Takahashi, J.
(Department of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
,
Mwenya, B.
(Department of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
,
Santoso, B.
(Department of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
,
Sar, C.
(Department of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
,
Umetsu, K.
(Department of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
,
Kishimoto, T.
(Department of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
,
Nishizaki, K.
(Department of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
,
Kimura, K.
(Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research)
,
Hamamoto, O.
(Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.)
Abatement of greenhouse gas emitted from ruminants and promotion of biogas energy from animal effluent were comprehensively examined in each anaerobic fermentation reactor and animal experiments. Moreover, the energy conversion efficiency of biomass energy to power generation were evaluated with a g...
Abatement of greenhouse gas emitted from ruminants and promotion of biogas energy from animal effluent were comprehensively examined in each anaerobic fermentation reactor and animal experiments. Moreover, the energy conversion efficiency of biomass energy to power generation were evaluated with a gas engine generator or proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). To mitigate safely rumen methanogenesis with nutritional manipulation the suppressing effects of some strains of lactic acid bacteria and yeast, bacteriocin, $\beta$1-4 galactooligosaccharide, plant extracts (Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponarea), L-cysteine and/or nitrate on rumen methane emission were compared with antibiotics. For in vitro trials, cumulative methane production was evaluated using the continuous fermented gas qualification system inoculated with the strained rumen fluid from rumen fistulated Holstein cows. For in vivo, four sequential ventilated head cages equipped with a fully automated gas analyzing system were used to examine the manipulating effects of $\beta$1-4 galactooligosaccharide, lactic acid bacteria (Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides), yeast (Trichosporon serticeum), nisin and Yucca schidigera and/or nitrate on rumen methanogenesis. Furthermore, biogas energy recycled from animal effluent was evaluated with anaerobic bioreactors. Utilization of recycled energy as fuel for a co-generator and fuel cell was tested in the thermophilic biogas plant system. From the results of in vitro and in vivo trials, nitrate was shown to be a strong methane suppressor, although nitrate per se is hazardous. L-cysteine could remove this risk. $\beta$1-4 galactooligosaccharide, Candida kefyr, nisin, Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponarea are thought to possibly control methanogenesis in the rumen. It is possible to simulate the available energy recycled through animal effluent from feed energy resources by making total energy balance sheets of the process from feed energy to recycled energy.
Abatement of greenhouse gas emitted from ruminants and promotion of biogas energy from animal effluent were comprehensively examined in each anaerobic fermentation reactor and animal experiments. Moreover, the energy conversion efficiency of biomass energy to power generation were evaluated with a gas engine generator or proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). To mitigate safely rumen methanogenesis with nutritional manipulation the suppressing effects of some strains of lactic acid bacteria and yeast, bacteriocin, $\beta$1-4 galactooligosaccharide, plant extracts (Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponarea), L-cysteine and/or nitrate on rumen methane emission were compared with antibiotics. For in vitro trials, cumulative methane production was evaluated using the continuous fermented gas qualification system inoculated with the strained rumen fluid from rumen fistulated Holstein cows. For in vivo, four sequential ventilated head cages equipped with a fully automated gas analyzing system were used to examine the manipulating effects of $\beta$1-4 galactooligosaccharide, lactic acid bacteria (Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides), yeast (Trichosporon serticeum), nisin and Yucca schidigera and/or nitrate on rumen methanogenesis. Furthermore, biogas energy recycled from animal effluent was evaluated with anaerobic bioreactors. Utilization of recycled energy as fuel for a co-generator and fuel cell was tested in the thermophilic biogas plant system. From the results of in vitro and in vivo trials, nitrate was shown to be a strong methane suppressor, although nitrate per se is hazardous. L-cysteine could remove this risk. $\beta$1-4 galactooligosaccharide, Candida kefyr, nisin, Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponarea are thought to possibly control methanogenesis in the rumen. It is possible to simulate the available energy recycled through animal effluent from feed energy resources by making total energy balance sheets of the process from feed energy to recycled energy.
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제안 방법
p1-4 galactooligosaccharide (GOS, 200 mg L-1) in powder form, NaNOs (NO3, 10 mM), and Lcysteine (CYS, 10 mM) were used as manipulators of rumen fermentation. To test the inhibitory effect of GOS, two different probiotics (two strains of yeast and lactic acid bacteria), and L-cysteine (CYS, 10 mM) on ruminal nitrate reduction, NaNO3 (NO3, 10 mM) with or without GOS (200 mg L-1), two types of cultured yeast and lactic acid were used in this experiment. Control incubations were conducted without any manipulators.
대상 데이터
Figure 12. Biogas model plant in a farm attached to Obihiro University.
이론/모형
In vitro continuous fermented gas qualification system (Takahashi et al., 2003) was originally designed to run these experiments based on the early in vitro model for Gas Production System (Takahashi et al., 2000). Figure 1 shows the schematic explanations.
성능/효과
85 MJ can be collected per each kg DM of manure. In the measurement of power generation efficiencies from cow effluent in the thermophilic biogas plant, the ratios in power generation, heat and loss were 28%, 33% and 39% in gas engine generator, and 38%, 40% and 22% in PEMFC, respectively. As the DM intake of 600 kg cow at maintenance level is ca 7.
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