이 연구는 국내에서 북스타트 운동을 시행하고 있는 모든 유형의 기관을 대상으로 그 현황과 문제점, 추진과정의 어려움과 제도적 보완장치 등에 대한 인식도를 조사하고 활성화 방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위한 연구의 방법은 각종 자료를 수집·분석하여 북스타트 운동의 개념과 주요 선진국의 동향을 파악하였고, 담당자의 인식도를 조사하기 위하여 2008년 4월 14일부터 4월 28일까지 15일간 설문조사를 하였다. 총 52개 기관에 배부하여 회수한 설문지는 35부이며, 이들을 분석·해석하고 활성화 방안을 제시하였다. 먼저 국내 공공도서관의 북스타트 운동에 대한 인식도 조사결과, 첫째 실시한 계기는 운영주체를 불문하고 영유아기의 독서운동이 매우 중요하다는 것을 인식하였기 때문이다. 둘째, 대상연령은 ‘2세 미만’이 가장 많은 가운데 자치단체는 ‘1세 미만’이, 교육청은 ‘1세～2세 미만’이 더 많은 것으로 나타났고, 대상자 수는 ‘1, 000명～1, 500명 미만’이 가장 많았다. 셋째, 예산은 자치단체가 지원해야 함에도 불구하고 그렇지 못하며, 연간 운영예산도 시행기관에 따라 최고 1, 000만원 이상 차이가 날 정도로 ...
이 연구는 국내에서 북스타트 운동을 시행하고 있는 모든 유형의 기관을 대상으로 그 현황과 문제점, 추진과정의 어려움과 제도적 보완장치 등에 대한 인식도를 조사하고 활성화 방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위한 연구의 방법은 각종 자료를 수집·분석하여 북스타트 운동의 개념과 주요 선진국의 동향을 파악하였고, 담당자의 인식도를 조사하기 위하여 2008년 4월 14일부터 4월 28일까지 15일간 설문조사를 하였다. 총 52개 기관에 배부하여 회수한 설문지는 35부이며, 이들을 분석·해석하고 활성화 방안을 제시하였다. 먼저 국내 공공도서관의 북스타트 운동에 대한 인식도 조사결과, 첫째 실시한 계기는 운영주체를 불문하고 영유아기의 독서운동이 매우 중요하다는 것을 인식하였기 때문이다. 둘째, 대상연령은 ‘2세 미만’이 가장 많은 가운데 자치단체는 ‘1세 미만’이, 교육청은 ‘1세～2세 미만’이 더 많은 것으로 나타났고, 대상자 수는 ‘1, 000명～1, 500명 미만’이 가장 많았다. 셋째, 예산은 자치단체가 지원해야 함에도 불구하고 그렇지 못하며, 연간 운영예산도 시행기관에 따라 최고 1, 000만원 이상 차이가 날 정도로 편차가 심하다. 게다가 인식도 조사결과, 운영주체를 불문하고 52. 1%가 예산에 만족하지 못한다는 의견을 피력하였다. 그리고 북스타트 운동을 위한 독립된 공간의 경우, 운영주체를 불문하고 ‘없다’는 의견이 절반에 근접한 가운데 필요성에 대해서는 전체의 98. 7%가 ‘필요하다’는 의견을 표명하고 있다. 넷째, 담당자의 자질은 ‘프로그램 개발 및 운영 능력’을 가장 중시하였으며 그 다음이 ‘홍보 및 타 기관과의 연계구축 능력’, ‘대상 계층에 대한 이해’, ‘대상 계층과의 의사소통을 위한 기술’, ‘적절한 자료 제공 능력’, ‘장서개발에 대한 기술’순으로 나타났다. 그럼에도 불구하고 공공도서관의 운영주체를 불문하고 23개관 중 15개관(65. 2%)이 전담인력이 ‘없다’에 응답하였다. 한편 자원봉사자의 경우, ‘없다’와 ‘5명 미만’에 응답한 기관이 52. 1%로 절반을 상회하고 있다. 그리고 북스타트 운동을 위한 제반업무 준비는 ‘다른 기관의 북스타트 운동 담당자에게 조언’을 구하거나 ‘본인의 교육배경과 관련문헌 등을 토대로 준비’한다고 응답하였다. 다섯째, 홍보방법은 홈페이지 > 팜플렛 > 언론매체 > 연계기관 > 기타의 순으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 프로그램 제공상 어려운 점은 ‘업무 과중’, ‘예산 부족’, ‘시설 부족’, ‘지도강사 위촉’, ‘담당자의 전문성 부족’, ‘홍보 부족’, ‘수강생 모집’순으로 나타났다. 일곱째, 타 기관과의 연계문제는 운영주체를 불문하고 전체 23개관 중 13개관(56. 5%)이 ‘연계하는 기관이 ‘없다’에 응답하고 있다. 그리고 연계하는 경우도 전체의 57. 2%가 ‘보건소’및 ‘도서관’과 연계하고 있고 그 내용도 절반이 ‘홍보’를 치중하고 있다. 여덟째, 추진하는 과정에서 가장 어렵게 생각하는 점은 ‘담당자의 전문성 부족’, ‘프로그램 부족’, ‘홍보 부족’으로 나타났으며, 추진할 때 중시해야 할 점은 ‘예산 확보’, ‘시설(유아 전용공간 등)확보’, ‘다양한 프로그램 개발’, ‘인력 확보’, ‘민간참여 확대’, ‘자원봉사자 확보’, ‘타 기관과의 연계확대’순으로 높았다. 그리고 활성화에 필요한 제도적 보완장치는 ‘광역자치단체 중심의 체계적인 정책수립 및 집행’, ‘공공도서관이 주도하고 시민단체가 참여하는 방식’, ‘시민단체가 주도하고 공공기관이 지원하는 방식’, ‘전국적 연대결성(북스타트운동전국협의체)’, ‘북스타트 운영을 위한 조례 제정’의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 이상의 인식도 조사결과 및 문제점을 중심으로 국내 공공도서관의 북스타트 운동을 활성화하기 위하여 제시한 방안을 간추리면 다음과 같다. 1. 북스타트 운동을 위한 예산문제의 경우, 모든 자치단체가 운영주체를 불문하고 공공도서관의 북스타트 운동에 필요한 예산을 지원해야 한다. 그리고 자치단체는 북스타트 운동을 위한 예산을 당해연도 사업예산에 편성하되, 영유아를 위한 예산을 별도로 편성하는 것이 바람직하다. 2. 북스타트 운동을 위한 공간문제의 경우, 정부 및 자치단체는 독립적인 북스타트용 사무공간 및 영유아 이용공간을 확보하도록 지원해야 한다. 다만 현실적으로 공공도서관 건물에 영유아 공간을 마련하기 어렵기 때문에 차선책으로 어린이실 내에 구획한 유아공간을 마련하는 방안도 생각할 수 있다. 3. 북스타트 운동을 위한 인적 자원의 경우, 반드시 전담사서를 확보해야 하며 자체의 담당자 직무교육 강화, 대학의 관련교육 강화, 국가차원의 교육연수 프로그램 개설 등을 통하여 전문성 제고방안을 강구해야 한다. 한편, 자원봉사자가 없거나 극소수인 공공도서관은 ‘10～20명’의 자원봉사자를 확보하는 것이 바람직하며 우수 자원봉사 사례에 대한 시상 및 홍보, 자원봉사 마일리지 도입, ‘북스타트 자원봉사단’의 시범운영 등을 통한 자원봉사체제를 마련해야 한다. 4. 북스타트 운동의 홍보문제는 강화방안과 적극적 활동을 동시에 전개해야 한다. 또한 지역을 중심으로 하는 어머니 교육프로그램을 실시하든지, 저소득층 영유아를 위하여 어린이집을 찾아 프로그램을 적용하는 등의 방법을 강구할 필요가 있다. 자치단체도 대대적인 홍보활동이나 방송매체를 북스타트 운동의 홍보방법을 모색해야 한다. 5. 북스타트 운동을 위한 프로그램의 경우, 영유아 프로그램을 활성화해야 한다. 또한 북스타트 운동을 활성화하고 그 효과를 제고시키려면 이벤트성 내지 일회성 활동을 지양하고 선진국 사례를 벤치마킹하여 프로그램의 다양화를 통한 운동의 다양화를 도모해야 한다. 6. 타 기관과의 연계협력의 경우, 우선 보건소가 영유아를 책의 세계로 안내하는 역할을 맡고, 그 다음 단계로 공공도서관을 비롯한 지역문화 공간은 다양한 문화프로그램을 마련하는 방향으로 협력하는 것이 바람직하다. 7. 마지막으로 공공도서관 중심의 북스타트 운동을 활성화하려면 몇 가지의 제도적 보완장치가 필요하다. 첫째, 대통령 소속의 도서관정보정책위원회는 국가차원의 공공도서관 북스타트 운동을 위한 체계적인 정책을 수립하고 광역시도의 연차별 시행계획에 반영하여 추진하도록 제도화해야 한다. 둘째, 광역시도는 지역대표도서관으로 하여금 정부정책의 기조를 반영하는 북스타트 운동의 시책을 수립. 추진해야 한다. 셋째, 공공도서관이 주도하고 북스타트위원회가 지원하는 가운데 시민단체와 자원봉사자가 적극 참여하는 방식이 바람직하다. 넷째, 모든 자치단체가 ‘한 도시 한 책읽기 운동’과 더불어 북스타트 운동을 전개하고 그 중심에 공공도서관이 위치하면 가칭 ‘북스타트 전국연대’를 결성하여 대회, 세미나, 보고회 등을 통하여 지식과 경험을 공유할 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 국내의 북스타트 운동은 정부와 자치단체가 주도하고 일선의 공공도서관이 구심체로 작동할 수밖에 없지만, 활성화 단계를 거쳐 문맹퇴치, 정보격차, 평생학습을 위한 자발적 사회문화 운동으로 정착되는 것이 바람직하다.
이 연구는 국내에서 북스타트 운동을 시행하고 있는 모든 유형의 기관을 대상으로 그 현황과 문제점, 추진과정의 어려움과 제도적 보완장치 등에 대한 인식도를 조사하고 활성화 방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위한 연구의 방법은 각종 자료를 수집·분석하여 북스타트 운동의 개념과 주요 선진국의 동향을 파악하였고, 담당자의 인식도를 조사하기 위하여 2008년 4월 14일부터 4월 28일까지 15일간 설문조사를 하였다. 총 52개 기관에 배부하여 회수한 설문지는 35부이며, 이들을 분석·해석하고 활성화 방안을 제시하였다. 먼저 국내 공공도서관의 북스타트 운동에 대한 인식도 조사결과, 첫째 실시한 계기는 운영주체를 불문하고 영유아기의 독서운동이 매우 중요하다는 것을 인식하였기 때문이다. 둘째, 대상연령은 ‘2세 미만’이 가장 많은 가운데 자치단체는 ‘1세 미만’이, 교육청은 ‘1세～2세 미만’이 더 많은 것으로 나타났고, 대상자 수는 ‘1, 000명～1, 500명 미만’이 가장 많았다. 셋째, 예산은 자치단체가 지원해야 함에도 불구하고 그렇지 못하며, 연간 운영예산도 시행기관에 따라 최고 1, 000만원 이상 차이가 날 정도로 편차가 심하다. 게다가 인식도 조사결과, 운영주체를 불문하고 52. 1%가 예산에 만족하지 못한다는 의견을 피력하였다. 그리고 북스타트 운동을 위한 독립된 공간의 경우, 운영주체를 불문하고 ‘없다’는 의견이 절반에 근접한 가운데 필요성에 대해서는 전체의 98. 7%가 ‘필요하다’는 의견을 표명하고 있다. 넷째, 담당자의 자질은 ‘프로그램 개발 및 운영 능력’을 가장 중시하였으며 그 다음이 ‘홍보 및 타 기관과의 연계구축 능력’, ‘대상 계층에 대한 이해’, ‘대상 계층과의 의사소통을 위한 기술’, ‘적절한 자료 제공 능력’, ‘장서개발에 대한 기술’순으로 나타났다. 