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Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The mechanism fur the surface film formation was studied by in situ Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) observation of a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) basal plane surface during cyclic voltammetry at a slow scan-rate of 0.5 mV $s^{-1}$ in 1 moi $dm^{-3}$ (M) $LiPF_6$...

The mechanism fur the surface film formation was studied by in situ Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) observation of a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) basal plane surface during cyclic voltammetry at a slow scan-rate of 0.5 mV $s^{-1}$ in 1 moi $dm^{-3}$ (M) $LiPF_6$ dissolved in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC). Decomposition of the electrolyte solution began at a potential around 2.15 V vs. $Li^+$/Li on step edges. In the potential range 0.95-0.8 V vs. $Li^+$/Li, flat areas (hill-like structures) and large swelling appeared on the surface. It is considered that these two features were formed by the intercalation of solvated lithium ions and their decomposition beneath the surface, respectively. At potentials more negative than 0.80 V vs. $Li^+$/Li, particle-like precipitates appeared on the basal plane surface. After the first cycle, the thickness of the precipitate layer was 30 nm. The precipitates were considered to be decomposition of the lithium salt ($LiPF_6$) and solvent molecules (EC and DEC), and to have an important role in suppressing further solvent decomposition on the basal plane.

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