머리말 ... 2
• 요약 ... 4
• ABSTRACT ... 11
• 목차 ... 16
• 표목차 ... 18
• 그림목차 ... 21
• 제1장 서 론 ... 22
• 1. 연구의 배경 및 필요성 ... 22
• 2. 연구 목적 ... 23
• 3. 기존 연구 검토 ... 24
• 4. 주요 연구내용 ... 33
• 5. 연구 방법 ... 43
• 제2장 밭농업 노동·기계투입 구조 분석과 특성 ... 44
• 1. 문제 인식 및 주요 논점 ... 44
• 2. 밭작물 재배 농가의 특성 및 노동·기계 투입 형태 ... 47
• 3. 노동·기계 투입 농업인 설문조사 결과 ... 71
• 제3장 기반정비 및 조직화의 실태와 과제 ... 80
• 1. 문제 인식 및 주요 논점 ... 80
• 2. 기반정비 실태와 문제점 ... 83
• 제4장 밭농업의 분포 특성 분석과 시사점 ... 114
• 1. 문제 인식과 주요 논점 ... 114
• 2. 밭농업 주산지 정책 현황 ... 115
• 3. 밭농업 주산지와 지역특화도의 동태성 분석 ... 117
• 4. 밭작물의 집적효과 분석 ... 127
• 5. 밭작물 유형화 분석 ... 131
• 제5장 국내외 사례 조사·분석 ... 140
• 1. 국내 사례 ... 140
• 2. 외국 사례 ... 152
• 제6장 결론: 연구 결과 요약 및 정책 과제 ... 164
• 1. 연구 결과 및 시사점 ... 164
• 2. 정책 및 제도 개선의 방향 ... 175
• 3. 정책 및 제도 개선 과제 ... 179
• 부록 품목별 주산지 유형화 ... 184
• 참고문헌 ... 192
• 끝페이지 ... 196