그럼에도 불구하고 공공도서관의 운영주체를 불문하고 23개관 중 15개관(65. 2%)이 전담인력이 ‘없다’에 응답하였다. 한편 자원봉사자의 경우, ‘없다’와 ‘5명 미만’에 응답한 기관이 52. 1%로 절반을 상회하고 있다. 그리고 북스타트 운동을 위한 제반업무 준비는 ‘다른 기관의 북스타트 운동 담당자에게 조언’을 구하거나 ‘본인의 교육배경과 관련문헌 등을 토대로 준비’한다고 응답하였다. 다섯째, 홍보방법은 홈페이지 > 팜플렛 > 언론매체 > 연계기관 > 기타의 순으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 프로그램 제공상 어려운 점은 ‘업무 과중’, ‘예산 부족’, ‘시설 부족’, ‘지도강사 위촉’, ‘담당자의 전문성 부족’, ‘홍보 부족’, ‘수강생 모집’순으로 나타났다. 일곱째, 타 기관과의 연계문제는 운영주체를 불문하고 전체 23개관 중 13개관(56. 5%)이 ‘연계하는 기관이 ‘없다’에 응답하고 있다. 그리고 연계하는 경우도 전체의 57. 2%가 ‘보건소’및 ‘도서관’과 연계하고 있고 그 내용도 절반이 ‘홍보’를 치중하고 있다. 여덟째, 추진하는 과정에서 가장 어렵게 생각하는 점은 ‘담당자의 전문성 부족’, ‘프로그램 부족’, ‘홍보 부족’으로 나타났으며, 추진할 때 중시해야 할 점은 ‘예산 확보’, ‘시설(유아 전용공간 등)확보’, ‘다양한 프로그램 개발’, ‘인력 확보’, ‘민간참여 확대’, ‘자원봉사자 확보’, ‘타 기관과의 연계확대’순으로 높았다. 그리고 활성화에 필요한 제도적 보완장치는 ‘광역자치단체 중심의 체계적인 정책수립 및 집행’, ‘공공도서관이 주도하고 시민단체가 참여하는 방식’, ‘시민단체가 주도하고 공공기관이 지원하는 방식’, ‘전국적 연대결성(북스타트운동전국협의체)’, ‘북스타트 운영을 위한 조례 제정’의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 이상의 인식도 조사결과 및 문제점을 중심으로 국내 공공도서관의 북스타트 운동을 활성화하기 위하여 제시한 방안을 간추리면 다음과 같다. 1. 북스타트 운동을 위한 예산문제의 경우, 모든 자치단체가 운영주체를 불문하고 공공도서관의 북스타트 운동에 필요한 예산을 지원해야 한다. 그리고 자치단체는 북스타트 운동을 위한 예산을 당해연도 사업예산에 편성하되, 영유아를 위한 예산을 별도로 편성하는 것이 바람직하다. 2. 북스타트 운동을 위한 공간문제의 경우, 정부 및 자치단체는 독립적인 북스타트용 사무공간 및 영유아 이용공간을 확보하도록 지원해야 한다. 다만 현실적으로 공공도서관 건물에 영유아 공간을 마련하기 어렵기 때문에 차선책으로 어린이실 내에 구획한 유아공간을 마련하는 방안도 생각할 수 있다. 3. 북스타트 운동을 위한 인적 자원의 경우, 반드시 전담사서를 확보해야 하며 자체의 담당자 직무교육 강화, 대학의 관련교육 강화, 국가차원의 교육연수 프로그램 개설 등을 통하여 전문성 제고방안을 강구해야 한다. 한편, 자원봉사자가 없거나 극소수인 공공도서관은 ‘10～20명’의 자원봉사자를 확보하는 것이 바람직하며 우수 자원봉사 사례에 대한 시상 및 홍보, 자원봉사 마일리지 도입, ‘북스타트 자원봉사단’의 시범운영 등을 통한 자원봉사체제를 마련해야 한다. 4. 북스타트 운동의 홍보문제는 강화방안과 적극적 활동을 동시에 전개해야 한다. 또한 지역을 중심으로 하는 어머니 교육프로그램을 실시하든지, 저소득층 영유아를 위하여 어린이집을 찾아 프로그램을 적용하는 등의 방법을 강구할 필요가 있다. 자치단체도 대대적인 홍보활동이나 방송매체를 북스타트 운동의 홍보방법을 모색해야 한다. 5. 북스타트 운동을 위한 프로그램의 경우, 영유아 프로그램을 활성화해야 한다. 또한 북스타트 운동을 활성화하고 그 효과를 제고시키려면 이벤트성 내지 일회성 활동을 지양하고 선진국 사례를 벤치마킹하여 프로그램의 다양화를 통한 운동의 다양화를 도모해야 한다. 6. 타 기관과의 연계협력의 경우, 우선 보건소가 영유아를 책의 세계로 안내하는 역할을 맡고, 그 다음 단계로 공공도서관을 비롯한 지역문화 공간은 다양한 문화프로그램을 마련하는 방향으로 협력하는 것이 바람직하다. 7. 마지막으로 공공도서관 중심의 북스타트 운동을 활성화하려면 몇 가지의 제도적 보완장치가 필요하다. 첫째, 대통령 소속의 도서관정보정책위원회는 국가차원의 공공도서관 북스타트 운동을 위한 체계적인 정책을 수립하고 광역시도의 연차별 시행계획에 반영하여 추진하도록 제도화해야 한다. 둘째, 광역시도는 지역대표도서관으로 하여금 정부정책의 기조를 반영하는 북스타트 운동의 시책을 수립. 추진해야 한다. 셋째, 공공도서관이 주도하고 북스타트위원회가 지원하는 가운데 시민단체와 자원봉사자가 적극 참여하는 방식이 바람직하다. 넷째, 모든 자치단체가 ‘한 도시 한 책읽기 운동’과 더불어 북스타트 운동을 전개하고 그 중심에 공공도서관이 위치하면 가칭 ‘북스타트 전국연대’를 결성하여 대회, 세미나, 보고회 등을 통하여 지식과 경험을 공유할 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 국내의 북스타트 운동은 정부와 자치단체가 주도하고 일선의 공공도서관이 구심체로 작동할 수밖에 없지만, 활성화 단계를 거쳐 문맹퇴치, 정보격차, 평생학습을 위한 자발적 사회문화 운동으로 정착되는 것이 바람직하다.
This study aims to examine the background and trends of the Bookstart's movement as well as cases of major advanced countries (UK, USA, Japan) and investigate present situations and problems of local Bookstart program, difficulties faced by local organizations in the course of them implementing the ...
This study aims to examine the background and trends of the Bookstart's movement as well as cases of major advanced countries (UK, USA, Japan) and investigate present situations and problems of local Bookstart program, difficulties faced by local organizations in the course of them implementing the program, and awareness on institutional support system, and ultimately propose strategies for its activation. In particular, considering that public libraries with easier access to babies having highly limited mobility and accessability should be the base of the program, the essay focuses on strategies of its activation for public libraries. In methodology to achieve these goals, various data were collected and analyzed to understand the concept of the Bookstart program and trends in major advanced countries. Also, in order to examine the awareness of the persons in charge, a questionnaire survey was administered for 15 days from April 14 to 28, 2008. The questionnaire survey copies collected from 52 organizations totaled 35, and from the analysis and interpretation of the questionnaire survey results, the study suggests strategies for the activation of the program. First of all, the findings from the survey on the awareness of local public libraries about the Bookstart program and problems are as follows: 1. The shared recognition across public libraries regardless of the operator that promotion of book reading for babies is very important initiated the Bookstart program, and therefore, the motivation seems highly desirable. However, it is necessary to make active effort to convince heads of public libraries and local governments how important the program is, in that no matter how strong the awareness is, its activation and substantial progress cannot be expected, if the head of each organization lacks will or there is not a sufficient financial support from the superior authorities. 