보고서 내 다른 이미지

• 그림 연구목표 및 연구범위
• 그림 세포기반 항염증 효능 탐색
• 그림 역류성식도염 식도조직의 개선효과
• 그림 Inhibition of NO production of collected sample on raw264.7 cells treated with LPS
• 그림 Cell viability(A) and NO production(B) of Sanguisorba tenuifolia on RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS. ###p<0.001 compared with normal, ***p<0.001 compared with LPS controls
• 그림 In vitro anti-inflammatory activities of Sanguisorba tenuifolia in NF-kB signaling. Western blot analysis of the inflammatory protein levels of iNOS(B), TNF-a(C), IL-1b(D), p-iKb-a(E) and p-p65(F) on RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS. ##p<0.01 compared with normal, ***p<0.001 and **p<0.01 compared with LPS controls
• 그림 Cell viability(A), NO(B) and PGE2 production(C) of Geranium koreanum on RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS. ###p<0.001 compared with normal, *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 compared with LPS controls
• 그림 In vitro anti-inflammatory activities of Geranium koreanum in NF-kB signaling. Western blot analysis of the inflammatory protein levels of iNOS(B), COX-2(C), p-iKb-a(D) and p-p65(E) on RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS. #p<0.05 and ##p<0.01 compared with normal, ***p<0.001 and **p<0.01 compared with LPS controls
• 그림 Cell viability(A) and NO production(B) of magnolia sieboldii on RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS. #p<0.05 compared with normal, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 compared with LPS controls
• 그림 In vitro anti-inflammatory activities of magnolia sieboldii in NF-kB signaling. Western blot analysis of the inflammatory protein levels of iNOS(B), COX-2(C), TNF-a(D), p-iKb-a(E) and p-p65(F) on RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS. #p<0.05 and ###p<0.001 compared with normal, ***p<0.001 and *p<0.05 compared with LPS controls
• 그림 Image of gross esophageal ulcer (a), esophageal mucosal ulcer ratio (b), and H-E staining of esophageal mucosa of acute RE rats. Data are means ± standard deviation (SD); #p<0.05 and *p<0.05 compared with normal control and RE control, respectively
• 그림 Inhibitory effects of G. koreanum on inflammatory protein and cytokine expression in esophageal mucosa of acute reflux esophagitis (RE)-induced rats. Expression of cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β(a), inflammatory protein iNOS, COX-2, p-ERK, p-IkB-α and p-p65 proteins (c). Data are means ± standard deviation (SD). significance: ##p<0.01 and #p<0.05 compared with normal control; ***p<0.001, **p<0.01 and *p<0.05 compared with RE control
• 그림 Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production (a) iNOS protein expression in LPS (1 μg/mL)-induced Raw 264.7 cells pre-treated with 100 and 200 μg/mL solvent fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol) of G. koreanum extracts for 24 h in 5% CO2 incubator. Data are means ± standard deviation (SD); ###p<0.001 compared with normal control cells; ***p<0.001 compared with LPS control cells
• 그림 Image of gross esophageal erosions area (a), esophageal mucosal ulcer ratio (b), and H-E staining of esophagus of acute RE rats. The incidence of erosions area was significantly decreased in rats treated with DGK. Data are means ± standard deviation (SD); ##p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05 compared with normal control and RE control groups, respectively
• 그림 Inhibitory effects of DGK on inflammatory proteins and cytokines expression in esophagus. The expression levels of IL-1β (a) and TNF-α (b) in esophagus tissue were measured by ELISA. Expression of pro-inflammatory protein TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, p-IkB-α, and p-p65 in esophagus tissue were measured by western blotting (c-i). Data are means ± standard deviation (SD). significance: ##p < 0.01 and #p < 0.05 compared with normal control group; **p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05 compared with RE control group
