[논문]초등학생의 우울증, 스마트폰 중독 및 학교생활 만족도의 관계에 대한 탐색: Partial Least Square(PLS) 경로모형 분석을 중심으로

주지혁

doi:10.14400/jdpm.2013.11.12.49

초등학생의 우울증, 스마트폰 중독 및 학교생활 만족도의 관계에 대한 탐색: Partial Least Square(PLS) 경로모형 분석을 중심으로
Exploring relationships among Korean Children's Depression, Smartphone Addiction, and School Life Satisfaction: Focusing on Partial Least Square (PLS) Path Modeling 원문보기

디지털정책연구 = The Journal of digital policy & management, v.11 no.12, 2013년, pp.49 - 60

초록
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스마트폰의 급격한 확산은 다양한 측면에서 부작용과 우려를 낳고 있다. 특히 초등학생의 스마트폰 중독 현상은 학부모나 선생님 등에 의해서 많은 관심을 끌고 있는 최근에 나타나고 있는 현상이다. 본 연구는 기존 연구검토를 통해 초등학생의 스마트폰 중독에 우울증이 영향을 미치고 우울증과 스마트폰 중독은 학교생활만족도에 영향을 미친다는 가정을 설정하고, 이를 Partial Least Square(PLS) 경로모형으로 검정하였다. 연구결과 우울증은 스마트폰 중독에 긍정적(+) 영향을 미쳤고 학교생활만족도에는 부정적(-) 영향을 미쳤다. 그리고 스마트폰 중독은 학교생활만족도에 부정적인(-) 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 어린이의 스마트폰 중독 예방과 학교생활만족도를 높이기 위해 우울 성향을 감소시킬 수 있는 가족과 학교 당국의 적절한 방안을 강구해야 한다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The spread of smartphone in Korea causes several side effects and raises concerns. Especially, recently the addiction to smartphone of elementary school children has been paid attention to by their parents, teachers, and so on. After literature review, this research presented hypotheses that depression would affect children's addiction to smartphone positively and school life satisfaction (SLS) negatively, in turn their addiction to smartphone would affect SLS negatively. We employed Partial Least Square (PLS) path modeling to test the hypotheses. We found that all hypotheses were supported. The findings of this study suggest that their families and school authorities should make valid measures to lessen children's depression for preventing addicting to smartphone and, in turn, increasing SLS.

주제어

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문제 정의

However, there are few of study on children's smartphone addiction in Korea. This research aims to bridge a gap between practice and theory.
Several studies have been made on smartphone addiction of adults, college student or youth, but few attempts have been made at children's smartphone addiction in Korea. This research explores structural causalities among depression, addiction to smartphone, and school life satisfaction of Korean children. This study aims to overcome insufficiency of research on children's addiction, to present a significant suggestion to prevent smartphone addiction of children and to legitimate hindrance of carrying a smartphone in the school.
This study aims to overcome insufficiency of research on children's addiction, to present a significant suggestion to prevent smartphone addiction of children and to legitimate hindrance of carrying a smartphone in the school.

가설 설정

H 1: Children's depression will have a positive effect on addiction to smartphone.
H 3: Children's addiction to smartphone will have a negative effect on SLS.

제안 방법

As mentioned above, this research administers item parceling based on subdomains of constructs, which aims to reduce measurement items to analyze CFA and PLS path modeling.
Individual items of the four subdomains sum into a parcel to input as indicators of addiction to smartphone for CFA analyzing.
Just like the previous constructs, the 36 items of SLS were parceled into the aforementioned six subdomains. The individual items of the six subdomains sum into a parcel for inputting as indicators of SLS for CFA analyzing. Higher scored, greater satisfied.
The present study explores structural relationships among Korean children's depression, smartphone addiction, and school life satisfaction. The research instruments consist of 4 parts questionnaire that were modified from a variety of sources to gather information regarding demographics, depression, addiction to smartphone, and school life satisfaction.
Although this study provides significant implications for phenomena related to smartphone addiction, some limitations are inherent in current study. This research employed multi-items scales and made parcels with subdomain of original scales. To make measurement and analysis easier, future study should develop abbreviated scales with validity and reliability.
To examine reliability and validity of measurement scales, this study executes PLS Algorithm on Calculate tap of SmartPLS 2.0 M3[40] package to get Cronbach's Alpha(α) and composite reliability.
To examine the hypotheses, the current research employed a self-reported survey of Korean children who use the smartphone. The survey was administered at two elementary school of a city in the Metropolitan area for two weeks from November 26 to December 7, 2012.

대상 데이터

Just like the previous constructs, the 36 items of SLS were parceled into the aforementioned six subdomains. The individual items of the six subdomains sum into a parcel for inputting as indicators of SLS for CFA analyzing.
Respondents chosen for this study were 250, whose demographic profiles are present in Table 1. As Table 1 appears, 52% of the respondents were male with 48% female.
To examine the hypotheses, the current research employed a self-reported survey of Korean children who use the smartphone. The survey was administered at two elementary school of a city in the Metropolitan area for two weeks from November 26 to December 7, 2012. Considering research purpose, the smartphone users were chosen intentionally through the school authorities' aid.
The most complex variable is anxiety-present, comprised original 14items before parceling items. Thus, 250 samples are appropriate to the criterion due to needing more than 140 samples for this study.

데이터처리

In PLS path modeling, the model validity is appraised by R square value and the structural paths[43]. This research executed bootstrapping to estimate the statistical significance of constructs path coefficient by means of t-tests. All three hypotheses are supported by the data.

이론/모형

The addiction to smartphone is the latest issue and lacks a strong theory base, so that this study employed PLS method. Moreover, sample size of this research is small comparatively and 250 that satisfies criterion, i.
The items of depression are selected from the previous study that employed K-BDI(Beck Depression Inventory I- Korean version), modifying BDI[30] in Korean by Rhee, et al. [31].
This study selected PLS method due to good advantages compared to covariance-based structural equation modeling (SEM) approaches like LISREL and AMOS[36, 37]. Whereas SEM emphasizes the sample size, PLS is free from it, which PLS is good for a small sample size research [36-38].
To test construct validity of measurement model, this research uses convergent and discriminant validity[41]. For examining convergent validity, this research considers AVE (Average Variance Extracted), of which the greater than 0.

성능/효과

SLS is predicted negatively by depression (β=-0.37, t=3.95, p<0.001, one-tailed test) and addiction to smartphone(β=-0.20, t=1.92, p<0.05, one-tailed test) and the two constructs together explained 22.0% of the variance in SLS.
The findings mean that as hypothesized, addiction to smartphone is affected positively by depression and SLS is affected negatively by depression and addiction to smartphone.
The findings of this study suggest that children's family and school authorities may make valid actions so that children cannot fall in depression, on the grounds that the depression influenced smartphone addiction and SLS.
We proposed and tested hypotheses which depression could predict SLS directly and indirectly, mediated by addiction to smartphone. This research found that depression predicted SLS negatively and smartphone addiction positively, in turn, smartphone addiction predicted SLS negatively. These findings lead us to the conclusion that children with more depressive tendency indulge in and are more readily addicted to smartphone.

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저자의 다른 논문 :

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