2. In regard to ages of babies covered by the program, most organizations were found to set to ‘less than 2 years,' and local governments preferred ‘less than 1 year’ with education of offices ‘from 1 to less than 2.' Given that Bookstart should over all babies, it seems problematic for education offices to set the applicable ages to 'from 1 to less than 2.' Therefore, it is better for public libraries to give a priority to babies 'less than 1 of age' regardless of the operator, with optional application to those babies 'from 1 to less than 1.' As to the number of babies covered, ‘1,000 to 1,500 or below’ was found to be ranked top, but it is considered necessary to reduce the number to '100 to 500 or below' in consideration of financial burden, effectiveness, expected effects, and the fact that Bookstart will be expanded to all the public libraries in Korea. 3. As to the Bookstart budget, local governments had not supported in reality. Also in the annual operating budget, there was a striking difference amounting up to 10 million won among organization. In addition, the survey on the awareness on the Bookstart budget indicated that 52.1% of the organizations regardless of the operator responded 'unsatisfactory,' which raises the need for strategies to secure proper budget. Furthermore, almost half of the participant public libraries regardless of the operator responded 'none' to the question about the existence of independent space for Bookstart, with 98.7% responded ‘there is a need for it’, which indicates that it is urgent to prepare spaces exclusively designed for Bookstart. 4. When asked about qualifications necessary for the Bookstart staff, most participants answered 'the ability to develop and manage programs', followed by ‘the ability of promotion and setting up of a network with other organizations’, ‘understanding on the population covered by the program’, ‘communication skills with the covered population’, ‘ability to provide appropriate materials’, and ‘collection development skills’ in order. Nevertheless, 15(65.2%) out of 23 public libraries in this study, regardless of the operator, responded that there was no workforce in charge of the program only, which means that the allocation of the ‘librarian exclusively in charge of Bookstart is urgent. In relation to volunteer workers, libraries exceeding 52.1% responded "none" or "less than 5", which implies that increasing volunteer workers are urgent as well. In the preparation for Bookstart, respondents answered that they 'asked for advice from persons in charge of the program at other organizations,' or ‘prepared on the ground of his or her educational background and related literature,’ which shows that systematic preparations have not been made. 5. Although ways to promote Bookstart mentioned were those via websites, pamphlets, media, partner organizations, and others in order, these promotion methods are effective only to those who have interest in the program. Therefore, more active promotion efforts are needed to have those who have no interest or are not in the position to have interest participate in Bookstart. 6. In terms of difficulties in the course of implementation of the Bookstart program, ‘overloaded work’ was found to be highest, followed by ‘lacking budget’, ‘lacks of facilities’, ‘appointment of lecturers’, ‘lacking expertise of those in charge,' 'lack of promotion’, and ‘collection of participants’ in order. 7. As for the network with other organizations for Bookstart, 13(56.5%) out of 23 public libraries, regardless of the operator, responded that they had ‘no organization linked with them,' which shows that the network with other organizations is seriously lacking. Even if linked with other organizations, 57.2% had networks with ‘public health centers’ and ‘libraries’, with half of the networks focusing on 'promotion,' which shows there is a need of diversification of the networks, in terms of types of organizations and content of network. 8. The most difficult issue for the public libraries concerning Bookstart was found to be ‘lacking expertise of persons in charge,' ‘lack of programs’, and ‘lack of promotion,’ and issues to pay more attention for Bookstart were found to ‘securing of budget’, ‘preparing facilities (spaces for babies, etc.),' ‘development of various programs’, ‘securing workforce’, ‘expansion of participation of the private sector’, ‘securing volunteer workers’, and ‘increased network with other organizations’ in order. Moreover, the study has found that institutional support systems for the activation of Bookstart included ‘systematic policy making and implementation led by local governments covering a broader range of areas’, ‘a program led by public libraries and participated in by civic societies’, ‘a program led by civic societies and supported by public agencies’, ‘forming a nationwide coalition (national confederation for Bookstart)’, and ‘issuance of an ordinance for the operation of the Bookstart program.’ On the basis of the above results of the survey on the awareness and problems of the Bookstart program, strategies proposed by the study to boost the Bookstart program across public libraries nationwide in Korea are summarized as below: 1. In regard to the Bookstart budget, local governments should provide budget for Bookstart to public libraries, regardless of the operator, and local governments should make the budget for the Bookstart program annually, making a separate budget for babies. 2. As to the space for Bookstart, the central government and local governments should provide support so as to secure separate spaces for administration of Bookstart and for babies. For babies to use public libraries, sleeping rooms and breast-feeding rooms are needed, but in reality, it is hard to put aside a space for babies in public libraries. As an alternative, a section of children's room can be used for babies. Such babies' section in children's room can make the space look spacious by installing a wall giving an impression of being opened. Also, there is a need to explore a way to prevent noise and ensure a better environment for primary school students who read books in the space. 3. In regard with workforce for Bookstart, librarians exclusively in charge of the program should be positioned, because the program generally covers babies below 1 of age, and therefore librarians should have specialized knowledge on babies to ensure full effects of Bookstart. For this purpose, it is essential for a national committee and governing ministries to establish a plan for recruitment for an appropriate period as soon as possible and make effort and exert political ability to secure needed workforce in consultation with other related ministries (the Ministry of Government Affairs and Home Affairs, the Ministry of Planning and Budget). Moreover, referring to the duties of the Bookstart librarians in advanced countries, an appropriate job model should be presented. Also, as most public libraries could not operate systematic program due to the lack of awareness and expertise of the Bookstart staff members, it is important to establish ways to enhance expertise of the staff, with resort to intensive job training for the staff, strengthening of related education by universities, development of a national education and training program. In the meantime, for those public libraries which have no or limited number of volunteer workers, it is desirable to allocate 10 to 20 volunteer works. To make this possible, public libraries should set up a network with volunteer workers' centers of local governments, while recruiting via volunteer service promotion plans, volunteer workers's conferences, and seminars in a systematic manner. Also, volunteering service system via award-giving to best volunteer workers and promotion, volunteering service milage plan, and trial operation of the ‘Bookstart volunteers squad’ should have been formed. 4. For the promotion for Bookstart, strengthening and positive activities should go hand in hand. To this end, public libraries should cooperate with public health centers, media, and local governments by briefing intentions, objectives, and expected effects of Bookstart, while strengthening promotion activities, focusing on its importance and expected effects, in particular. In addition, local mothers' education programs or application of the program to daycare centers for babies from low-income families should be considered. Local governments also should make effort for the promotion of Bookstart via large-scaled promotion activities or media. 5. To promote Bookstart, more programs for babies should be encouraged. Despite the existence of programs for babies provided by the public libraries which adopted the Bookstart program, there is no program for babies 1 year old or older. Only when programs for babies stand on a firm ground, the linking next stage program can be developed, and therefore, development of programs for babies is a priority. In addition, for the activation of Bookstart and raise of its effect, instead of events or onetime activities, diversification of the program should be made, through benchmarking the cases of advanced countries. As the ultimate goal of Bookstart lies in helping babies and their parents become familiar with books, make reading and using libraries a habit, raise their information interpretation skills, it is desirable to develop programs directly related to material-based reading habits and capacity of using libraries, rather than remaining at the level of a movement. 