둥굴레, 어성초 및 구기자를 이용한 건강음료의 제조 및 특성에 관한 연구 Physiological Characteristics and Process Optimization of Healthy Beverage using Hot-water Extracts of Houttuynia cordata,Polygonatum odoratum var pluriflorum, and Lycium chinensis Miller원문보기
둥굴레, 어성초 및 구기자의 열수추출액으로 건강음료를 제조하기 위하여 반응표면분석법으로 제조조건을 최적화하였다. 그 결과 어성초 열수추출액 1.74%, 둥굴레 열수추출액 2.15% 및 구기자 열수추출액 0.19%가 음료 제조를 위한 최적 첨가비율로 예측되었다. 제조한 음료의 일반성분은 수분 99.58%, 조단백질 0.06%, 조지방 0.09%, 탄수화물 0.25% 및 조회분 0.02%였다. 음료의 pH는 4.551, 당도는 0.600 °Brix 및 산도는 0.024%였으며, 색도는 L*값 72.82, a*값 -0.74, b*값 10.63 이었다. 음료의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 3.61 mg/mL, ...
둥굴레, 어성초 및 구기자의 열수추출액으로 건강음료를 제조하기 위하여 반응표면분석법으로 제조조건을 최적화하였다. 그 결과 어성초 열수추출액 1.74%, 둥굴레 열수추출액 2.15% 및 구기자 열수추출액 0.19%가 음료 제조를 위한 최적 첨가비율로 예측되었다. 제조한 음료의 일반성분은 수분 99.58%, 조단백질 0.06%, 조지방 0.09%, 탄수화물 0.25% 및 조회분 0.02%였다. 음료의 pH는 4.551, 당도는 0.600 °Brix 및 산도는 0.024%였으며, 색도는 L*값 72.82, a*값 -0.74, b*값 10.63 이었다. 음료의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 3.61 mg/mL, 전자공여능은 23.78%, 환원력은 0.26 이었다. 음료의 주 유리아미노산은 asparagine(4.34 mg/100 mL)이었으며, lysin>cystine>alanine>histidine>valine 순으로 그 함량이 높았다. 주 아미노산 유도체는 ammonium chloride로서 함량은 1.35 mg/100 mL이었으며, ornithine>r-amino-n-butyric acid>ethanolamine=sarcosin 순으로 함량이 높았다. Streptozotocin 유도 당뇨 흰쥐를 8주간 사육하면서 음료의 항당뇨 효과를 조사하였다. 체중은 당뇨유발군들(DM, DA, DB)의 체중이 당뇨를 유발하지 않은 군들(NC, NB)에 비해서 당뇨 유발 2주째부터 전 조사기간 동안 유의하게 낮았다. 실험식이 8주후의 증체량은 당뇨유발군들이 정상군들의 24% 내외였으며, DM군의 증체량이 DA군과 DB군의 증체량에 비해 다소 낮은 경향이었다. 식이섭취량은 당뇨유발군들이 정상군들에 비해 유의하게 높았으며, 당뇨유발군 내에서는 당뇨대조군(DM)에 비해 음료 경구투여군인 DA군과 DB군이 각각 4.6%와 2.4% 억제되는 경향이었다. 음용수섭취량은 당뇨유발군이 정상군보다 7배 정도 많았으며, 당뇨유발군 내에서는 DM군(70.09 mL/day/100 g BW)이 DA군(63.84 mL/day/100 g BW)이나 DB군(67.57 mL/day/100 g BW)보다 유의적으로 높았다. 식이효율은 정상군들보다 당뇨유발군들이 낮았으며, 당뇨유발군 내에서는 당뇨대조군(DM)에 비해 음료 경구투여군인 DA, DB군이 높은 경향이었다. 실험식이 8주후의 간과 신장의 중량비는 당뇨유발군들이 정상군들보다 유의적으로 높았으며, 당뇨유발군 내에서는 유의적 차이가 없었다. 혈당은 전 실험기간 동안 당뇨유발군들이 정상군들에 비해 3.3~4.2배 높았다. 당뇨유발군 내에서는 4주차부터 실험군 간 혈당의 차이가 생기기 시작하여 6주차에는 당뇨대조군(DM군)에 비해 당뇨 유발 후 음료 2배량 경구투여군(DB)의 혈당이 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 8주차에는 DM군에 비해 DA군과 DB군의 혈당이 각각 42.5%와 60.7% 감소하였다. 