Colorants are classified as natural colorants and artificial colorants, representative artificial synthetic colorants are tar colorants. The tar colorants are extracted from coal tar and its intermediate product or mixture of pigments, lake, salt and diluent. It is widely used mainly in foods, pharm...
Colorants are classified as natural colorants and artificial colorants, representative artificial synthetic colorants are tar colorants. The tar colorants are extracted from coal tar and its intermediate product or mixture of pigments, lake, salt and diluent. It is widely used mainly in foods, pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, cosmetics and medical to increase the apeal of the products, distinguish among similar products, protect products against light etc. Although the tar colorants are small quantities in products, it is widely used in our life and absorbed into the human body by various exposure routes. Some tar colorants have been reported to have toxocity, possibly causing such hazardous effects as liver and gastrointestinal disorders, urticaria, allergic reaction, asthma, DNA damage, hyperactivity, tumor, carcinogenicity while others often show a absence or lack of basic data and toxicity studies. When it comes to cosmetics, different type and regulations of colorants among different countries sometimes it cause dispute. The safety issue of tar colorants are continuously occuring even if the permissible tar colorants in Korea.
In this study, test substances have been selected Blue 1, Acid Violet 43 and Acid Yellow 1 that are available for cosmetic tar colorants in Korea. HC Yellow No.2 is not available in korea but available in Europe with lack of toxicity information. In this study in vitro cytotoxicity MTT assay and in vivo Fixed Dose Procedure(OECD TG420) have been investigated.
MTT assay has been performed using 3T3, HS68 and HaCat cells and measured cell viability. The MTT assay results have been shown decrease in viability of dose-dependent cells all colorants. In the order of 3T3, HS68 and HaCat cells, IC50 value of Blue 1 was 3.3mM, 36.0mM, 23.7mM and Acid Violet 43 was 0.32mM, 0.85mM, 0.85mM and HC Yellow 1 was 18.1mM, 41.6mM, 20.7mM and HC Yellow No.2 was 7.9mM, 6.4mM, 3.4mM. HS68, HaCat cells IC50 values of HC Yellow No.2 were higher than 3T3 cell IC50 value.
The in vivo test have been performed according to OECD TG 420. The ‘Fixed Dose Procedure’ OECD TG420, a single does toxicity study, using SD rat. No significant weight changes have been shown in 300mg/kg and 2000mg/kg group. The results of absolute, relative organ weights have been shown significant increase in lung of Acid Yellow 1 and HC Yellow No.2 2000mg/kg group. The result of hematological values have been shown significant decrease in MPV value of Acid Yellow 1 2000mg/kg group. No toxicity have been observed after administring to 300mg/kg group all tar colorants and the same results have been shown after administring to 2000mg/kg. Based on these results, four tar colorants have been corresponded to Globally Harmonised Classification System for Chemical Substances and Mixtures (GHS) 5 Category. Significant changes of organ weights and blood test have been shown in Acid Yellow 1 and HC Yellow No.2 group. Therefore, Acid Yellow 1 and HC Yellow No.2 may have toxic effects, so additional toxicity studies and continuous management on the safety of tar colorants for cosmetics used in Korea and other countries are needed.
Colorants are classified as natural colorants and artificial colorants, representative artificial synthetic colorants are tar colorants. The tar colorants are extracted from coal tar and its intermediate product or mixture of pigments, lake, salt and diluent. It is widely used mainly in foods, pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, cosmetics and medical to increase the apeal of the products, distinguish among similar products, protect products against light etc. Although the tar colorants are small quantities in products, it is widely used in our life and absorbed into the human body by various exposure routes. Some tar colorants have been reported to have toxocity, possibly causing such hazardous effects as liver and gastrointestinal disorders, urticaria, allergic reaction, asthma, DNA damage, hyperactivity, tumor, carcinogenicity while others often show a absence or lack of basic data and toxicity studies. When it comes to cosmetics, different type and regulations of colorants among different countries sometimes it cause dispute. The safety issue of tar colorants are continuously occuring even if the permissible tar colorants in Korea.
In this study, test substances have been selected Blue 1, Acid Violet 43 and Acid Yellow 1 that are available for cosmetic tar colorants in Korea. HC Yellow No.2 is not available in korea but available in Europe with lack of toxicity information. In this study in vitro cytotoxicity MTT assay and in vivo Fixed Dose Procedure(OECD TG420) have been investigated.
MTT assay has been performed using 3T3, HS68 and HaCat cells and measured cell viability. The MTT assay results have been shown decrease in viability of dose-dependent cells all colorants. In the order of 3T3, HS68 and HaCat cells, IC50 value of Blue 1 was 3.3mM, 36.0mM, 23.7mM and Acid Violet 43 was 0.32mM, 0.85mM, 0.85mM and HC Yellow 1 was 18.1mM, 41.6mM, 20.7mM and HC Yellow No.2 was 7.9mM, 6.4mM, 3.4mM. HS68, HaCat cells IC50 values of HC Yellow No.2 were higher than 3T3 cell IC50 value.
The in vivo test have been performed according to OECD TG 420. The ‘Fixed Dose Procedure’ OECD TG420, a single does toxicity study, using SD rat. No significant weight changes have been shown in 300mg/kg and 2000mg/kg group. The results of absolute, relative organ weights have been shown significant increase in lung of Acid Yellow 1 and HC Yellow No.2 2000mg/kg group. The result of hematological values have been shown significant decrease in MPV value of Acid Yellow 1 2000mg/kg group. No toxicity have been observed after administring to 300mg/kg group all tar colorants and the same results have been shown after administring to 2000mg/kg. Based on these results, four tar colorants have been corresponded to Globally Harmonised Classification System for Chemical Substances and Mixtures (GHS) 5 Category. Significant changes of organ weights and blood test have been shown in Acid Yellow 1 and HC Yellow No.2 group. Therefore, Acid Yellow 1 and HC Yellow No.2 may have toxic effects, so additional toxicity studies and continuous management on the safety of tar colorants for cosmetics used in Korea and other countries are needed.
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#Tar colorants Cytotoxicity MTT assay OECD TG420 Cosmetics
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