6. In relation to networking and cooperation with other organizations, cooperation should be made so that public health centers serve to conduct babies to the world of books, and then cultural facilities in the community including public libraries provide various cultural programs, because the activation of the program can be expected, only when it becomes 'a program by public libraries' going beyond the Bookstart by public health centers. Therefore, local governments, public health centers, public libraries, sponsors and volunteers should work together to continue the development of creative programs such as opening of child-care support centers, expansion and promotion of the use of public libraries, creation of reading environment, reading picture books or reading forums, and hosting of local cultural festivals, while encouraging the participation of residents. Local Bookstart committees should take the lead in making their communities enjoy easier access to books and culture, by building internet websites and holding various cultural or educational programs needed for residents. Finally, exchanges and cooperation among and between public libraries are critical. All the public libraries, regardless of the operator, should set a plan for and promote the Bookstart program as a win-win program so as to overcome the absence of network. 7. Finally, activation of the public libraries-led Bookstart program requires some institutional support systems. First, a Library and Information Policy Bureau directly responsible to the president should be established so as to set a systematic plan for Bookstart at a government level and to promote the implementation of the program according to project plans of metropolitan local governments for the relevant period. Second, metropolitan local governments should make and implement policies by having representative libraries of the region to reflect the core of the central government policies. To this end, it is necessary to amend bylaws on representative libraries of the region and public libraries so that Bookstart will become one of the key operations of the libraries. However, in case that local governments enact a separate law on Bookstart, there should be a linkage between representative libraries of the region and public libraries. Third, although a Bookstart program led by local governments and participated in by public health centers, libraries, civic societies, volunteer workers, and Korea Bookstart committee is conceivable, it is more recommendable to promote the program in the mode led by public libraries, supported by the Bookstart committee, and actively participated in by civic societies and volunteer workers, considering workforce and expertise, budge and facilities, selection of materials, intention of the program and expected effects. Fourth, if public libraries are in the center, while all local governments promote ‘a book for a city movement' as well as Bookstart, there is a need for a so-called ‘national coalition of Bookstart' to share knowledge and experience via forums, seminars, and presentations. The expanded and continued butterfly effect of Bookstart can make a contribution to the development of the country into a cultural nation and knowledge advanced country in which libraries are in the center of daily lives of citizens, with nationwide participation and coalition. Fifth, currently, it is the best option for the local Bookstart movement that the central and local government take the lead, with public libraries functioning as a center, but the movement should become voluntary socio-cultural movement for elimination of illiteracy and information divide, and life-long learning via activation stages. Therefore, in mid and longer term, local governments and public libraries should make continued effort to secure budge necessary for Bookstart, by encouraging donations of local businesses, social work bodies, and individuals of the community. In short, to boost the Bookstart program of local public libraries, public health centers should conduct babies to the world of books, with public libraries providing diverse and interesting reading materials and programs. If the Bookstart program remains at the level of providing familiar environment for babies, it cannot be expected that they will have a reading habit and enjoy library-centered knowledge culture in their youth and adulthood. The Bookstart program led and boosted by public libraries will not only make a contribution to the seeding of Bookstart for babies, but also enjoying the fruit of a citizen of a cultural nation.
This study aims to examine the background and trends of the Bookstart's movement as well as cases of major advanced countries (UK, USA, Japan) and investigate present situations and problems of local Bookstart program, difficulties faced by local organizations in the course of them implementing the program, and awareness on institutional support system, and ultimately propose strategies for its activation. In particular, considering that public libraries with easier access to babies having highly limited mobility and accessability should be the base of the program, the essay focuses on strategies of its activation for public libraries. In methodology to achieve these goals, various data were collected and analyzed to understand the concept of the Bookstart program and trends in major advanced countries. Also, in order to examine the awareness of the persons in charge, a questionnaire survey was administered for 15 days from April 14 to 28, 2008. The questionnaire survey copies collected from 52 organizations totaled 35, and from the