The objectives of this research were to investigate the ecology, behaviour and home range study of Korean roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) on Jeju island through radio telemetry technique and the Argos animal tracking system. Wildlife has been considered an important natural resource so f...
The objectives of this research were to investigate the ecology, behaviour and home range study of Korean roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) on Jeju island through radio telemetry technique and the Argos animal tracking system. Wildlife has been considered an important natural resource so far, which can create economic profits with well-planned management methods. However, wildlife management, habitat conservation and resources development have to be followed with pre-knowledge of animals' biology. Research of roe deer can discover clues for preserving a sound eco-system and its own natural flora and fauna. Roe deer (Capreolus sp.) are mammals, which belong to Order Artiodactyla, Family Cervidae, Tribe Capreolini and Genus Capreolus, and have been distributed around Europe, Siberia and Asia. Following the mtDNA sequence analysis of the animal, there are two subspecies; European roe deer (C. capreolus) from west Europe are distinct from Siberian roe deer (C. pygargus), from Siberia, South and East Asia. C. P. tianschanicus from Korea including Jeju island can be classified as a closer species to C. pygargus. Recently, the population and distribution of roe deer in Jeju island have been increasing dramatically, as a result of efficient poaching control and increased general aspects and interests in wildlife, nature, and environmental factors. It is becoming a new kind of pest and posted more serious damages with over-population in limited areas. Studies on management methods and resource development with over-population of roe deer must be started now before a much more serious situation could occur. Measurement of 10 captured and 16 dead specimens of Korean roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) on Jeju island was completed with the following Danilkin's Total length of the specimens were 107.5±8.9cm(female, ≥2 years, n=5), 117.4±10.5cm(male, ≥2 years, n=12), and 86.2±3.6cm(yearing, n=6). Height at shoulder attributed to female male and fawn were 73.4±2.0cm(n=4), 73.0±3.4cm(n=8), and 61.2±3.9cm(n=5), respectively. Weight of male (yearling) was measured at 12.5kg. Weight of animals, which were more than 2 year old, was mostly over 20.0kg. Mean weight were 26.2±1.4kg(female, n=4) and 25.5±3.7kg(male, n=10). Before dawn (form 4:00 am to 9;00 am) and around sunset (from 5:00 pm to 8:00 pm) were the most active time for roe deer. During these times, animals foraged on a feeding area of mostly crops and browsed or rested in less covered field. Staying and taking a rest inside denser coverage mostly in the forest during daytime. Much more high activity was observed during winter nights for feeding than during other seasons. Quantity and quality of food were lowest in winter, so more motivated activity was essential for taking enough quantity and meeting energy demands. 88.8% of total foraging sites(n=16) were located within 50m of forest edges. Average feeding time and alarm, watching looking times were recorded for 30.1±10.3sec(ranges 17.0-52.0sec) and 7.0±2.8sec(ranges 2.0-15.0sec), respectively. 72 taxa including 35 families and 68 genera among native flora in Mt. Halla, Jeju were observed being fed on by roe deer. Leaves were the most preferable parts for foraging. Besides them, stem, branch, root, flower, and seed were also foraged normally. Main food items were the following; Berberis, Rhododendron, Cirsium and/or Evergreen (Hedera rhombea Bean, Euonymus japonica Thunb, Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium Nakai) and others. Couples of individuals consisted single group in foraging and watching together during winter. Even though groupings with 3 or 4 individuals, without distinction between sexes, were the most common(n=12), big groups of more than 10 individuals were also commonly observed(n=6) during the time. While, no single doe was observed, single bucks were reported routinely. In early spring, groups were separated into single bucks or does before birthing season, which usually has started since June. The yearlings, sibling size was 1-2 in usual, were taken care of for at least 8 months after being born. The home range of roe doe (0F0407-400AM) was 427.0ha. And the average home range of four bucks such as 8M0212-120AM, 9M0425-207AM, 9M0425-236AM, and 0M0113-500AM was recorded 194.9ha(range 117.0-319.0ha), which was only 45.6% of the females' range. 0F0407-400AM was pregnant, so sufficient energy and feeding were in high demand and a birthing site with plenty of structural coverage might be necessary before giving birth. In winter, a range 188.7% bigger than the summer range(117.0ha) was observed in males. Varied home ranges have been decided according to habitat conditions such as food quality, water supply, coverage, and other factors. In smaller home ranges, a better habitat quality was reported. From 38 to 65 roe deer inhabited the main research area, which measured around 400ha, so density ranges were a minimum of 9.5/100ha and a maximum of 16.3/100ha. 1,512 individuals inhabited the middle mountain area, with elevation from 300m to 600m, measuring 35,700ha. Another 1,209 roe deer inhabited Mt. Halla, elevation over 600m. This shows an average density of animals on Jeju island of 4.51/100ha(4.23/100ha-4.91/100ha).
