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The essential characteristics of well trained singing voice have been interested the topics of laryngeal mechanism by scientist since early 19th century. However, the theory of speech production had established on 1950. Generally accepted the theory of speech production is aerodynamic myoelastic theory by on side of physiology and source-filter theory of speech by the other side of acoustics. The purpose of this study is to find acoustic and physiological characteristics of Korean traditional song 'Pansori' singer's voice. The theory of music science based on professional western singers' voice is applied to the Pasori singers' voice that show quantitative differences between Pansoori singing and werstern singing. Thirty seven Pansori singers and sixty seven western singers participated to this study. Rhino-Laryngeal Stroboscope and Video-Rhinolarynoscope are used to find the glottal gestures. Vocal fold profile of each glottal images are analyzed quantitatively by Scope View program. ...

The essential characteristics of well trained singing voice have been interested the topics of laryngeal mechanism by scientist since early 19th century. However, the theory of speech production had established on 1950. Generally accepted the theory of speech production is aerodynamic myoelastic theory by on side of physiology and source-filter theory of speech by the other side of acoustics. The purpose of this study is to find acoustic and physiological characteristics of Korean traditional song 'Pansori' singer's voice. The theory of music science based on professional western singers' voice is applied to the Pasori singers' voice that show quantitative differences between Pansoori singing and werstern singing. Thirty seven Pansori singers and sixty seven western singers participated to this study. Rhino-Laryngeal Stroboscope and Video-Rhinolarynoscope are used to find the glottal gestures. Vocal fold profile of each glottal images are analyzed quantitatively by Scope View program. Power Spectrum and Real Time Spectrogram are used to analyze the acoustic characteristics of singing voice. Speech samples are composed to glissando standard-high pitch tone and standard-low pitch tone for Stroboscopic study, and to simple vowels /a, i, u, e, o/ and short measure of song. Vocal fold of Pansori singers showed asymmetrical incomparison of symmetrical vocal fold of western singers. This glottal gestures are caused to produce breathy phonation and pressed phonation for Pansori singers. The length of vocal fold in Pansori singers is longer than western singers for high and low pitch singing. The Ratio of length to width for Pansori singers is greater than western singers for high and low pitch singing. The glottal gestures of vibrato in Pansori singing show wider oscillatory of the arytenoid region and supraglottis in comparison with straight tone. Formant differences between Pansori singing and Western singing are higher F3 for Pansori singers in speech and singing and minimum difference of F1 for western singers in singing. The patterns of music formant for Pansori singers are different from western singers. Pansori singer's music formant is higher peaks of intensity for low and high formant frequency. Spectrographic characteristic of vibrato show contrast between Western singers and Pansori singers: dull and small extent for Pansori singers and clear and big extent for western singers. The vibrato rates show differnces between Western singers and Pansori singers; 5.5~6/sec and 4~5.5/sec, respectively. Vibrato rate of pitch range is 3.8 Hz~11.0 Hz for western singers, 7.2 Hz~46.0 Hz for Pansori singers; Vibrato rate of intensity range is 0.3 dB~ 3.3. dB for western singers and 0.2 dB~11.0 dB for Pansori singers. The Acoustic and physiological characteristics of Pansori singer's voice based on music scientific analysis are as follows: (1) Breathy phonation of Pansori singers was caused to asymmetric vocal folds. The patterns of asymmetric vocal fold for Pansori singers are 성대비후증 under two-third under vocal fold or two-third under mid vocal fold. (2) The length and width of vocal fold for Pansoori singers is longher than those of western singers. This results mean that the laryngeal adjustment of Pansori singers is stronger than western singers in singing voice. (3) Third formant frequency of Pansori singer's voice is higher than that of western singer's voice in speech and singing. However, sound intensity level decreases according to increase the formant frequency. (4) Pansori singer's music formant shows higher peaks of intensity for all formant frequency. (5) Spectrographic characteristic of vibrato for Pansori singers shows dull and small extent and the vibrato rates show 4~5.5/sec, vibrato rate of pitch range is 7.2 Hz~46.0 Hz and vibrato rate of intensity range is 0.2 dB~11.0 dB. (6) Glottal gestures of Pansori singers show wider oscillatory of the arytenoid region and narrower supraglottis.

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