• 그림 Expression of tight junction proteins (claudin-4 and claudin-5) on esophagus in RE-induced rats. Data are means ± standard deviation (SD). significance: #p < 0.05 and *p < 0.05 compared with normal control and RE control groups, respectively
• 그림 Effects of MsE on esophageal reflux induced esophageal mucosal damage in rats. Gross (a-i), microscopic (scale bar 200 μm) (a-ii), and the gross ratio of esophageal mucosal damage (b). ###p<0.001, vs. Normal rats; **p<0.01, vs. RE controlled rats. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation
• 그림 Effects of MsE on the expression levels of COX-2 (a), TNF-α (b), and IL-1β (c) in esophagus were measured by western blot. ###p<0.001, ##p<0.01 vs. Normal rats; **p<0.01, vs. RE controlled rats. Data are expressed as mean± standard deviation. Fig. 19. Effects of MsE on the phosphorylation of NF-κB (a) and IκBα (b) in esophagus measured by western blot. ##p<0.01 vs. Normal rats; *p<0.05, vs. RE controlled rats. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation
• 그림 Effects of MsHE (a), MsDE (b), MsEE (c), and MsBE (d) on LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells was measured by griess reagent. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. All experiments were performed in three independent experiments. ###p<0.001 vs. normal cells; ***p<0.001, **p<0.01 vs. LPS-stimulated cells
• 그림 Effects of MsHE on viability (a) and morphology (b) in RAW 264.7 cells was measured by cell viability, proliferation ＆ cytotoxicity assay kit, morphology of cells was captured by optical microscopy. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. All experiments were performed in three independent experiments. Scale bar was 200 μm
• 그림 Effects of MsHE on esophageal reflux induced esophageal mucosal damage in rats. Gross (a-i), microscopic (scale bar 200 μm) (a-ii), and the ratio of esophageal mucosal damage (b) was calculated by Image J program. N - Normal rats; Veh - RE controlled rats; MsHE 100 - RE controlled rats treated with MsHE 100 mg/kg; MsHE 200 - RE controlled rats treated with MsHE 200 mg/kg; and R - RE controlled rats treated with ranitidine 30 mg/kg. **p<0.01, vs. RE controlled rats. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation
• 그림 Effects of MsHE on the expression levels of COX-2 (a), TNF- α (b), and IL-1β (c) in esophageal tissue were measured by western blot. ###p<0.001, ##p<0.01 vs. Normal rats; **p<0.01, *p<0.05 vs. RE controlled rats. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation
• 그림 Effects of MsHE on the phosphorylation of NF-κB (a), IκBα (b) in esophageal tissue were measured by western blot. ###p<0.001, ##p<0.01 vs. Normal rats; **p<0.01, *p<0.05 vs. RE controlled rats. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation
• 그림 HPLC analysis of standard of costunolide (10 mg/ml) (a) and MsE (10 mg/ml) (b)
• 그림 The chromatograph (a), molecular ion peak (b), and fragment ion peak (c) of costunolide in MsHE detected by LC-MS/MS (negative ESI mode) analysis
• 표 The chemical constituents of enlarged base peak detected for MsHE using UPLC-MS/MS analysis
• 그림 Effects of Cos on cell viability (a), morphological change (b), and NO production (c) measured by cell viability, proliferation ＆ cytotoxicity assay kit and griess reagent assay. The expression levels of iNOS (d) and COX-2 (e) were determined by western blotting. Data are means ± standard deviation (SD). ###P<0.001 vs. normal cells; ***P<0.001,**P<0.01, *P<0.05 vs. LPS-stimulated cells
• 그림 Effects of Cos on esophageal reflux induced esophageal mucosal damage in rats. Gross (a-i), microscopic (scale bar 200 ìm) (a-ii), and the ratio of esophageal mucosal damage (b) was calculated by Image J program. N-normal group, Veh-RE control group, Cos15-RE control group treated with Costunolide 15 mg/kg, Cos-30-RE control group treated with Costunolide 30 mg/kg and R-RE control group treated with Ranitidine 30 mg/kg. ***P<0.001,**P<0.01 vs. RE controlled rats. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation
• 그림 Effects of Cos on the expression levels of COX-2 (a), TNF-α (b), IL-1β (c) and the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB (d) and IκB α (e) in esophageal tissue were measured by western blot. ###P<0.001, ##P<0.01, #P<0.05 vs. normal rats; ***P<0.001,**P<0.01 vs. RE controlled rats. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation
• 그림 Chromatographic analysis of Geranium koreanum; (a)high‑performanceliquid chromatography chromatogram of the standard solution and geraniin; (b) high‑performance liquid chromatography chromatogram of the Geranium koreanum 70% ethanol extract
• 그림 Identification of Geraniin in DGK by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
• 표 Identification of phytochemical compounds in DGK by LC-MS/MS
• 그림 Morphological transformation (a) and cell viability (b) on LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cells. Cells treated with the geraniin (0, 50 and 100 μM) for 24 h. The cell viability was determined using a cytotoxicity assay kit and showed not significant cytotoxicity. The morphology was visualized by a light microscope at 200 × magnitude
• 그림 Inhibition of NO production (a) and expression of iNOS protein (b) in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cells. Cells pre-treated with geraniin 50 and 100 μM for 24 h. Data are mean ± standard deviation (SD); ###p < 0.001 compared with normal control cells; **p < 0.01, and *p < 0.05 compared with LPS control cells
• 그림 Gross esophageal erosions area (a) and esophagus ulcer ratio (b) Hematoxylin and eosin (H–E) of RE rats. Normal, untreated rats; RE Control, RE rats; RE + geraniin 15 mg/kg body weight treated RE rats; RE + geraniin 30 mg/kg body weight treated RE rats; RE + ranitidine 30 mg/kg body weight treated RE rats. Data are mean ± standard deviation (SD); ##p < 0.01, **p < 0.01, and *p < 0.05 compared with normal control and RE control groups, respectively
• 그림 Inhibitory effects of geraniin on inflammatory protein and cytokine expression in esophagus. Expression of pro-inflammatory protein TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, p-IkB-α and p-p65. Rats were pre-treated with geraniin 15 and 30 mg/kg, and ranitidine 30 mg/kg body weight excluding normal and RE control for 90 min before surgery. Data are mean ± standard deviation (SD). Significance: ##p < 0.01 and #p < 0.05 compared with normal control group; **p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05 compared with RE control group
• 그림 Effects of geraniin on TJP (claudin-4 and claudin-5) in esophageal damage by RE rats. Rats were pre-treated with 15 and 30 mg/kg body weight geraniin, and 30 mg/kg ranitidine excluding normal and RE control for 90 min before surgery. Data are mean ± standard deviation (SD). Significance: #p < 0.05 and *p < 0.05 compared with normal control and RE control groups, respectively
• 그림 The anti-oxidant effects of Quercetin. ABTS (a), DPPH (b) radical scavenging and Reducing power activity was measured. Data are means ± standard deviation (SD).***p<0.001 vs. black control group (DW)
• 그림 Effects of Quercetin on cell viability (a), morphological change (b), and NO production (c) were measured by cell viability, proliferation ＆ cytotoxicity assay kit and griess reagent assay. The production of IL-1β (d) was determined by ELISA kit. Data are means ± standard deviation (SD). ###p<0.001 vs. normal cells; ***p<0.001 vs. LPS-stimulated cells
• 그림 Image of gross esophageal erosions area (a) and esophageal mucosal ulcer ratio (b) of acute RE rats. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of esophageal mucosa (c) in RE rats. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. ##p<0.01 vs. normal rats; **p<0.01 vs. RE controlled rats
• 그림 Inhibitory effects of Quercetin on inflammatory cytokine expression levels of TNF-α (a), IL-1β (b) and the phosphorylation level of NF-κB (c) in esophageal mucosa. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. #P<0.05 vs. normal rats; **p<0.01,*p<0.05 vs. RE controlled rats