[보고서]환경 변화에 따른 하구 생태계 모니터링

윤석현

환경 변화에 따른 하구 생태계 모니터링
Ecosystem Monitoring in Relations to the Environmental Changes of Estuaries 원문보기

보고서 정보
주관연구기관	국립수산과학원 National Fisheries Research and Development Institute
연구책임자	윤석현
참여연구자	서영상 , 오현주 , 임월애 , 엄기혁 , 한인성 , 황재동 , 이준수 , 한창훈 , 박정숙 , 심정민 , 심정희 , 최희찬 , 박종우 , 주희태 , 조은섭 , 윤상철 , 유만호 , 김상일 , 박경우 , 이민욱
보고서유형	최종보고서
발행국가	대한민국
언어	한국어
발행년월	2022-03
과제시작연도	2021
주관부처	해양수산부 Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries
등록번호	TRKO202300005118
과제고유번호	1525012133
사업명	수산시험연구(R&D)
DB 구축일자	2023-08-23
키워드	하구역.생태계.환경 변화.모니터링.하구 환경.Estuaries.Ecosystem.Environmental change.Monitoring.Estuarine environment.

초록 ▼

□ 연구의 목적 및 내용
하구역 환경 변화에 따른 하구 생태계 정밀 모니터링을 통해 지속가능한 하구어장 생산성 유지를 위한 정책 대안 제시

□ 연구개발 성과
• 낙동강 하구역 생태계 회복을 위한 주요 요인 파악 및 하구둑 개방에 대한 정책 자료 제시
• 낙동강 하구둑 개방이 하구역 생태계에 미치는 영향 제시
• 방류량과 빈도에 따른 저염 환경 지속시간 및 회복기간 구명
• 하구둑 개방 시 기수역 범위 확대로 하구 생태계의 공간적 불균형이 해소되는 과학적 근거 제시
• 환경 변화에 따른 양식 김의 생산량 변동 원인 구명
• 저서성 수산자원(개량조개 등)의 폐사 원인 구명: 풍수기 강수량 및 담수 방류량의 급격한 증가로 하구역 저층수의 저염화
• 하구 어장 생산성 향상을 위한 어업인 소통 강화
• 저서생물 분포 특성 연구를 통한 낙동강 하구 개량조개 서식처 변동 정보 제공
• 섬진강의 유량 감소에 따른 재첩 생산량 감소 대책을 위한 기초자료로 활용

□ 연구개발 성과의 활용계획
• 4대강 사업 이후 급격한 환경 변화를 겪고 있는 주요 하천의 보 및 하구둑 개방 압력에 대한 과학적이고 체계적인 후속책 제시 가능
• 하구역 및 하구어장 관리·보전에 대한 대국민 인지도 향상 및 공감대 확산
• 환경과 먹이망 구조에 대한 과학적이고 체계적인 조사를 통한 주요 수산자원의 취약성 및 회복력 평가, 안정적 생산성 확보
• 인위적, 기후변화 영향의 취약지역인 하구 생태계의 안정적 생산성 유지 및 어업인 소득 증대
• 하구역 개발에 따른 이해관계의 효율적 관리를 통한 사회적 비용 절감
• 하구 생태계 및 수산자원 관련 현안 문제에 대한 과학적 해결 방안 제시
• 하구역 관리를 위한 중앙 및 지자체 정책 결정에 기여

(출처 : 요 약 문 8p)

Abstract ▼

□ Purpose of project
The present study suggests measures to make the policy for sustainable yield in the estuarine fisheries through precise monitoring on the estuarine ecosystem

□ Outcome of project
• Identifying main factors for restoration of the estuarine ecosystems
• Suggesting informations to make the policy for the restoration project of estuarine ecosystems
• Investigation of salinity recovery and low salinity duration time in response to discharge patterns
• Examination the effect of the barrage gate opening on the estuarine ecosystem: disappearing unbalanced spatial distribution
• Identifying the causes of reducing yield of cultured laver Pryopia yezoensis in the Nakdong River estuary
• Demonstration of mortality of hen clam Mactra chinensis due to low salinity water
• Improvement of communication with the fishermen for sustainable yield in estuarine fisheries

□ Application plan and expected effect of project’s outcome
• Suggestion of the post-plan based on scientific data under drastic environmental changes after the Four Major River Restoration Project
• Recognition improvement for management and conservation of the estuaries
• Enhancement of sustainable yield and risk assessment of fisheries resources by analyzing of environmental factors and food web in the estuarine ecosystem
• Contribution to increase of the income of fisherman and stable productivity in the estuarine ecosystem
• Reducing the social costs by effectively managing the stakes under increasing development pressure around the estuary
• Suggesting a solution to the issues of the estuarine ecosystem and fisheries resources in relation to environmental changes
• Proposal to make the policy for the estuarine environment management

