[논문]과학적 연구능력을 통해 본 영재학생에 대한 재고: 실험설계검사를 통하여

박종욱; 정현철; 허남영; 신명경

과학적 연구능력을 통해 본 영재학생에 대한 재고: 실험설계검사를 통하여
Rethinking the High Ability Students to Foster Their Scientific Research Skill: Through an Experimental Designing Test 원문보기

한국지구과학회지 = Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society, v.25 no.8, 2004년, pp.674 - 683

박종욱 (청주교육대학교 과학영재교육원) , 정현철 (한국교육개발원) , 허남영 (한국교육개발원) , 신명경 (청주교육대학교 과학영재교육원)

초록
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과학연구를 하는 방법은 매우 다양하다. 과학영재아들로 하여금 본연의 과학연구능력을 개발하고 구현하도록 하는 목적을 달성한다는 것은 이미 알려진 영재교육의 목표이다. 여기서 과학연구능력이라고 할 때 과학연구의 요소는 무엇인가 살펴볼 필요가 생기며 하나의 과학연구가 존재하기 보다는 다양한 연구밥법이 공존한다는 입장이 더 설득력이 있다. 본 연구는 연구능력의 다양한 측면과 특성을 알아보는 탐색연구이며 더 세부적으로 들어가서 과학과정 능력 중 실험설계능력에 초점을 맞추었다. 물론 연구능력이라고 할 때에는 문제발견, 과학지식, 자아통찰 등 다양한 영역이 포함된다. 본 연구에서는 실험설계능력을 보기 위해 1990년 Fowler가 개발한 Diet Cola Test를 국내의 학생들이 사용할 수 있도록 번안하여 사용하였다. 전국 과학영재교육 프로그램에 참여하는 학생 중 총 705명의 초등학교 3학년에서 고등학교 1학년 학생들이 연구대상이 되었으며 과학교육분야에서의 문제중심학습과 창의적 사고력이라는 부분에 초점을 맞추어 연구자료를 해석하였다.

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There is more than one way to conduct scientific research. In addressing the concern for educating the gifted in science towards achieving objectives of fostering their research skill, its elements need be explored and discussed by first admitting that various methodologies and features coexist in the name of scientific research. This study explores the various features of research skill presented as scientific process skills focusing on the students' experimental designing. Of course, there are several other domains included facets of research skill, such as problem finding, scientific knowledge, and self-efficacy. A Diet Cola Test (DCT) (Fowler. 1990) for digging into science process skills as an elements of research skills was administered to 705 students from 3rd to 10th grade, who enrolled the gifted education centers in Korea. Date was interpreted and analyzed based on the focus of Science education perspectives and research methods related to creative thinking and problem-based learning. But I eschew establishing and generalizing fixed constitutes of research skill from this research.

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문제 정의

This paper will depict how the gifted in science design their own experiments to solve a given science related problem. It is popularly assumed that the gifted are good in making something very creatively.

가설 설정

Put all of four boxes in cool and dark place. 3. Don't sill the soil in the box. 4.
4): item 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and a total score of 14 items. My expectation was the metropolitan city group of students will work better than the middle sized city group. The results however showed the opposite.

제안 방법

gifted especially in science. The method is characterized as self-regulated projects, targeted to a interdisciplinary subject, problem based, discerning known and unknown variables, taking a great use of what they already know, and using and nurturing students' sciencing skills including problem finding, problem solving, problem reevaluation, and scientific reporting. Such elements of research can be termed as research skill, Looking into each facet of research skill leads us to easily detect an implicit overarching theme of "in creative way", which is refined to be scientific creativity.
as Table 1. These checklist items are translated and modified from the original work of Fowler (1990) in order to be used properly for this study by considering the level of understanding of students.
Wth major regards to checklist items described in the above session, we run ANOVA with each item score and several student variables: student gender, grade level of elementary and secondary, localities of five different places where sHideiits live, how long students have been involved in the gifted edu-cation program and fields of intensive work of 'science program only' and 'science and math program' which students participated. And significant items resulting in the alpha level of p<0.