실험식이 8주후의 흰쥐 간 조직의 glutathione(GSH) 함량은 당뇨를 유발하지 않은 정상군들이 당뇨유발군들에 비해 4.0~20.6% 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 정상군 및 당뇨유발군 내에서도 음료 경구투여군(NB 5.02 μmole/g of tissue, DA 4.69 μmole/g of tissue, DB 4.69 μmole/g of tissue)의 GSH 함량이 음료를 투여하지 않은 군(NC 5.02 μmole/g of tissue, DM 4.28 μmole/g of tissue)에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 간 조직의 lipid peroxide(LPO) 함량은 정상군 내에서는 유의적 차이가 없었으며, DM군은 NC군의 LPO 함량에 비해 9.7% 증가하였고 당뇨 유발 후 음료를 경구투여 한 DA군과 DB군의 LPO 함량은 DM군의 LPO 함량에 비해 각각 6.9%와 11.3% 감소하였다. 흰쥐 혈청의 triglyceride 함량은 당뇨유발군(DM, DA, DB)이 정상군(NC, NB)에 비해 5.7~26.0% 높았다. 당뇨유발군 내에서는 음료 경구투여군인 DA, DB군의 triglyceride 함량이 음료를 투여하지 않은 DM군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 감소의 양상은 음료를 2배량 투여한 DB군이 13.8% 감소하여 더욱 뚜렷한 양상을 보였다. Total cholesterol 함량은 정상군 간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 당뇨유발군 내에서는 DM군(160.70 mg/dL)이 DA군(140.81 mg/dL)과 DB군(136.76 mg/dL)에 비해 현저히 높았다. HDL-cholesterol 함량은 정상군 내(NC 46.69 mg/dL, NB 47.29 mg/dL)에서는 차이가 없었다. 그러나 당뇨유발군 내에서는 DM군(43.67 mg/dL)이 가장 낮은 수준으로 DA군(44.27 mg/dL)과는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았으나, DB군(47.69 mg/dL)에 비해서는 유의적으로 낮은 수준이었다. LDL-cholesterol의 함량은 당뇨대조군(DM)이 가장 높았으며, 나머지 실험군들은 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 동맥경화지수는 음료 경구투여군인 DA군과 DB군이 음료를 투여하지 않은 DM군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다.
둥굴레, 어성초 및 구기자의 열수추출액으로 건강음료를 제조하기 위하여 반응표면분석법으로 제조조건을 최적화하였다. 그 결과 어성초 열수추출액 1.74%, 둥굴레 열수추출액 2.15% 및 구기자 열수추출액 0.19%가 음료 제조를 위한 최적 첨가비율로 예측되었다. 제조한 음료의 일반성분은 수분 99.58%, 조단백질 0.06%, 조지방 0.09%, 탄수화물 0.25% 및 조회분 0.02%였다. 음료의 pH는 4.551, 당도는 0.600 °Brix 및 산도는 0.024%였으며, 색도는 L*값 72.82, a*값 -0.74, b*값 10.63 이었다. 음료의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 3.61 mg/mL, 전자공여능은 23.78%, 환원력은 0.26 이었다. 음료의 주 유리아미노산은 asparagine(4.34 mg/100 mL)이었으며, lysin>cystine>alanine>histidine>valine 순으로 그 함량이 높았다. 주 아미노산 유도체는 ammonium chloride로서 함량은 1.35 mg/100 mL이었으며, ornithine>r-amino-n-butyric acid>ethanolamine=sarcosin 순으로 함량이 높았다. Streptozotocin 유도 당뇨 흰쥐를 8주간 사육하면서 음료의 항당뇨 효과를 조사하였다. 체중은 당뇨유발군들(DM, DA, DB)의 체중이 당뇨를 유발하지 않은 군들(NC, NB)에 비해서 당뇨 유발 2주째부터 전 조사기간 동안 유의하게 낮았다. 실험식이 8주후의 증체량은 당뇨유발군들이 정상군들의 24% 내외였으며, DM군의 증체량이 DA군과 DB군의 증체량에 비해 다소 낮은 경향이었다. 식이섭취량은 당뇨유발군들이 정상군들에 비해 유의하게 높았으며, 당뇨유발군 내에서는 당뇨대조군(DM)에 비해 음료 경구투여군인 DA군과 DB군이 각각 4.6%와 2.4% 억제되는 경향이었다. 