(source: SUMMARY 9p)

목차 Contents

표지 ... 1
제 출 문 ... 4
보고서 요약 ... 6
요 약 문 ... 8
SUMMARY ... 9
목차 ... 10
CONTENTS ... 11
제 1 장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 12
제 1 절 연구개발의 목적 및 필요성 ... 12
1. 연구 목적 ... 12
2. 연구의 필요성 ... 12
제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 14
제 1 절 국내 기술개발 현황 ... 14
제 2 절 국외 기술개발 현황 ... 14
제 3 장 연구개발 수행내용 및 결과 ... 15
제 1 절 낙동강 하구 생태계 정밀 모니터링 ... 15
1. 물리, 화학적 환경요인 ... 15
2. 부유 및 저서생물 분포 특성 ... 30
제 2 절 환경 변화가 하구 생태계에 미치는 영향 평가 ... 38
1. 염분 변화에 따른 부유 및 수산생물 생리적 반응 평가 ... 38
2. 하구역 해조류 생산성 변동 특성 및 자원생물 먹이원 분석 ... 44
3. 남조류 노출에 따른 하구역 생물의 유해성 평가 ... 49
4. 해양생물 군집구조의 중기변동 ... 53
5. 환경 변화에 따른 하구생태계 구조 변동 ... 56
제 3 절 섬진강 하구 생태계 비교 모니터링 ... 58
1. 물리, 화학적 요인 ... 58
2. 부유생물 분포 특성 ... 65
3. 자연하구(섬진강)와 닫힌 하구(낙동강) 종합비교 ... 69
제 4 절 낙동강 하구어장의 수산생산성 향상을 위한 정책 제안 ... 71
제 4 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 74
제 1 절 목표 달성도 ... 74
제 2 절 대표성과 및 기여도 ... 74
1. 낙동강 하구역 생태계 회복을 위한 주요 요인 파악 ... 74
2. 하구 어장 생산성 향상을 위한 어업인 소통 강화 ... 74
제 3 절 관련분야 정책 자료 제공 ... 75
제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 76
제 1 절 추가연구의 필요성 및 계획 ... 76
제 2 절 낙동강 하구 생태백서 발간 ... 76
제 6 장 참고문헌 ... 77
제 7 장 부 록 ... 79
끝페이지 ... 83

표/그림 (79)