The objectives of this research were to investigate the ecology, behaviour and home range study of Korean roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) on Jeju island through radio telemetry technique and the Argos animal tracking system. Wildlife has been considered an important natural resource so far, which can create economic profits with well-planned management methods. However, wildlife management, habitat conservation and resources development have to be followed with pre-knowledge of animals' biology. Research of roe deer can discover clues for preserving a sound eco-system and its own natural flora and fauna. Roe deer (Capreolus sp.) are mammals, which belong to Order Artiodactyla, Family Cervidae, Tribe Capreolini and Genus Capreolus, and have been distributed around Europe, Siberia and Asia. Following the mtDNA sequence analysis of the animal, there are two subspecies; European roe deer (C. capreolus) from west Europe are distinct from Siberian roe deer (C. pygargus), from Siberia, South and East Asia. C. P. tianschanicus from Korea including Jeju island can be classified as a closer species to C. pygargus. Recently, the population and distribution of roe deer in Jeju island have been increasing dramatically, as a result of efficient poaching control and increased general aspects and interests in wildlife, nature, and environmental factors. It is becoming a new kind of pest and posted more serious damages with over-population in limited areas. Studies on management methods and resource development with over-population of roe deer must be started now before a much more serious situation could occur. Measurement of 10 captured and 16 dead specimens of Korean roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) on Jeju island was completed with the following Danilkin's Total length of the specimens were 107.5±8.9cm(female, ≥2 years, n=5), 117.4±10.5cm(male, ≥2 years, n=12), and 86.2±3.6cm(yearing, n=6). Height at shoulder attributed to female male and fawn were 73.4±2.0cm(n=4), 73.0±3.4cm(n=8), and 61.2±3.9cm(n=5), respectively. Weight of male (yearling) was measured at 12.5kg. Weight of animals, which were more than 2 year old, was mostly over 20.0kg. Mean weight were 26.2±1.4kg(female, n=4) and 25.5±3.7kg(male, n=10). Before dawn (form 4:00 am to 9;00 am) and around sunset (from 5:00 pm to 8:00 pm) were the most active time for roe deer. During these times, animals foraged on a feeding area of mostly crops and browsed or rested in less covered field. Staying and taking a rest inside denser coverage mostly in the forest during daytime. Much more high activity was observed during winter nights for feeding than during other seasons. Quantity and quality of food were lowest in winter, so more motivated activity was essential for taking enough quantity and meeting energy demands. 88.8% of total foraging sites(n=16) were located within 50m of forest edges. Average feeding time and alarm, watching looking times were recorded for 30.1±10.3sec(ranges 17.0-52.0sec) and 7.0±2.8sec(ranges 2.0-15.0sec), respectively. 72 taxa including 35 families and 68 genera among native flora in Mt. Halla, Jeju were observed being fed on by roe deer. Leaves were the most preferable parts for foraging. Besides them, stem, branch, root, flower, and seed were also foraged normally. Main food items were the following; Berberis, Rhododendron, Cirsium and/or Evergreen (Hedera rhombea Bean, Euonymus japonica Thunb, Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium Nakai) and others. Couples of individuals consisted single group in foraging and watching together during winter. Even though groupings with 3 or 4 individuals, without distinction between sexes, were the most common(n=12), big groups of more than 10 individuals were also commonly observed(n=6) during the time. While, no single doe was observed, single bucks were reported routinely. In early spring, groups were separated into single bucks or does before birthing season, which usually has started since June. The yearlings, sibling size was 1-2 in usual, were taken care of for at least 8 months after being born. The home range of roe doe (0F0407-400AM) was 427.0ha. And the average home range of four bucks such as 8M0212-120AM, 9M0425-207AM, 9M0425-236AM, and 0M0113-500AM was recorded 194.9ha(range 117.0-319.0ha), which was only 45.6% of the females' range. 0F0407-400AM was pregnant, so sufficient energy and feeding were in high demand and a birthing site with plenty of structural coverage might be necessary before giving birth. In winter, a range 188.7% bigger than the summer range(117.0ha) was observed in males. Varied home ranges have been decided according to habitat conditions such as food quality, water supply, coverage, and other factors. In smaller home ranges, a better habitat quality was reported. From 38 to 65 roe deer inhabited the main research area, which measured around 400ha, so density ranges were a minimum of 9.5/100ha and a maximum of 16.3/100ha. 1,512 individuals inhabited the middle mountain area, with elevation from 300m to 600m, measuring 35,700ha. Another 1,209 roe deer inhabited Mt. Halla, elevation over 600m. This shows an average density of animals on Jeju island of 4.51/100ha(4.23/100ha-4.91/100ha).
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