This study aims for developing a functional feed additive which improves feed efficiency and enhances innate immune system in carp by utilizing a mixture of yeast in brewer's by-product and by-product supernatants created after cultivating lactobacillus. We made feed by adding 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5% of...
This study aims for developing a functional feed additive which improves feed efficiency and enhances innate immune system in carp by utilizing a mixture of yeast in brewer's by-product and by-product supernatants created after cultivating lactobacillus. We made feed by adding 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5% of freeze-dried fermented brewer’s supernatant (FFY), culture mixture of 5% lactobacillus culture by-products (5BPM) and culture mixture of 10% lactobacillus culture by-products (10BPM), respectively. The produced feed was gaved to carp for 3 weeks and evaluated lysozyme activity, ACH50 , phagocyte activity(PA), phagocytic index(PI) and immune-related gene expression every 7 days of feeding, evaluated growth rates and challenge test 21 days after feeding. As a result of measuring immune indicators on the 7th, 14th and 21st day after feeding, complement activity (ACH50) was significantly increased (p<0.05) compared to the control group in the FFY and BPM groups regardless of the added concentration. Lysozyme activity on the 21st day, however, was observed with a significant increase (p<0.05) in the 5BPM 0.2% and 0.5% group, and the 10BPM group. PA increased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control group in both the FFY and BPM groups on the day 21st day and increased significantly (p<0.05) in the order of FFY, 5BPM, and 10BPM. However, in the case of PI, no significant difference was observed in all experimental groups compared to the control group. Both IL-1β and TNF-α, a type of pro-inflammatory cytokine, increased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control group in both the 5BPM and 10BPM groups on the 21st day. And IL-10, a type of anti-inflammatory cytokine, was observed to increase significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control group only in the 5BPM 0.5%, 10BPM 0.2%, and 0.5% groups. SOD, an antioxidant index, showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the 5BPM 0.2%, 10BPM 0.2%, and 0.5% groups on the 21st day. In terms of growth rate, all of the additive feed groups except for the FFY 0.5% group and the 10BPM 0.1% group showed a significant increase (p<0.05) compared to the control group. In the challenge test using E. piscicida, the relative percent survival (RPS) on the 10th day of feeding shows 46.6% at 5BPM 0.5%, and 40% at 10BPM 0.5%, respectively. Considering the results from the study, it is assumed that BPM with the addition of lactobacillus culture by-products can effectively enhance the innate immunity of carp rather than using the waste brewer's yeast supernatant alone as a functional feed additive.
This study aims for developing a functional feed additive which improves feed efficiency and enhances innate immune system in carp by utilizing a mixture of yeast in brewer's by-product and by-product supernatants created after cultivating lactobacillus. We made feed by adding 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5% of freeze-dried fermented brewer’s supernatant (FFY), culture mixture of 5% lactobacillus culture by-products (5BPM) and culture mixture of 10% lactobacillus culture by-products (10BPM), respectively. The produced feed was gaved to carp for 3 weeks and evaluated lysozyme activity, ACH50 , phagocyte activity(PA), phagocytic index(PI) and immune-related gene expression every 7 days of feeding, evaluated growth rates and challenge test 21 days after feeding. As a result of measuring immune indicators on the 7th, 14th and 21st day after feeding, complement activity (ACH50) was significantly increased (p<0.05) compared to the control group in the FFY and BPM groups regardless of the added concentration. Lysozyme activity on the 21st day, however, was observed with a significant increase (p<0.05) in the 5BPM 0.2% and 0.5% group, and the 10BPM group. PA increased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control group in both the FFY and BPM groups on the day 21st day and increased significantly (p<0.05) in the order of FFY, 5BPM, and 10BPM. However, in the case of PI, no significant difference was observed in all experimental groups compared to the control group. Both IL-1β and TNF-α, a type of pro-inflammatory cytokine, increased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control group in both the 5BPM and 10BPM groups on the 21st day. And IL-10, a type of anti-inflammatory cytokine, was observed to increase significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control group only in the 5BPM 0.5%, 10BPM 0.2%, and 0.5% groups. SOD, an antioxidant index, showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the 5BPM 0.2%, 10BPM 0.2%, and 0.5% groups on the 21st day. In terms of growth rate, all of the additive feed groups except for the FFY 0.5% group and the 10BPM 0.1% group showed a significant increase (p<0.05) compared to the control group. In the challenge test using E. piscicida, the relative percent survival (RPS) on the 10th day of feeding shows 46.6% at 5BPM 0.5%, and 40% at 10BPM 0.5%, respectively. Considering the results from the study, it is assumed that BPM with the addition of lactobacillus culture by-products can effectively enhance the innate immunity of carp rather than using the waste brewer's yeast supernatant alone as a functional feed additive.
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