This study aimed to investigate the effects of an exercise program developed for old-old aged women using a senior citizen hall on the basis of Pender's health promotion model.
A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. A total of 40 elderly women using a senior citizen ha...
This study aimed to investigate the effects of an exercise program developed for old-old aged women using a senior citizen hall on the basis of Pender's health promotion model.
A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. A total of 40 elderly women using a senior citizen hall participated in the study, and they were divided the experimental group (20) and the control group (20).
Data were collected from July 23 to October 20, 2015. The exercise program developed in this study was conducted three times per week over 12 consecutive weeks for 60 minutes per day.
The exercise program combines flexibility exercise, rhythmic aerobic exercise and muscle strength exercise with the goal of improving perceived benefits and barriers to exercise, exercise self-efficacy and exercise social support.
Data were collected from pre-program and post-program assessments. In the pre-program assessment, participants' general characteristics, perceived benefit and barriers to exercise, exercise self-efficacy, exercise social support, exercise behavior and physical fitness were assessed, and only program-related factors were assessed after the exercise programs.
Data were analyzed using a t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test with SPSS/WIN 18.0.
The results of this study are as follows:
1) Hypothesis 1: The experimental and control groups perceive exercise behavior-related factors differently. This hypothesis was rejected because there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups with respect to the perceived benefits of exercise (U=-0.69, p=.493). However, there were significant differences between the two groups in perceived barriers to exercise (U=-4.82, p<.001) and exercise self-efficacy (U=-4.38, p<.001). Thus hypothesis 1 was partially accepted in the experiment.
2) Hypothesis 2: The experiment and control groups perceive different levels of exercise social support. This hypothesis was accepted because the experiment group showed a significantly higher score for exercise social support than the control group (U=-5.46, p<.001).
3) Hypothesis 3: The experiment and control groups have different levels of exercise behavior. This hypothesis was accepted because the experiment group showed a significantly higher score for exercise behavior than the control group (U=-5.44, p<.001).
4) Hypothesis 4: The experiment and control groups have different levels of physical fitness. This hypothesis was accepted because the experiment group showed significantly higher scores for the right hand grip (t=2.75, p=.009), the left hand grip (U=-2.59, p=.009), the right upper body flexibility (U=-3.02, p=.002), the left upper body flexibility (U=-2.08, p=.038), the lower limb flexibility (t=3.95, p=.001).
5) Hypothesis 5: The experiment and control groups have different levels of perceived health status. This hypothesis was accepted as the experiment group showed a significantly higher score for perceived health status than the control group (t=3.29, p=.002).
6) Hypothesis 6: The experiment and control groups have different levels of depression. This hypothesis was accepted because the experiment group showed a significantly lower score for depression than the control group (U=-4.87, p<.001).
In conclusion, the exercise program intervention turned out to be effective in reinforcing exercise behavior as it help increase exercise self-efficacy and exercise social support but reduce barriers to exercise in old-old aged women using a senior citizen hall. As a result, they showed improvement in physical fitness and perceived health status and a decrease in depression. Therefore, this study proposes the use of the exercise program for old-old aged women using senior citizen halls.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of an exercise program developed for old-old aged women using a senior citizen hall on the basis of Pender's health promotion model.
A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. A total of 40 elderly women using a senior citizen hall participated in the study, and they were divided the experimental group (20) and the control group (20).
Data were collected from July 23 to October 20, 2015. The exercise program developed in this study was conducted three times per week over 12 consecutive weeks for 60 minutes per day.
The exercise program combines flexibility exercise, rhythmic aerobic exercise and muscle strength exercise with the goal of improving perceived benefits and barriers to exercise, exercise self-efficacy and exercise social support.
Data were collected from pre-program and post-program assessments. In the pre-program assessment, participants' general characteristics, perceived benefit and barriers to exercise, exercise self-efficacy, exercise social support, exercise behavior and physical fitness were assessed, and only program-related factors were assessed after the exercise programs.
Data were analyzed using a t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test with SPSS/WIN 18.0.
The results of this study are as follows:
1) Hypothesis 1: The experimental and control groups perceive exercise behavior-related factors differently. This hypothesis was rejected because there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups with respect to the perceived benefits of exercise (U=-0.69, p=.493). However, there were significant differences between the two groups in perceived barriers to exercise (U=-4.82, p<.001) and exercise self-efficacy (U=-4.38, p<.001). Thus hypothesis 1 was partially accepted in the experiment.
2) Hypothesis 2: The experiment and control groups perceive different levels of exercise social support. This hypothesis was accepted because the experiment group showed a significantly higher score for exercise social support than the control group (U=-5.46, p<.001).
3) Hypothesis 3: The experiment and control groups have different levels of exercise behavior. This hypothesis was accepted because the experiment group showed a significantly higher score for exercise behavior than the control group (U=-5.44, p<.001).
4) Hypothesis 4: The experiment and control groups have different levels of physical fitness. This hypothesis was accepted because the experiment group showed significantly higher scores for the right hand grip (t=2.75, p=.009), the left hand grip (U=-2.59, p=.009), the right upper body flexibility (U=-3.02, p=.002), the left upper body flexibility (U=-2.08, p=.038), the lower limb flexibility (t=3.95, p=.001).
5) Hypothesis 5: The experiment and control groups have different levels of perceived health status. This hypothesis was accepted as the experiment group showed a significantly higher score for perceived health status than the control group (t=3.29, p=.002).
6) Hypothesis 6: The experiment and control groups have different levels of depression. This hypothesis was accepted because the experiment group showed a significantly lower score for depression than the control group (U=-4.87, p<.001).
In conclusion, the exercise program intervention turned out to be effective in reinforcing exercise behavior as it help increase exercise self-efficacy and exercise social support but reduce barriers to exercise in old-old aged women using a senior citizen hall. As a result, they showed improvement in physical fitness and perceived health status and a decrease in depression. Therefore, this study proposes the use of the exercise program for old-old aged women using senior citizen halls.
주제어
#Pender’s Health Promotion Model
#Exercise program
#Physical Fitness
#Perceived Health Status
#Depression
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