Doctoral Dissertation
A Phenomenological Study on Experiences of an Adult Encounter Group Counseling
Lee, Hyeong-Mi
Department of Education
Graduate School
Kyungsung University
Advisor : Cheon, Seong-Moon
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to comprehend fully the experiences of adu...
Doctoral Dissertation
A Phenomenological Study on Experiences of an Adult Encounter Group Counseling
Lee, Hyeong-Mi
Department of Education
Graduate School
Kyungsung University
Advisor : Cheon, Seong-Moon
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to comprehend fully the experiences of adult participants in an encounter group counseling by finding out what their experiences were and examining the essence of the experiences. The research questions are as follows :"What is the experience an adult participant gains through an encounter group counseling?" and "What is the essential structure of an adult encounter group counseling experience?" These research questions were examined based on the phenomenological research method introduced by Giorgi.
From a thorough investigation on the participants' experiences, 56 meaning units were derived. Based on them 21 sub-constituents and 6 constituents were constructed. The constituents included: 'Expecting of a reality and a group', 'Building up trust', 'Forming cohesiveness', 'Meeting oneself deeply', 'Self-growth' and 'Internalizing into a life'. After all, the experiences in an encounter group counseling resulted from inconveniences of a daily life, through group counseling such inconveniences came to attenuate and changes in daily life were believed to emerge at the end of the group counseling. That is, the previous daily life became different after participating in the encounter group. That's because though each one's circumstances were being repeated similar to others', a new order was formed by changing one's perception, emotion, expression and behavior responding to the circumstances. General orientation in life -living a one's own genuine life- as an essence that made this change possible was developed into growth needs.
The findings of this study were as follows. First, the encounter group counseling helped to understand oneself and enhance interrelationship and communication skills with each other rather than to treat pathologically serious problems, in that it was conducted on a group, not an individual. Second, quantitative researches have been done to verify effectiveness of a group counseling but qualitative studies as a process research are scarce. Especially, As shown in this group counseling, the group leader was a major factor in the outcome of a group counseling, so that multifaceted attempts should be made to explore more in-depth studies on the factors. Third, the experiences of a group were functioning fully as a microcosm of a society and perceived as a meaningful process, showing frequent and various interactions with each other. And this raises awareness and insight and leads individuals to changes. Fourth, understanding human beings could be expanded into understanding others in case of understanding oneself fully. In addition, understanding of human beings would be realized when beyond the superficial remarks and behaviors of an individual, his or her own life was associated with understanding of the individual life and the social and cultural contexts. Last, the significant factors that made experiences meaningful were revealed to be trust and orientation. Experiences could get activated in circumstances built on trust and contribute to expanding oneself. Otherwise, little effectiveness would be shown and the orientation would also depend on the level of individual eagerness.
Therefore, this study is thought to examine the essence of experiences beyond what participants appear to be in an encounter group counseling using a phenomenological research method with qualitative researches on a group counseling being scarce so far. As a result, this study is meaningful in contributing to further in-depth understanding of human beings and supplying concrete data to enhance the effect of a group counseling for participants and group leaders when they conduct a group counseling later.
Finally, the limitations of this study and implications for future study were suggested.
Keywords: an encounter group counseling, a phenomenological research, the essence of experiences, understanding of human beings
Doctoral Dissertation
A Phenomenological Study on Experiences of an Adult Encounter Group Counseling
Lee, Hyeong-Mi
Department of Education
Graduate School
Kyungsung University
Advisor : Cheon, Seong-Moon
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to comprehend fully the experiences of adult participants in an encounter group counseling by finding out what their experiences were and examining the essence of the experiences. The research questions are as follows :"What is the experience an adult participant gains through an encounter group counseling?" and "What is the essential structure of an adult encounter group counseling experience?" These research questions were examined based on the phenomenological research method introduced by Giorgi.
From a thorough investigation on the participants' experiences, 56 meaning units were derived. Based on them 21 sub-constituents and 6 constituents were constructed. The constituents included: 'Expecting of a reality and a group', 'Building up trust', 'Forming cohesiveness', 'Meeting oneself deeply', 'Self-growth' and 'Internalizing into a life'. After all, the experiences in an encounter group counseling resulted from inconveniences of a daily life, through group counseling such inconveniences came to attenuate and changes in daily life were believed to emerge at the end of the group counseling. That is, the previous daily life became different after participating in the encounter group. That's because though each one's circumstances were being repeated similar to others', a new order was formed by changing one's perception, emotion, expression and behavior responding to the circumstances. General orientation in life -living a one's own genuine life- as an essence that made this change possible was developed into growth needs.
The findings of this study were as follows. First, the encounter group counseling helped to understand oneself and enhance interrelationship and communication skills with each other rather than to treat pathologically serious problems, in that it was conducted on a group, not an individual. Second, quantitative researches have been done to verify effectiveness of a group counseling but qualitative studies as a process research are scarce. Especially, As shown in this group counseling, the group leader was a major factor in the outcome of a group counseling, so that multifaceted attempts should be made to explore more in-depth studies on the factors. Third, the experiences of a group were functioning fully as a microcosm of a society and perceived as a meaningful process, showing frequent and various interactions with each other. And this raises awareness and insight and leads individuals to changes. Fourth, understanding human beings could be expanded into understanding others in case of understanding oneself fully. In addition, understanding of human beings would be realized when beyond the superficial remarks and behaviors of an individual, his or her own life was associated with understanding of the individual life and the social and cultural contexts. Last, the significant factors that made experiences meaningful were revealed to be trust and orientation. Experiences could get activated in circumstances built on trust and contribute to expanding oneself. Otherwise, little effectiveness would be shown and the orientation would also depend on the level of individual eagerness.
Therefore, this study is thought to examine the essence of experiences beyond what participants appear to be in an encounter group counseling using a phenomenological research method with qualitative researches on a group counseling being scarce so far. As a result, this study is meaningful in contributing to further in-depth understanding of human beings and supplying concrete data to enhance the effect of a group counseling for participants and group leaders when they conduct a group counseling later.
Finally, the limitations of this study and implications for future study were suggested.
Keywords: an encounter group counseling, a phenomenological research, the essence of experiences, understanding of human beings
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