이 연구는 필리핀 연안수역의 해양안전과 선박교통관제서비스에 대한 설문조사 결과의 일부를 나타낸 것이다. 이 연구는 응답자의 경력과 육 해상 경험, 친숙해역, 위험요소별 위험지역별 선박운항자의 주관적 위험인식을 조사하였다. 설문은 202명이 응답해 주었고 설문 데이터는 엑셀 프로그램과 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 전체 응답자의 97 %가 다양한 종류와 크기의 선박에서 승선한 경험이 있었고 88 %는 선박 항해에 직접적으로 종사한 사람이었으며 마닐라 지역(NCR지역)에서 가장 높은 응답률이 있었다. 위험요소별 위험지역별 위험인식 부분에서 위험수준 3단계 '때때로 위험 증가'와 위험수준 4단계 '자주 위험 증가'라는 높은 위험 지표를 보였다. 이 연구에서 가장 높은 위험 요소는 위험수준 5단계 '매우 자주 위험 증가'에 해당되는 "법과 규정의 위반" 으로 나타났다. 그리고 전체 친숙 해역 중 가장 높은 위험 인식을 보인 마닐라 베이 지역(NCR 지역)에서도 역시 위험수준 5단계로 나타났다. 그러므로 각 지역내에서 실행가능한 법과 규정의 광범위한 검토(해상교통체계와 구조물들의 강화, 이해당사자들의 교육(국가의 혼잡 수역, 특히 마닐라 베이 지역))의 실행이 이 연구에 의해 권고된다. 이 연구의 궁극적인 목적은 안전 관련 정보를 수집 분석하여 국내 해상교통안전의 개선과 향상의 지침으로 활용될 기술과 모델을 개발하는 것이다.
이 연구는 필리핀 연안수역의 해양안전과 선박교통관제서비스에 대한 설문조사 결과의 일부를 나타낸 것이다. 이 연구는 응답자의 경력과 육 해상 경험, 친숙해역, 위험요소별 위험지역별 선박운항자의 주관적 위험인식을 조사하였다. 설문은 202명이 응답해 주었고 설문 데이터는 엑셀 프로그램과 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 전체 응답자의 97 %가 다양한 종류와 크기의 선박에서 승선한 경험이 있었고 88 %는 선박 항해에 직접적으로 종사한 사람이었으며 마닐라 지역(NCR지역)에서 가장 높은 응답률이 있었다. 위험요소별 위험지역별 위험인식 부분에서 위험수준 3단계 '때때로 위험 증가'와 위험수준 4단계 '자주 위험 증가'라는 높은 위험 지표를 보였다. 이 연구에서 가장 높은 위험 요소는 위험수준 5단계 '매우 자주 위험 증가'에 해당되는 "법과 규정의 위반" 으로 나타났다. 그리고 전체 친숙 해역 중 가장 높은 위험 인식을 보인 마닐라 베이 지역(NCR 지역)에서도 역시 위험수준 5단계로 나타났다. 그러므로 각 지역내에서 실행가능한 법과 규정의 광범위한 검토(해상교통체계와 구조물들의 강화, 이해당사자들의 교육(국가의 혼잡 수역, 특히 마닐라 베이 지역))의 실행이 이 연구에 의해 권고된다. 이 연구의 궁극적인 목적은 안전 관련 정보를 수집 분석하여 국내 해상교통안전의 개선과 향상의 지침으로 활용될 기술과 모델을 개발하는 것이다.
This paper presents the Part 1 of the Questionnaire Survey on Marine Safety and VTS in the Philippine Coastal Waters. This part deals with respondents profiles; experiences onboard and ashore; familiar areas; and their subjective perception of marine risks- by factors and by areas. The subjects are ...
This paper presents the Part 1 of the Questionnaire Survey on Marine Safety and VTS in the Philippine Coastal Waters. This part deals with respondents profiles; experiences onboard and ashore; familiar areas; and their subjective perception of marine risks- by factors and by areas. The subjects are chosen from different regions nationwide with connection and/or with maritime background. There are 202 responses returned and these are put into a database for analysis made through Excel programs and statistics references. The result of the nationwide responses show that 97 % of respondents have shipboard experiences onboard of different ships' types and sizes; and 88 % are directly involved in the navigation of ships. Risk Perception levels - by factors and by familiar areas - show a higher risk degree in the 3rd level ('Sometimes Increases Risks') and 4th level ('Often Increases Risk') in each respondents' response indices. The study finds that the most risky factor is the "Violation of Rules and Regulations" which has a high risk at 5th level (Very Often Increases Risk), and for the over-all familiar areas, the Manila Bay area (NCR region) garners the most risky perception, also, at the 5th level. It is, therefore, recommended by this paper to conduct a comprehensive review of the rules and regulations viable in each locality; strengthening the maritime traffic systems, structures and educating the stake-holders specifically in Manila Bay area and other busy waterways of the country. The ultimate goal of this paper is to gather information, analyze these data and develop a set of tools and techniques to be utilized as a guide in the improvement and development of maritime traffic safety in the country.