표 Study sites for the Nakdong River estuary
표 Mooring observation. Anchor bouy (left) and data loggers for water temperature and salinity
표 Seasonal changes of water temperature in the Nakdong River estuary. A, surface; B, bottom. Up: upper stream (inside of the barrier) is fresh water; Middle and Down: both middle and down stream are salt water (outside of the barrier)
표 Horizontal distribution of seasonal mean water temperature in the Nakdong River estuary during the study period. A, winter; B, spring; C, summer; D, fall.
표 Seasonal changes of salinity in the Nakdong River estuary. A, surface; B, bottom. Up: upper stream (inside of the barrier) is fresh water; Middle and Down: both middle and down stream are salt water (outside of the barrier)
표 Horizontal distribution of seasonal mean salinity in the Nakdong River estuary during the study period. A, winter; B, spring; C, summer; D, fall
표 Vertical structure of water temperature (upper) and salinity (lower). Data are seasonal mean values from the Nakdong River estuary during the study period. A, water temperature; B, salinity
표 The responses of sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity depending on tide-induced fluctuations of the discharge in the Nakdong River estuary. A, normal season, from 24 December 2017 to 6 January 2018. B, rainy season, from 7 August 2017 to 20 August 2017. Red line: salinity, blue line: SST, gray line: tide level, black line: discharge. Data represent mean values per hour
표 Daily variations in water temperature (A) and salinity (B) depending on the discharge in the Nakdong River estuary. Red line: surface, blue line: bottom. Data represent mean values per day
표 Seasonal changes of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the Nakdong River estuary. A, surface; B, bottom. Up: upper stream (inside of the barrier) is fresh water; Middle and Down: both middle and down stream are salt water (outside of the barrier)
표 Horizontal distribution of seasonal mean dissolved oxygen (DO) in the Nakdong River estuary during the study period. A, winter; B, spring; C, summer; D, fall
표 Seasonal changes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration in the Nakdong River estuary. A, surface; B, bottom. Up: upper stream (inside of the barrier) is fresh water; Middle and Down: both middle and down stream are salt water (outside of the barrier)
표 Horizontal distribution of seasonal mean dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration in the Nakdong River estuary during the study period. A, winter; B, spring; C, summer; D, fall
표 Seasonal changes of dissoved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentration in the Nakdong River estuary. A, surface; B, bottom. Up: upper stream (inside of the barrier) is fresh water; Middle and Down: both middle and down stream are salt water (outside of the barrier)
표 Horizontal distribution of seasonal mean dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentration in the Nakdong River estuary during the study period. A, winter; B, spring; C, summer; D, fall
표 Seasonal changes in dissolved inorganic silicate (DISi) concentration in the Nakdong River estuary. A, surface; B, bottom. Up: upper stream (inside of the barrier) is fresh water; Middle and Down: both middle and down stream are salt water (outside of the barrier)
표 Horizontal distribution of seasonal mean dissolved inorganic silicate (DISi) concentration in the Nakdong River estuary during the study period. A, winter; B, spring; C, summer; D, fall
표 Relationship between dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations and salinity during the study period in the Nakdong River estuary
표 Changes in salinity distribution of surface (A) and bottom waters (B) during high tide around the Nakdong River Estuary: results from numerical model
표 Time series variations in salinity of current status (A) and the modeling result (B) around the Nakdong River estuary
표 Effect of the floodgate opening event on salinity distribution around the Nakdong River Estuary in summer season. Average salinity during the study period (A) and salinity after the experimental gate opening (B)
표 Changes of the distribution of water column nutrients and dissolved oxygen after the floodgate opening event around the Nakdong River Estuary. A, DIN; B, DISi; C, DIP; D, DO
표 Seasonal variations in total phytoplankton abundance and composition in the Nakdong River. A, winter; B, spring; C, summer; D, autumn
표 Seasonal variations in chl-a size composition in the Nakdong River. A, winter; B, spring; C, summer; D, autumn
표 Seasonal variation in dominant phytoplankton species associated with historically disturbing artifact constructions in the Nakdong River estuary
표 Changes in species composition of phytoplankton community depending on the floodgate opening event. A, July 2020; B, August 2020; C, July 2021
표 Cluster analysis of zooplankton community before (A) and after (B) the floodgate opening event of the Nakdong River estuary in July 2020
표 Abundances of fish eggs depending on years (A) and stations (B) in the Nakdong River estuary during the study period
표 Abundances of fish larvae depending on years (A) and stations (B) in the Nakdong River estuary during the study period
표 Species composition of fish larvae in Nakdong River estuary during the study period
표 Distribution of benthic animals in the Nakdong River estuary during the study period
표 Experiment for the effect of salinity changes on phytoplankton growth
표 Effect of drastic salinity changes on phytoplankton growth
표 Effect of chronical salinity changes on phytoplankton growth. A, faster (6 hr); B, slow (9 hr)
표 Experiment for zooplankton mortality depending on salinity changes
표 Mortality of zooplankton responding to salinity changes
표 Changes in zooplankton mortality, Acartia omorii and Paracalanus parvus s.l., in response to salinity gradient
표 Mortality changes of zooplakton Acartia omorii and Paracalanus parvus s.l. (A), and growth of adult and copepodite of A. omorii (B) in response to ambient salinity gradient in the Nakdong River estuary
