각기 다른 유기물이 투여된 토양에서 토양의 화학적, 미생물학적 특성과 미생물의 다양성에 미치는 생물비료의 효과 Effects of a Biological Amendment on Chemical and Biological Properties and Microbial Diversity in Soils Receiving Different Organic Amendments원문보기
여러가지의 선발된 미생물로 구성된 미생물비료는 토양 개량과 식물 생장 촉진을 위해서 여러 유기물과 결합하여 이용되기도 한다. 미생물 비료를 미생물 비료 단독으로 그리고 도시 가로수 부산물 퇴비, 가금류 분뇨 부산물, 레드클로버와 귀리의 피복작물 등의 유기물과 같이 토양에 처리하여 토양의 화학적 또는 생물학적 특성에 미치는 효과를 측정하였다. 액체상의 미생물 비료를 2년동안 3회 처리하였다. 미생물 비료 단독으로는 pH, K, 유기물 함량에 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 미생물비료의 처리는 2년 가을 모두 가금류 분뇨 부산물을 처리한 토양의 인산 함량을 증가시켰고, 첫해 가을에 퇴비를 처리한 토양의 칼슘함량을 증가시켰으며, 레드클로버를 처리한 토양의 Ca, Mg, 그리고 양이온교환용량을 감소시켰다. 미생물 비료는 레드클로버가 처리된 토양에서 첫 해 7월에 탈수소효소 활성을 증가시켰다. 미생물 비료는 유기물이 처리되지 않은 토양이나 퇴비가 처리된 토양에서 FDA의 가수분해도를 가끔 증가시켰다. 가금류 분뇨 부산물과 레드 클로버가 처리된 토양의 FDA 가수분해도와 가금류 분뇨 부산물이 처리된 토양의 탈수소효소활성은 미생물 비료의 처리로 감소하였다. 한편, 미생물 비료의 처리는 BIOLOG에 의한 토양 미생물 군락의 생리생태적 다양성에는 영향을 미치지 못했다. 따라서 토양의 미생물학적 특성에 미치는 미생물비료의 효과는 같이 투여되는 유기물의 종류에 따라 다양하다고 할 수 있으며, 탈수소효소의 활성은 레드클로버가 처리된 토양에서, 그리고 FDA 가수분해도는 퇴비와 귀리가 처리된 토양에서 가끔 증가했다.
여러가지의 선발된 미생물로 구성된 미생물비료는 토양 개량과 식물 생장 촉진을 위해서 여러 유기물과 결합하여 이용되기도 한다. 미생물 비료를 미생물 비료 단독으로 그리고 도시 가로수 부산물 퇴비, 가금류 분뇨 부산물, 레드클로버와 귀리의 피복작물 등의 유기물과 같이 토양에 처리하여 토양의 화학적 또는 생물학적 특성에 미치는 효과를 측정하였다. 액체상의 미생물 비료를 2년동안 3회 처리하였다. 미생물 비료 단독으로는 pH, K, 유기물 함량에 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 미생물비료의 처리는 2년 가을 모두 가금류 분뇨 부산물을 처리한 토양의 인산 함량을 증가시켰고, 첫해 가을에 퇴비를 처리한 토양의 칼슘함량을 증가시켰으며, 레드클로버를 처리한 토양의 Ca, Mg, 그리고 양이온교환용량을 감소시켰다. 미생물 비료는 레드클로버가 처리된 토양에서 첫 해 7월에 탈수소효소 활성을 증가시켰다. 미생물 비료는 유기물이 처리되지 않은 토양이나 퇴비가 처리된 토양에서 FDA의 가수분해도를 가끔 증가시켰다. 가금류 분뇨 부산물과 레드 클로버가 처리된 토양의 FDA 가수분해도와 가금류 분뇨 부산물이 처리된 토양의 탈수소효소활성은 미생물 비료의 처리로 감소하였다. 한편, 미생물 비료의 처리는 BIOLOG에 의한 토양 미생물 군락의 생리생태적 다양성에는 영향을 미치지 못했다. 따라서 토양의 미생물학적 특성에 미치는 미생물비료의 효과는 같이 투여되는 유기물의 종류에 따라 다양하다고 할 수 있으며, 탈수소효소의 활성은 레드클로버가 처리된 토양에서, 그리고 FDA 가수분해도는 퇴비와 귀리가 처리된 토양에서 가끔 증가했다.
Biological amendments consisting of suspensions of selected microorganisms are often used in conjunction with various organic materials for amending soils to improve soil quality and plant growth. The effects of the biological amendment on chemical and biological properties of soil were investigated...
Biological amendments consisting of suspensions of selected microorganisms are often used in conjunction with various organic materials for amending soils to improve soil quality and plant growth. The effects of the biological amendment on chemical and biological properties of soil were investigated for a biological amendmentalone and when combined with different organic materials includingmunicipal compost (MC), poultry litter (PL), and cover crops (red clover (RC) and spring oats). A liquid preparation of a biological amendment called Effective Microorganisms was sprayed on the tested plots three times over a two-year period. Effective Microorganisms alone did not influence pH, K, or organic matter content in soil. However, increases in P in PL-treated soils in fall of both years andCa in MC-treated soil in fall 2001, and decreases in Ca, Mg, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in RC-planted soil were associated with EM. Increased dehydrogenase(DH) activitiesassociated with Effective Microorganismswere only detected in July (P=0.0222) and October (P=0.0834) for RC-planted soils in the first year. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysisappeared to be enhanced by Effective Microorganisms in soils untreated or treated with MC and oatsbut only sporadically during the sampling period. FDA hydrolysis in both PL- and RC-treated soils as well as DH activity in PL-treated soils decreased with Effective Microorganisms treatment. Effective Microorganisms did not influence substrate utilization patterns expressed by the BIOLOG assay. We conclude that Effective Microorganisms effects on soil chemical and biological properties varied depending on the added organic materials. Effective Microorganisms periodically increased soil DH activity and FDA hydrolysis with RC and with MC plus oats, respectively.