음용수섭취량은 당뇨유발군이 정상군보다 7배 정도 많았으며, 당뇨유발군 내에서는 DM군(70.09 mL/day/100 g BW)이 DA군(63.84 mL/day/100 g BW)이나 DB군(67.57 mL/day/100 g BW)보다 유의적으로 높았다. 식이효율은 정상군들보다 당뇨유발군들이 낮았으며, 당뇨유발군 내에서는 당뇨대조군(DM)에 비해 음료 경구투여군인 DA, DB군이 높은 경향이었다. 실험식이 8주후의 간과 신장의 중량비는 당뇨유발군들이 정상군들보다 유의적으로 높았으며, 당뇨유발군 내에서는 유의적 차이가 없었다. 혈당은 전 실험기간 동안 당뇨유발군들이 정상군들에 비해 3.3~4.2배 높았다. 당뇨유발군 내에서는 4주차부터 실험군 간 혈당의 차이가 생기기 시작하여 6주차에는 당뇨대조군(DM군)에 비해 당뇨 유발 후 음료 2배량 경구투여군(DB)의 혈당이 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 8주차에는 DM군에 비해 DA군과 DB군의 혈당이 각각 42.5%와 60.7% 감소하였다. 실험식이 8주후의 흰쥐 간 조직의 glutathione(GSH) 함량은 당뇨를 유발하지 않은 정상군들이 당뇨유발군들에 비해 4.0~20.6% 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 정상군 및 당뇨유발군 내에서도 음료 경구투여군(NB 5.02 μmole/g of tissue, DA 4.69 μmole/g of tissue, DB 4.69 μmole/g of tissue)의 GSH 함량이 음료를 투여하지 않은 군(NC 5.02 μmole/g of tissue, DM 4.28 μmole/g of tissue)에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 간 조직의 lipid peroxide(LPO) 함량은 정상군 내에서는 유의적 차이가 없었으며, DM군은 NC군의 LPO 함량에 비해 9.7% 증가하였고 당뇨 유발 후 음료를 경구투여 한 DA군과 DB군의 LPO 함량은 DM군의 LPO 함량에 비해 각각 6.9%와 11.3% 감소하였다. 흰쥐 혈청의 triglyceride 함량은 당뇨유발군(DM, DA, DB)이 정상군(NC, NB)에 비해 5.7~26.0% 높았다. 당뇨유발군 내에서는 음료 경구투여군인 DA, DB군의 triglyceride 함량이 음료를 투여하지 않은 DM군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 감소의 양상은 음료를 2배량 투여한 DB군이 13.8% 감소하여 더욱 뚜렷한 양상을 보였다. Total cholesterol 함량은 정상군 간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 당뇨유발군 내에서는 DM군(160.70 mg/dL)이 DA군(140.81 mg/dL)과 DB군(136.76 mg/dL)에 비해 현저히 높았다. HDL-cholesterol 함량은 정상군 내(NC 46.69 mg/dL, NB 47.29 mg/dL)에서는 차이가 없었다. 그러나 당뇨유발군 내에서는 DM군(43.67 mg/dL)이 가장 낮은 수준으로 DA군(44.27 mg/dL)과는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았으나, DB군(47.69 mg/dL)에 비해서는 유의적으로 낮은 수준이었다. LDL-cholesterol의 함량은 당뇨대조군(DM)이 가장 높았으며, 나머지 실험군들은 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 동맥경화지수는 음료 경구투여군인 DA군과 DB군이 음료를 투여하지 않은 DM군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다.
The process of manufacturing healthy beverage using hot-water extracts of Houttuynia cordata, Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum, and Lycium chinensis Miller was statistically optimized by introducing response surface methodology. The best optimized combination was determined as 1.74% of Houttuyn...
