Chronic neck pain (CNP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder. People with CNP commonly have smaller craniovertebral angle (CVA), cross-sectional area (CSA) of the longus colli muscle (LCM), and craniocervical flexion (CCF) range of motion (ROM) than healthy people. People with CNP show increased ste...
Chronic neck pain (CNP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder. People with CNP commonly have smaller craniovertebral angle (CVA), cross-sectional area (CSA) of the longus colli muscle (LCM), and craniocervical flexion (CCF) range of motion (ROM) than healthy people. People with CNP show increased sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) activities than LCM activities during the CCF test. Traditional CCF exercise using a pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) under the upper cervical region has been used to improve coordination function of the cervical muscles and reduce CNP. In this study, one more PBU was added at the lower cervical region (C5-C7) to performing accurate CCF movement by self-monitoring, which restricts compensated cervical retraction at the lower cervical region. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the changes in pre- and post-test values (CVA, CCF ROM, LCM CSA, SCM activities, visual analogue scale [VAS] scores, and Neck Disability Index [NDI] scores) and compare the post-test values between a traditional CCF exercise group and a dual-PBU CCF exercise group.
Twenty-six subjects (13 men, 13 women) with CNP participated in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to the traditional CCF exercise group (n = 13) or the dual-PBU CCF exercise group (n = 13) and, performed the assigned CCF exercise regimen for 6 weeks. The CCF ROM was measured by a Smart KEMA motion sensor, LCM CSA was measured by ultrasound imaging, and SCM activities were measured by surface electromyography. VAS and NDI scores were used to measure pain intensity and degree of neck disability, respectively. Participants in both groups performed 10 repetitions of the assigned CCF exercise, four times a week for 6 weeks. Those in dual-PBU CCF exercise group performed the CCF exercise while maintaining lower cervical region pressure (40 ㎜Hg). Paired t-tests were used to compare the changes in pre- and post-test values in each group, while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare the post-test values between the groups. The level of statistical significance was set at α = 0.05.
CVA, CCF ROM, and LCM CSA were significantly increased in both groups after the intervention (p < 0.05). SCM activities, VAS scores, and NDI scores were significantly decreased after the intervention (p < 0.05). CVA and LCM CSA in the dual-CCF exercise group were significantly increased compared to the traditional CCF exercise group (p < 0.05). SCM activities were significantly decreased in the dual-PBU CCF exercise group compared to the traditional CCF exercise group (p 0.05). In conclusion, dual-PBU CCF exercise can be recommended for CNP patients to increase CVA and LCM CSA and decrease SCM activities.
Chronic neck pain (CNP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder. People with CNP commonly have smaller craniovertebral angle (CVA), cross-sectional area (CSA) of the longus colli muscle (LCM), and craniocervical flexion (CCF) range of motion (ROM) than healthy people. People with CNP show increased sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) activities than LCM activities during the CCF test. Traditional CCF exercise using a pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) under the upper cervical region has been used to improve coordination function of the cervical muscles and reduce CNP. In this study, one more PBU was added at the lower cervical region (C5-C7) to performing accurate CCF movement by self-monitoring, which restricts compensated cervical retraction at the lower cervical region. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the changes in pre- and post-test values (CVA, CCF ROM, LCM CSA, SCM activities, visual analogue scale [VAS] scores, and Neck Disability Index [NDI] scores) and compare the post-test values between a traditional CCF exercise group and a dual-PBU CCF exercise group.
Twenty-six subjects (13 men, 13 women) with CNP participated in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to the traditional CCF exercise group (n = 13) or the dual-PBU CCF exercise group (n = 13) and, performed the assigned CCF exercise regimen for 6 weeks. The CCF ROM was measured by a Smart KEMA motion sensor, LCM CSA was measured by ultrasound imaging, and SCM activities were measured by surface electromyography. VAS and NDI scores were used to measure pain intensity and degree of neck disability, respectively. Participants in both groups performed 10 repetitions of the assigned CCF exercise, four times a week for 6 weeks. Those in dual-PBU CCF exercise group performed the CCF exercise while maintaining lower cervical region pressure (40 ㎜Hg). Paired t-tests were used to compare the changes in pre- and post-test values in each group, while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare the post-test values between the groups. The level of statistical significance was set at α = 0.05.
CVA, CCF ROM, and LCM CSA were significantly increased in both groups after the intervention (p < 0.05). SCM activities, VAS scores, and NDI scores were significantly decreased after the intervention (p < 0.05). CVA and LCM CSA in the dual-CCF exercise group were significantly increased compared to the traditional CCF exercise group (p < 0.05). SCM activities were significantly decreased in the dual-PBU CCF exercise group compared to the traditional CCF exercise group (p 0.05). In conclusion, dual-PBU CCF exercise can be recommended for CNP patients to increase CVA and LCM CSA and decrease SCM activities.
주제어
#Chronic neck pain Craniovertebral angle Cross-sectional area Muscle activities Pressure biofeedback unit
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