Biological amendments consisting of suspensions of selected microorganisms are often used in conjunction with various organic materials for amending soils to improve soil quality and plant growth. The effects of the biological amendment on chemical and biological properties of soil were investigated for a biological amendmentalone and when combined with different organic materials includingmunicipal compost (MC), poultry litter (PL), and cover crops (red clover (RC) and spring oats). A liquid preparation of a biological amendment called Effective Microorganisms was sprayed on the tested plots three times over a two-year period. Effective Microorganisms alone did not influence pH, K, or organic matter content in soil. However, increases in P in PL-treated soils in fall of both years andCa in MC-treated soil in fall 2001, and decreases in Ca, Mg, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in RC-planted soil were associated with EM. Increased dehydrogenase(DH) activitiesassociated with Effective Microorganismswere only detected in July (P=0.0222) and October (P=0.0834) for RC-planted soils in the first year. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysisappeared to be enhanced by Effective Microorganisms in soils untreated or treated with MC and oatsbut only sporadically during the sampling period. FDA hydrolysis in both PL- and RC-treated soils as well as DH activity in PL-treated soils decreased with Effective Microorganisms treatment. Effective Microorganisms did not influence substrate utilization patterns expressed by the BIOLOG assay. We conclude that Effective Microorganisms effects on soil chemical and biological properties varied depending on the added organic materials. Effective Microorganisms periodically increased soil DH activity and FDA hydrolysis with RC and with MC plus oats, respectively.
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문제 정의
This research examined the effects of Effective Microorganisms applied as liquid suspensions following amendment of soil with several organic materials including cover crops. The objectives of this study were to determine if Effective Microorganisms affected soil chemical and microbiological properties as influenced by organic amendment and time during the growing season. We hypothesized that Effective Microorganisms mightalter soil fertility and biological characteristics, and that the effects might differ depending on organic sources and sampling time.
, 2000), however, there isvery little evidence for the effects of actualEffective Microorganisms on soil properties. This research examined the effects of Effective Microorganisms applied as liquid suspensions following amendment of soil with several organic materials including cover crops. The objectives of this study were to determine if Effective Microorganisms affected soil chemical and microbiological properties as influenced by organic amendment and time during the growing season.
가설 설정
The objectives of this study were to determine if Effective Microorganisms affected soil chemical and microbiological properties as influenced by organic amendment and time during the growing season. We hypothesized that Effective Microorganisms mightalter soil fertility and biological characteristics, and that the effects might differ depending on organic sources and sampling time.
제안 방법
Table 2. Pairwise comparisons of a biological amendment effects on soil chemical parameters within each five organic amendments for two years.†
The datafor soil chemical properties and soil enzymes were analyzed with the linear mixed model of repeated measures of three (chemical properties) or nine (biological properties) sampling dates and slice option with SAS statistical software package (SAS Institute, 1999).Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on BIOLOG data to characterize microbial communities for different sampling dates and organic amendments. Multivariate approaches developed by Läuter (1996) and Glimm et al.
Statistical analysis Data were analyzed using a 2 x 5 strip-plot design based on two EM treatments (whole plot), and five organic amendments (sub plot). The datafor soil chemical properties and soil enzymes were analyzed with the linear mixed model of repeated measures of three (chemical properties) or nine (biological properties) sampling dates and slice option with SAS statistical software package (SAS Institute, 1999).
대상 데이터
The soil at the research site was a Mexico silt loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Aeric Vertic Epiaqualfs). A strip-plot (split-block) design was used with three replicate blocks, and individual plots were approximately 36 m2 (4 X 9 m) for this research. Each block consisted of five plots randomly arranged to receive different organic materials, and each block was split so that half of the plots was treated with Effective Microorganisms (EM) and the other half did not receive EM (Park, 2004).
Study site, experimental design, and sampling procedures This study was conducted at the University of Missouri Bradford Research Center (38° 53' N, 92° 12' W)in North Central Missouri during 2001 and 2002. The soil at the research site was a Mexico silt loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Aeric Vertic Epiaqualfs).
Study site, experimental design, and sampling procedures This study was conducted at the University of Missouri Bradford Research Center (38° 53' N, 92° 12' W)in North Central Missouri during 2001 and 2002. The soil at the research site was a Mexico silt loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Aeric Vertic Epiaqualfs). A strip-plot (split-block) design was used with three replicate blocks, and individual plots were approximately 36 m2 (4 X 9 m) for this research.
데이터처리
Table 4. Principal components which significantly differentiated a biological amendment treatment within the same organic amendments when BIOLOG data were analyzed with principal component analysis followed by ANOVA t test performed with the principal components.
후속연구
High P and Ca contents of treated soils were likely a reflection of the inherent high initial concentrations of these nutrients in the PL and MC amendments (Park, 2004). The decreased Ca and Mg levels and lower CEC associated with EM + RC treatments might affect microbial decomposition of red clover residues, however, further study addressing the specific relationshipsbetween these soil properties and decomposition is required.
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