The process of manufacturing healthy beverage using hot-water extracts of Houttuynia cordata, Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum, and Lycium chinensis Miller was statistically optimized by introducing response surface methodology. The best optimized combination was determined as 1.74% of Houttuynia cordata, 2.15% of Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum, and 0.19% of Lycium chinensis Miller extract. The nutritional composition of the beverage manufactured at optimized conditions was moisture 99.58%, crude protein 0.06%, crude lipid 009%, carbohydrate 0.25%, and crude ash 0.02%. The pH and total acidity were 4.551 and 0.024%, respectively. The soluble solids were 0.600 °Brix. The color value was 72.82 of L* value, - 0.74 of a* value, and 10.63 of b* value. The content of total polyphenol, electronic donation activity, and reducing power were 3.61 mg/L, 23.78%, and 0.26, respectively. The major free-amino acid was asparagine (4.34 mg/mL), and lysin>cystine>alanine>histidine>valine in order was decreased. The major derivatives of amino acid was ammonium chloride (1.35 mg/mL) and ornithine>r-amino-n-butyric acid>ethanolamine=sarcosin in order was decreased. The effect of beverages on the suppression of diabetes mellitus was evaluated by raising white diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ) for 8 weeks. The rats were grouped with normal control group administered with 0.5 mL di-distilled water(DDW)/100 g body weight (NC), normal beverage group administered with 0.5 mL beverage/100 g body weight (NB), diabetes induction group administered with 0.5 mL DDW/100 g body weight (DM), diabetes induction group administered with 0.5 mL beverage/100 g body weight (DA), and diabetes induction group administered with 0.5 mL concentrated beverage (1/2)/100 g body weight (DB). Two weeks after raising, the weight of white diabetes rats (DM, DA, and DB) became significantly lower than that of white non-diabetes rats (NC and NB). The weight gain of DM, DA, and DB after 8 weeks was about 24%, compared to that of NC and NB. The weight gain of DM was slightly lower than DA and DB. The amount of feed intakes in the diabetes induction group was increased feasibly, compared to normal groups. Among the normal groups, the amount of feed intakes was not different, while among the diabetes induction group became different after 8 weeks. In groups of the diabetes induction group, the amount of feed intakes of DA and DB was suppressed to 4.6 and 2.4%, respectively, compared to DM. The amount of water intakes of the diabetes induction group was seven times higher than normal groups. In groups of the diabetes induction group, the amount of ware intakes of DM (70.09 mL/day/100 g BW) was significantly higher than that of DA (63.84 mL/day/100 g BW) and DB (67.57 mL/day/100 g BW). The feed efficiency ratio (FER) of the diabetes induction group was lower than normal groups. In groups of the diabetes induction group, the FER of DA and DB was higher than DM. After 8 weeks, weight ratio of liver and kidney in the diabetes induction group was higher than normal groups. In the diabetes induction group, the level of blood glucose was 3.3-4.4 times higher than that in normal groups. As experimental time have passed, the level of blood glucose in the diabetes induction group became lower after 4 week, after 6 week DB was significantly decreased, and after 8 week DA and DB was decreased to 42.5% and 60.7%, respectively, compared to DM. After 8 weeks, the amount of glutathione (GSH) in the liver tissue of normal groups was 4.0-20.6% higher than in the liver tissue of diabetes induction group. The GSH amount of NB (5.02 μmole/g of tissue), DA (4.69 μmole/g of tissue), and DB (4.69 μmole/g of tissue) was significantly higher than NC (5.02 μmole/g of tissue) and DM (4.28 μmole/g of tissue). The amount of lipid peroxide (LPO) in liver tissue in normal groups was not different. The DM was increased to 9.7% in compared with NC. DA and DB was decreased to 6.9% and 11.3%, respectively, compared with DM. The amount of triglyceride of DM, DA, and DB was 5.7% to 26.0% higher than NC and NB, respectively. In diabetes induction group, the amount of triglyceride of DA and DB was decreased significantly in comparison with DM. In DB group, the amount of triglyceride was notably decreased to 13.8%. The total cholesterol was not significantly different in the normal groups. In diabetes induction group, DM (160.70 mg/dL) was noticeably higher than DA (140.81 mg/dL) and DB (136.76 mg/dL). The amount of HDL-cholesterol was not different in the normal groups, NC (46.69 mg/dL) and NB (47.29 mg/dL). In the diabetes induction group, DM (43.67 mg/dL) was similar to DA (44.27 mg/dL), however was significantly lower than DB (47.69 mg/dL). In the amount of LDL-cholesterol, diabetes-induced DM group was the highest. The amount of LDL-cholesterol among other experimental groups was similar. The atherosclerotic index in DA and DB was significantly decreased, compared with DM.