analysis and interpretation of the questionnaire survey results, the study suggests strategies for the activation of the program. First of all, the findings from the survey on the awareness of local public libraries about the Bookstart program and problems are as follows: 1. The shared recognition across public libraries regardless of the operator that promotion of book reading for babies is very important initiated the Bookstart program, and therefore, the motivation seems highly desirable. However, it is necessary to make active effort to convince heads of public libraries and local governments how important the program is, in that no matter how strong the awareness is, its activation and substantial progress cannot be expected, if the head of each organization lacks will or there is not a sufficient financial support from the superior authorities. 2. In regard to ages of babies covered by the program, most organizations were found to set to ‘less than 2 years,' and local governments preferred ‘less than 1 year’ with education of offices ‘from 1 to less than 2.' Given that Bookstart should over all babies, it seems problematic for education offices to set the applicable ages to 'from 1 to less than 2.' Therefore, it is better for public libraries to give a priority to babies 'less than 1 of age' regardless of the operator, with optional application to those babies 'from 1 to less than 1.' As to the number of babies covered, ‘1,000 to 1,500 or below’ was found to be ranked top, but it is considered necessary to reduce the number to '100 to 500 or below' in consideration of financial burden, effectiveness, expected effects, and the fact that Bookstart will be expanded to all the public libraries in Korea. 3. As to the Bookstart budget, local governments had not supported in reality. Also in the annual operating budget, there was a striking difference amounting up to 10 million won among organization. In addition, the survey on the awareness on the Bookstart budget indicated that 52.1% of the organizations regardless of the operator responded 'unsatisfactory,' which raises the need for strategies to secure proper budget. Furthermore, almost half of the participant public libraries regardless of the operator responded 'none' to the question about the existence of independent space for Bookstart, with 98.7% responded ‘there is a need for it’, which indicates that it is urgent to prepare spaces exclusively designed for Bookstart. 4. When asked about qualifications necessary for the Bookstart staff, most participants answered 'the ability to develop and manage programs', followed by ‘the ability of promotion and setting up of a network with other organizations’, ‘understanding on the population covered by the program’, ‘communication skills with the covered population’, ‘ability to provide appropriate materials’, and ‘collection development skills’ in order. Nevertheless, 15(65.2%) out of 23 public libraries in this study, regardless of the operator, responded that there was no workforce in charge of the program only, which means that the allocation of the ‘librarian exclusively in charge of Bookstart is urgent. In relation to volunteer workers, libraries exceeding 52.1% responded "none" or "less than 5", which implies that increasing volunteer workers are urgent as well. In the preparation for Bookstart, respondents answered that they 'asked for advice from persons in charge of the program at other organizations,' or ‘prepared on the ground of his or her educational background and related literature,’ which shows that systematic preparations have not been made. 5. Although ways to promote Bookstart mentioned were those via websites, pamphlets, media, partner organizations, and others in order, these promotion methods are effective only to those who have interest in the program. Therefore, more active promotion efforts are needed to have those who have no interest or are not in the position to have interest participate in Bookstart. 6. In terms of difficulties in the course of implementation of the Bookstart program, ‘overloaded work’ was found to be highest, followed by ‘lacking budget’, ‘lacks of facilities’, ‘appointment of lecturers’, ‘lacking expertise of those in charge,' 'lack of promotion’, and ‘collection of participants’ in order. 7. As for the network with other organizations for Bookstart, 13(56.5%) out of 23 public libraries, regardless of the operator, responded that they had ‘no organization linked with them,' which shows that the network with other organizations is seriously lacking. Even if linked with other organizations, 57.2% had networks with ‘public health centers’ and ‘libraries’, with half of the networks focusing on 'promotion,' which shows there is a need of diversification of the networks, in terms of types of organizations and content of network. 