Recently, various petroleum alternative fuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol etc. are being used for the energy security by mixing with petroleum to reduce greenhouse gas emission. Activation policy has been taken globally like the obligation supply law(Renewable Fuel Standard(RFS) in US) etc.. Du...
Recently, various petroleum alternative fuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol etc. are being used for the energy security by mixing with petroleum to reduce greenhouse gas emission. Activation policy has been taken globally like the obligation supply law(Renewable Fuel Standard(RFS) in US) etc.. Due to this, the mixing ratio of biofuels is increasing, and various problems have arisen such as the problems of low temperature property and oxidation stability by biodiesel and the problems of vapor pressure and metal corrosion by bioethanol. Thus, the way to control the quality of petroleum and alternative fuels was found by duplicating the real storage situation of petroleum and alternative fuels and evaluating the effect of oxidation trend and quality degradation. It was also found that evaluated compatibility of ester(butyrate) fuel suggested it as a new alternative fuel by testing influence of metal and elastomer materials in comparison with gasoline and bioethanol blended fuel. The results are shown as below. From the results of oxidation degradation test of diesel and biodiesel blended fuels, no special quality degradation has been observed through the evaporation for 18 weeks in a summer season under a storage circumstance without exposure to the sun light. However, the severe quality degradation was observed in PE vessel in only 2 weeks of storage. This oxidation degradation was also verified with FT-IR spectrum change. However, the quality specifications were satisfied despite the drastic oxidation degradation. In other words, the special symptom can not be distinguished by taking quality test of severe oxidation degradation fuel. Thus, the problem in a vehicle could be occurred by materials under oxidation even though it satisfied the quality specification. From the results of oxidation degradation test on gasoline and bioethanol blended fuels, when the fuels are stored in PE vessel without the sun light, the octane number was observed below the specification limit by evaporation through the cap and surface of PE vessel. Especially, when the samples were exposed to the sun light, the octane number and evaporation pressure were drastically decreased by oxidation, evaporation of low boiling point components, and gum formation in only two weeks. Bioethanol blended fuel showed the same result as gasoline without any special symptom of oxidation by ethanol blending. In this study, the inspection method of quality change and the way of quality control from oxidation degradation were suggested. From the test results of metal corrosion in gasoline(MTBE10), bioethanol blended fuel(E10), and ester biofuel(MB10, EB10), it was observed that the color of copper(Cu) specimen was changed to red in order of E10 > MB10 > EB10 > MTBE10; and that aluminum(Al) specimen showed the severe corrosion producing white powders on the surface and bubbles(H2) in the hole of the trace with the loss of weight about 0.0053~0.0091g. Nothing unusual phenomenon has been detected in other meals(Fe, Zn). From the results of elastomer degradation in testing of fuels, NBR was changed a little in its length, weight and tensile strength, but the sulfur content eluted from elastomer of immersed fuels increased in order of E10 > MB10 > EB10 > MTBE10. More changes of physical properties(length, weight and tensile strength) appeared in HNBR than in NBR in order of E10 > MB10 > EB10 > MTBE10. But the sulfur content of all samples were lower than that of NBR. The reason why the change of physical property is higher in E10 is that it is easier to penetrate inside elastomer due to its smallest molecular size and highest polar material. For FKM, the high decrease of physical property was observed in ester(butyrate) fuels(MB10, EB10) in order of MB10 > EB10 > E10 > MTBE10. The reason for this is that FKM is easily affected by a polar solvent as ester is.
Recently, various petroleum alternative fuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol etc. are being used for the energy security by mixing with petroleum to reduce greenhouse gas emission. Activation policy has been taken globally like the obligation supply law(Renewable Fuel Standard(RFS) in US) etc.. Due to this, the mixing ratio of biofuels is increasing, and various problems have arisen such as the problems of low temperature property and oxidation stability by biodiesel and the problems of vapor pressure and metal corrosion by bioethanol. Thus, the way to control the quality of petroleum and alternative fuels was found by duplicating the real storage situation of petroleum and alternative fuels and evaluating the effect of oxidation trend and quality degradation. It was also found that evaluated compatibility of ester(butyrate) fuel suggested it as a new alternative fuel by testing influence of metal and elastomer materials in comparison with gasoline and bioethanol blended fuel. The results are shown as below. From the results of oxidation degradation test of diesel and biodiesel blended fuels, no special quality degradation has been observed through the evaporation for 18 weeks in a summer season under a storage circumstance without exposure to the sun light. However, the severe quality degradation was observed in PE vessel in only 2 weeks of storage. This oxidation degradation was also verified with FT-IR spectrum change. However, the quality specifications were satisfied despite the drastic oxidation degradation. In other words, the special symptom can not be distinguished by taking quality test of severe oxidation degradation fuel. Thus, the problem in a vehicle could be occurred by materials under oxidation even though it satisfied the quality specification. From the results of oxidation degradation test on gasoline and bioethanol blended fuels, when the fuels are stored in PE vessel without the sun light, the octane number was observed below the specification limit by evaporation through the cap and surface of PE vessel. Especially, when the samples were exposed to the sun light, the octane number and evaporation pressure were drastically decreased by oxidation, evaporation of low boiling point components, and gum formation in only two weeks. Bioethanol blended fuel showed the same result as gasoline without any special symptom of oxidation by ethanol blending. In this study, the inspection method of quality change and the way of quality control from oxidation degradation were suggested. From the test results of metal corrosion in gasoline(MTBE10), bioethanol blended fuel(E10), and ester biofuel(MB10, EB10), it was observed that the color of copper(Cu) specimen was changed to red in order of E10 > MB10 > EB10 > MTBE10; and that aluminum(Al) specimen showed the severe corrosion producing white powders on the surface and bubbles(H2) in the hole of the trace with the loss of weight about 0.0053~0.0091g. Nothing unusual phenomenon has been detected in other meals(Fe, Zn). From the results of elastomer degradation in testing of fuels, NBR was changed a little in its length, weight and tensile strength, but the sulfur content eluted from elastomer of immersed fuels increased in order of E10 > MB10 > EB10 > MTBE10. More changes of physical properties(length, weight and tensile strength) appeared in HNBR than in NBR in order of E10 > MB10 > EB10 > MTBE10. But the sulfur content of all samples were lower than that of NBR. The reason why the change of physical property is higher in E10 is that it is easier to penetrate inside elastomer due to its smallest molecular size and highest polar material. For FKM, the high decrease of physical property was observed in ester(butyrate) fuels(MB10, EB10) in order of MB10 > EB10 > E10 > MTBE10. The reason for this is that FKM is easily affected by a polar solvent as ester is.
주제어
#Diesel Gasoline Biodiesel Bioethanol Butyrate Oxidation stability cetane number Acid value Kinematic viscosity Density Octane number Vapor pressure Gum Corrosion Swelling Tensile Strength GC FT-IR
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