The process of manufacturing healthy beverage using hot-water extracts of Houttuynia cordata, Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum, and Lycium chinensis Miller was statistically optimized by introducing response surface methodology. The best optimized combination was determined as 1.74% of Houttuynia cordata, 2.15% of Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum, and 0.19% of Lycium chinensis Miller extract. The nutritional composition of the beverage manufactured at optimized conditions was moisture 99.58%, crude protein 0.06%, crude lipid 009%, carbohydrate 0.25%, and crude ash 0.02%. The pH and total acidity were 4.551 and 0.024%, respectively. The soluble solids were 0.600 °Brix. The color value was 72.82 of L* value, - 0.74 of a* value, and 10.63 of b* value. The content of total polyphenol, electronic donation activity, and reducing power were 3.61 mg/L, 23.78%, and 0.26, respectively. The major free-amino acid was asparagine (4.34 mg/mL), and lysin>cystine>alanine>histidine>valine in order was decreased. The major derivatives of amino acid was ammonium chloride (1.35 mg/mL) and ornithine>r-amino-n-butyric acid>ethanolamine=sarcosin in order was decreased. The effect of beverages on the suppression of diabetes mellitus was evaluated by raising white diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ) for 8 weeks. The rats were grouped with normal control group administered with 0.5 mL di-distilled water(DDW)/100 g body weight (NC), normal beverage group administered with 0.5 mL beverage/100 g body weight (NB), diabetes induction group administered with 0.5 mL DDW/100 g body weight (DM), diabetes induction group administered with 0.5 mL beverage/100 g body weight (DA), and diabetes induction group administered with 0.5 mL concentrated beverage (1/2)/100 g body weight (DB). Two weeks after raising, the weight of white diabetes rats (DM, DA, and DB) became significantly lower than that of white non-diabetes rats (NC and NB). The weight gain of DM, DA, and DB after 8 weeks was about 24%, compared to that of NC and NB. The weight gain of DM was slightly lower than DA and DB. The amount of feed intakes in the diabetes induction group was increased feasibly, compared to normal groups. Among the normal groups, the amount of feed intakes was not different, while among the diabetes induction group became different after 8 weeks. In groups of the diabetes induction group, the amount of feed intakes of DA and DB was suppressed to 4.6 and 2.4%, respectively, compared to DM. The amount of water intakes of the diabetes induction group was seven times higher than normal groups. In groups of the diabetes induction group, the amount of ware intakes of DM (70.09 mL/day/100 g BW) was significantly higher than that of DA (63.84 mL/day/100 g BW) and DB (67.57 mL/day/100 g BW). The feed efficiency ratio (FER) of the diabetes induction group was lower than normal groups. In groups of the diabetes induction group, the FER of DA and DB was higher than DM. After 8 weeks, weight ratio of liver and kidney in the diabetes induction group was higher than normal groups. In the diabetes induction group, the level of blood glucose was 3.3-4.4 times higher than that in normal groups. As experimental time have passed, the level of blood glucose in the diabetes induction group became lower after 4 week, after 6 week DB was significantly decreased, and after 8 week DA and DB was decreased to 42.5% and 60.7%, respectively, compared to DM. After 8 weeks, the amount of glutathione (GSH) in the liver tissue of normal groups was 4.0-20.6% higher than in the liver tissue of diabetes induction group. The GSH amount of NB (5.02 μmole/g of tissue), DA (4.69 μmole/g of tissue), and DB (4.69 μmole/g of tissue) was significantly higher than NC (5.02 μmole/g of tissue) and DM (4.28 μmole/g of tissue). The amount of lipid peroxide (LPO) in liver tissue in normal groups was not different. The DM was increased to 9.7% in compared with NC. DA and DB was decreased to 6.9% and 11.3%, respectively, compared with DM. The amount of triglyceride of DM, DA, and DB was 5.7% to 26.0% higher than NC and NB, respectively. In diabetes induction group, the amount of triglyceride of DA and DB was decreased significantly in comparison with DM. In DB group, the amount of triglyceride was notably decreased to 13.8%. The total cholesterol was not significantly different in the normal groups. In diabetes induction group, DM (160.70 mg/dL) was noticeably higher than DA (140.81 mg/dL) and DB (136.76 mg/dL). The amount of HDL-cholesterol was not different in the normal groups, NC (46.69 mg/dL) and NB (47.29 mg/dL). In the diabetes induction group, DM (43.67 mg/dL) was similar to DA (44.27 mg/dL), however was significantly lower than DB (47.69 mg/dL). In the amount of LDL-cholesterol, diabetes-induced DM group was the highest. The amount of LDL-cholesterol among other experimental groups was similar. The atherosclerotic index in DA and DB was significantly decreased, compared with DM.
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