8. The most difficult issue for the public libraries concerning Bookstart was found to be ‘lacking expertise of persons in charge,' ‘lack of programs’, and ‘lack of promotion,’ and issues to pay more attention for Bookstart were found to ‘securing of budget’, ‘preparing facilities (spaces for babies, etc.),' ‘development of various programs’, ‘securing workforce’, ‘expansion of participation of the private sector’, ‘securing volunteer workers’, and ‘increased network with other organizations’ in order. Moreover, the study has found that institutional support systems for the activation of Bookstart included ‘systematic policy making and implementation led by local governments covering a broader range of areas’, ‘a program led by public libraries and participated in by civic societies’, ‘a program led by civic societies and supported by public agencies’, ‘forming a nationwide coalition (national confederation for Bookstart)’, and ‘issuance of an ordinance for the operation of the Bookstart program.’ On the basis of the above results of the survey on the awareness and problems of the Bookstart program, strategies proposed by the study to boost the Bookstart program across public libraries nationwide in Korea are summarized as below: 1. In regard to the Bookstart budget, local governments should provide budget for Bookstart to public libraries, regardless of the operator, and local governments should make the budget for the Bookstart program annually, making a separate budget for babies. 2. As to the space for Bookstart, the central government and local governments should provide support so as to secure separate spaces for administration of Bookstart and for babies. For babies to use public libraries, sleeping rooms and breast-feeding rooms are needed, but in reality, it is hard to put aside a space for babies in public libraries. As an alternative, a section of children's room can be used for babies. Such babies' section in children's room can make the space look spacious by installing a wall giving an impression of being opened. Also, there is a need to explore a way to prevent noise and ensure a better environment for primary school students who read books in the space. 3. In regard with workforce for Bookstart, librarians exclusively in charge of the program should be positioned, because the program generally covers babies below 1 of age, and therefore librarians should have specialized knowledge on babies to ensure full effects of Bookstart. For this purpose, it is essential for a national committee and governing ministries to establish a plan for recruitment for an appropriate period as soon as possible and make effort and exert political ability to secure needed workforce in consultation with other related ministries (the Ministry of Government Affairs and Home Affairs, the Ministry of Planning and Budget). Moreover, referring to the duties of the Bookstart librarians in advanced countries, an appropriate job model should be presented. Also, as most public libraries could not operate systematic program due to the lack of awareness and expertise of the Bookstart staff members, it is important to establish ways to enhance expertise of the staff, with resort to intensive job training for the staff, strengthening of related education by universities, development of a national education and training program. In the meantime, for those public libraries which have no or limited number of volunteer workers, it is desirable to allocate 10 to 20 volunteer works. To make this possible, public libraries should set up a network with volunteer workers' centers of local governments, while recruiting via volunteer service promotion plans, volunteer workers's conferences, and seminars in a systematic manner. Also, volunteering service system via award-giving to best volunteer workers and promotion, volunteering service milage plan, and trial operation of the ‘Bookstart volunteers squad’ should have been formed. 4. For the promotion for Bookstart, strengthening and positive activities should go hand in hand. To this end, public libraries should cooperate with public health centers, media, and local governments by briefing intentions, objectives, and expected effects of Bookstart, while strengthening promotion activities, focusing on its importance and expected effects, in particular. In addition, local mothers' education programs or application of the program to daycare centers for babies from low-income families should be considered. Local governments also should make effort for the promotion of Bookstart via large-scaled promotion activities or media. 5. To promote Bookstart, more programs for babies should be encouraged. Despite the existence of programs for babies provided by the public libraries which adopted the Bookstart program, there is no program for babies 1 year old or older. Only when programs for babies stand on a firm ground, the linking next stage program can be developed, and therefore, development of programs for babies is a priority. In addition, for the activation of Bookstart and raise of its effect, instead of events or onetime activities, diversification of the program should be made, through benchmarking the cases of advanced countries. As the ultimate goal of Bookstart lies in helping babies and their parents become familiar with books, make reading and using libraries a habit, raise their information interpretation skills, it is desirable to develop programs directly related to material-based reading habits and capacity of using libraries, rather than remaining at the level of a movement. 