표 Experiment for hen clam Mactra chinensis and butter clam Saxidomus purpuratus depending on salinity change
표 Survivorship of Mactra chinensis (A) and Saxidomus purpuratus (B) in response to salinity changes
표 Total yield production (A) and yield production per unit area (B) of cultured Pyropia yezoensis in the Nakdong River estuary, 2016~2021
표 Variations in water column dissolved inorganic nitrogen (A), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (B), and N:P ratios (C), and Pyropia yezoensis tissue C, N, and P contents (D,F,H), tissue C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios (E,G,I) at different sampling times. Red lines indicate the criteria of growth limitation
표 Pyropia yezoensis tissue photosynthetic pigment contents. Chlorophyll-a (A), total carotenoids (B), phycoerythrin (C), and phycocyanin (D). Data are the means ± SE (n=9‒20). Values with the same letter are not significantly different among sampling times (SNK test, p< 0.05)
표 The relationships between surface area and fresh biomass and dry biomass in sheet form macroalgae
표 Linear relationships between macroalgal thallus area and individual dry biomass (A－D), individual fresh biomass and dry biomass (E－F) in sheet form macroalgae. Relationships were fitted using the linear regression through the origin: Y=aX
표 Stable isotope biplot of hen clam Mactra chinensis and potential food sources
표 Blue-green algal blooms in the Nakdong River estuary
표 Experiment for the effect of blue-green algal density on Artemia survivor
표 Relationship between Artemia mortality and blue-green algal density
표 Experiment for the effect of blue-green algal density on hen clam Mactra chinensis survivor
표 Survivorship of hen clam Mactra chinensis depending on blue-green algal density. A, control; B, test-1; C, test-2; D, test-3
표 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of zooplankton from the Nakdong River estuary in winter and summer, 2011~2021. A, winter;, B, summer
표 Number of species, individual and biomass of benthos from the Nakdong River estuary, 2013~2021. A, number of species; B, individuals; C, biomass
표 Changes in dominant species of benthic animals in the Nakdong River estuary from 2013 to 2021
표 Changes of the estuary range in the Nakdong River estuary. Before the barrage construction in 1987 (A), after the barrage construction, 1987~2012 (B) and current status since 2012 (C)
표 Study sites for the Seomjin River estuary
표 Seasonal changes of water temperature in the Seomjin River estuary during the study period. A, surface; B, bottom
표 Horizontal distribution of seasonal mean water temperatures during the study period in the Seomjin River estuary. A, surface in spring; B, bottom in spring; C, surface in summer; D, bottom in summer
표 Seasonal changes of salinity in the Seomjin River estuary during the study period. A, surface; B, bottom
표 Horizontal distribution of seasonal mean salinity during the study period in the Seomjin River estuary. A, surface in spring; B, bottom in spring; C, surface in summer; D, bottom in summer
표 Vertical structure of water temperature (A) and salinity (B). Data are seasonal mean values during the study period from the Seomjin River estuary
표 Seasonal changes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the Seomjin River estuary during the study period. A, surface; B, bottom
표 Horizontal distribution of seasonal mean dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration in the Seomjin River estuary during the study period. Spring (A) and summer (B)
표 Seasonal changes of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentration in the Seomjin River estuary during the study period. A, spring; B, summer
표 Horizontal distribution of seasonal mean phosphate (PO4-P) concentration in the Seomjin River estuary during the study period. A, spring; B, summer
표 Seasonal changes of dissolved inorganic silicate (DISi) concentration in the Nakdong River estuary. A, surface; B, bottom. Up: upper stream (inside of the barrier) is fresh water; Middle and Down: middle and down stream both are salt water (outside of the barrier)
표 Horizontal distribution of mean dissolved inorganic silicate (DISi) concentration in the Seomjin River estuary during the study period. A, spring; B, summer
표 Comparison of the relationship between nutrient concentrations and salinity in the Nakdong River estuary (A) and the Seomjin River estuary (B)
표 Seasonal variations of total phytoplankton abundance and composition in the Seomjin River estuary. A, surface in winter; B, bottom in winter; C, surface in spring; D, bottom in spring
표 Zooplankton abundance and composition in the Seomjin River estuary in spring (A) and summer (B) during the study period
표 Jelly fish Blackfordis virginica collected by plankton net in the Seomjin River estuary in July 2021
표 Jelly fish Blackfordis virginica after formaline fixation. Photographs were taken from the samples collected in the Seomjin River estuary in July 2021. This species has not been documented yet in Korea
표 Abundances of fish eggs depending on years (A) and stations (B) from Seomjin River estuary during the study period
표 Abundances of fish larvae depending on years (A) and stations (B) from Seomjin River estuary during the study period
표 Species composition of fish larvae in Seomjin River estuary during the study period
표 Comparison of estuary range between the Nakdong River estuary and the Seomjin River estuary
표 Salinity gradients in the Seomjin River estuary (A) and the Nakdong River estuary (B)
표 Current status of salinity gradients in Nakdong River estuary (A). Current discontinuous salinity gradient is predicted to persist even after restoration project plan (B)
표 Recommended plan based on the present study in order to restore ecosystem function of the Nandong River estuary

과제명(ProjectTitle) :	-
연구책임자(Manager) :	-
과제기간(DetailSeriesProject) :	-
총연구비 (DetailSeriesProject) :	-
키워드(keyword) :	-
과제수행기간(LeadAgency) :	-
연구목표(Goal) :	-
연구내용(Abstract) :	-
기대효과(Effect) :	-

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연합인증

환경 변화에 따른 하구 생태계 모니터링
Ecosystem Monitoring in Relations to the Environmental Changes of Estuaries 원문보기