대상 데이터

Students applying to the institutes ranked in the top 5% of Korean students in regular schools in terms of achievement test similar to ITBS (Iowa lest of Basic Skill). All students participated in the test were 3rd to 10th graders: 22 in 3rd, 10 in 4th, 118 in 5th, 155 in 6th, 115 in 7th , 201 in 8th, 66 in 9th, and 17 in 10th. A total of 705 student subjects have applied for the creative research based invention festival which was organized by the Korean Education Development Institute.
3. The students were divided into three groups according to the time they spend in the gifted education program: less than 1 year of 254 students, less than 2 years of 254 students, and more than 2 years of 111 students. Similar to the results of student grade, there are no significant differences between their spending time amounts in overall.
There were 459 male and 235 female students involved in this study. The overall data did not show distinctive gender differences.

이론/모형

The instrument to test students' experimenting skill was the Diet Cola lest developed by Fowler (1990). In this study, we used form B.

참고문헌 (24)

Adams, C.M., and Callahan, C.M., 1995, The reliability and validity of a performance task for evaluating science process skills. Gifted Quarterly, 39 (1), 14-20

상세보기
Amabile, T.M., 1987, The motivation to be creative. In S.G. Isaken (ed.) Frontiers of creativity Research: Beyond the Basics (Buffalo, NY: Bearly) pp. 223-254
Billington, H.L., 1997, Poster presentations and peer assessment: novel forms of evaluation and assess. Journal of Biological Education. 31 (3), 218-220

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Chein, M.F., 1982, Creative thinking abilities of gifted children in Taiwan (Chinese). Bulletin of Education Psychology, 15, 97-110
Cohen, I.B., 2000, The impact of science on society. Science Teacher, 67(5), 25-27
Feldhusen, J.F., 1995, Creativity: A knowledge base, metacognitive skill, and personality factor. Journal of Creative Behavior, 29, 255-268

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Finlay, C.S., and Lumsden. C.J., 1988, The creative mind: toward an evolutionary theory of discovery and Innovation. Journal of Social and Biological Structures, 11, 3-55

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Fowler, M., 1990, The diet cola test. Science Scope, 13 (3), 32-34
Friedlander, M., 1983, A natural science creativity test as a prediction of creative thinking in science. The Creative Child and Adult Quarterly, 8 (4), 211-215
Gallagher, S.A., William, S.J., and Rosenthal, H., 1992, The effects of problem based learning on problem Solving. Gifted Child Quarterly, 36 (4), 195-200

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Hu, W., and Adey, P., 2002, A scientific creativity test for secondary school students. International Journal of Science Education, 24 (4), 389-403

상세보기
Jung, H.C. et al., 2002, Development of programs to enhance the scientific creativity-based on theory and examples, Journal of Korean Earth Science Society, 23(4), 334-348
Lubart, T.I., 1994, Creativity. In R.J. Sternberg(ed.)Thinking and Problem Solving (London: Academic Press), pp. 289-332
Lunetta, V., and Tamir, P., 1989, Matching lab activities with teaching goals. The Science Teacher, 46 (5), 22-24
Molitor, L.L., 1976, Development of a test of science process skills. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 13 (5), 405-412

상세보기
Ochanji, M., 2000, Rethinking the role of the science teacher. The Science Teacher, 67 (5), 24
Park, K.H., 2004, Development of the scientific creativity test and analysis of gifted in science students' brain functions, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis.: The Korea National University of Education
Simonton, D.K., 1983, Formal education, eminence and dogmatism: the curvilinear relationship. Journal of Creative Behavior, 17, 149-162

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Sternberg, R.J., and Lubart, T.I., 1991, An investment theory of creativity and its development. Human Development. 34, 1-31

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Stevens, R.J., and Slavin, R.E., 1995, The cooperative elementary school: effects on students' achievement and Attitudes. American Educational Research Journal, 32 (2), 321-351

상세보기
Taylor, I.A., and Getzels, J.W., 1975, Perspectives in creativity. Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago
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과학적 연구능력을 통해 본 영재학생에 대한 재고: 실험설계검사를 통하여
Rethinking the High Ability Students to Foster Their Scientific Research Skill: Through an Experimental Designing Test 원문보기

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