6. In relation to networking and cooperation with other organizations, cooperation should be made so that public health centers serve to conduct babies to the world of books, and then cultural facilities in the community including public libraries provide various cultural programs, because the activation of the program can be expected, only when it becomes 'a program by public libraries' going beyond the Bookstart by public health centers. Therefore, local governments, public health centers, public libraries, sponsors and volunteers should work together to continue the development of creative programs such as opening of child-care support centers, expansion and promotion of the use of public libraries, creation of reading environment, reading picture books or reading forums, and hosting of local cultural festivals, while encouraging the participation of residents. Local Bookstart committees should take the lead in making their communities enjoy easier access to books and culture, by building internet websites and holding various cultural or educational programs needed for residents. Finally, exchanges and cooperation among and between public libraries are critical. All the public libraries, regardless of the operator, should set a plan for and promote the Bookstart program as a win-win program so as to overcome the absence of network. 7. Finally, activation of the public libraries-led Bookstart program requires some institutional support systems. First, a Library and Information Policy Bureau directly responsible to the president should be established so as to set a systematic plan for Bookstart at a government level and to promote the implementation of the program according to project plans of metropolitan local governments for the relevant period. Second, metropolitan local governments should make and implement policies by having representative libraries of the region to reflect the core of the central government policies. To this end, it is necessary to amend bylaws on representative libraries of the region and public libraries so that Bookstart will become one of the key operations of the libraries. However, in case that local governments enact a separate law on Bookstart, there should be a linkage between representative libraries of the region and public libraries. Third, although a Bookstart program led by local governments and participated in by public health centers, libraries, civic societies, volunteer workers, and Korea Bookstart committee is conceivable, it is more recommendable to promote the program in the mode led by public libraries, supported by the Bookstart committee, and actively participated in by civic societies and volunteer workers, considering workforce and expertise, budge and facilities, selection of materials, intention of the program and expected effects. Fourth, if public libraries are in the center, while all local governments promote ‘a book for a city movement' as well as Bookstart, there is a need for a so-called ‘national coalition of Bookstart' to share knowledge and experience via forums, seminars, and presentations. The expanded and continued butterfly effect of Bookstart can make a contribution to the development of the country into a cultural nation and knowledge advanced country in which libraries are in the center of daily lives of citizens, with nationwide participation and coalition. Fifth, currently, it is the best option for the local Bookstart movement that the central and local government take the lead, with public libraries functioning as a center, but the movement should become voluntary socio-cultural movement for elimination of illiteracy and information divide, and life-long learning via activation stages. Therefore, in mid and longer term, local governments and public libraries should make continued effort to secure budge necessary for Bookstart, by encouraging donations of local businesses, social work bodies, and individuals of the community. In short, to boost the Bookstart program of local public libraries, public health centers should conduct babies to the world of books, with public libraries providing diverse and interesting reading materials and programs. If the Bookstart program remains at the level of providing familiar environment for babies, it cannot be expected that they will have a reading habit and enjoy library-centered knowledge culture in their youth and adulthood. The Bookstart program led and boosted by public libraries will not only make a contribution to the seeding of Bookstart for babies, but also enjoying the fruit of a citizen of a cultural nation.
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