This paper presents the Part 1 of the Questionnaire Survey on Marine Safety and VTS in the Philippine Coastal Waters. This part deals with respondents profiles; experiences onboard and ashore; familiar areas; and their subjective perception of marine risks- by factors and by areas. The subjects are chosen from different regions nationwide with connection and/or with maritime background. There are 202 responses returned and these are put into a database for analysis made through Excel programs and statistics references. The result of the nationwide responses show that 97 % of respondents have shipboard experiences onboard of different ships' types and sizes; and 88 % are directly involved in the navigation of ships. Risk Perception levels - by factors and by familiar areas - show a higher risk degree in the 3rd level ('Sometimes Increases Risks') and 4th level ('Often Increases Risk') in each respondents' response indices. The study finds that the most risky factor is the "Violation of Rules and Regulations" which has a high risk at 5th level (Very Often Increases Risk), and for the over-all familiar areas, the Manila Bay area (NCR region) garners the most risky perception, also, at the 5th level. It is, therefore, recommended by this paper to conduct a comprehensive review of the rules and regulations viable in each locality; strengthening the maritime traffic systems, structures and educating the stake-holders specifically in Manila Bay area and other busy waterways of the country. The ultimate goal of this paper is to gather information, analyze these data and develop a set of tools and techniques to be utilized as a guide in the improvement and development of maritime traffic safety in the country.
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문제 정의
The goal of this paper is to gather and analyze information from the frontline maritime personnel from the different regions nationwide based on their experiences and subjective perceptions. Upon analysis, these data shall establish a set of tools and techniques to be utilized as a guide in the improvement and development of maritime traffic safety in the country.
This paper presents the first part of the survey questionnaire about marine safety and vessel traffic services in the Philippine coastal waters. The survey was conducted in the mid-2011 to late-2012.
가설 설정
3. Visayas- this group has five ports inclusive of Eastern, Central and Western Visayas. The mean score of this group is 39.
제안 방법
The first step in the calculation is to cross-tabulate the actual values (values surrounded by the bold frames in Table 4) - the horizontal header is the ranks last served onboard and at left-vertical axis is the regions. The next step is to calculate each values’ expected frequencies using equation (1) and results are shown in Table 5.
대상 데이터
4 %) with only three respondents. Based on response frequencies, the median is placed at the 100-500GT group with 29 respondents.
Followed by the <5 year group with 45 respondents.
4 %) with only three respondents. The median is placed at the 100-500GT group with 29 respondents.
This is followed by the <5 years sea experience with 45 respondents. The more experienced are in the 34-38 years of sea-time with one each and one (1) outlier with 48 years of experience. Because the degree of dispersion is so widespread that the median is taken at 21.
Returns from merchant ships have 90 respondents, followed by the passenger with 69. There are 25 Pilots, 19 Marine engineers and 10 from tug officers. Only 6 responded from the Philippine Coast Guard and they are working at the VTMS center in Manila Bay.
In the last rank served, there are 220 responses where the greatest number came from the merchant vessel officers at 90 responses; followed by 69 from the passenger/ferry people. There are 25 pilots, 19 from tugs and 6 from the PCG. Some responses are double-ranked being a full-time merchant ship officer but, also performing other maritime shore jobs while in vacation.
In Table 2, those serving the shipping companies ashore as Agents or personnel in human resource top the list at 45 respondents. This is followed by those in training centers, upgrading centers, review centers and maritime schools with 22 respondents. Respondents from Coast Guard have 10 responses; Nine (9) are employed from various maritime agencies of government; Five (5) from the Harbor offices and one (1) works at Philippine Ports Authority in Manila.
성능/효과
1. Manila/Luzon group area- it has an average of 27.5 responses and the highest at 4th level “Often Increases Risk” Standard Score (SC) 1.3.
2. Educate and re-validate the local water-users of the current rules, systems and policies; and the necessity of having a safe maritime traffic management.
2. In the last rank served, there are 220 responses where the greatest number came from the merchant vessel officers at 90 responses; followed by 69 from the passenger/ferry people. There are 25 pilots, 19 from tugs and 6 from the PCG.
3. The average size served came from the >30K group with 57 respondents (26.5 %) and followed almost even number 43 and 42 responses by 10-30K and 1-5K group (20 % and 19.5 %) respectively.
4. In the Familiar Areas, the highest is the National Capital Region (NCR) with 108, followed by Batangas Bay (98), Cebu (79) and Cagayan de Oro (63) in Northern Mindanao. The least is in Region 8, Tacloban area (18); and in Region 10, Ozamiz area (16).
6. In the risk by group-areas, the highest risk is placed at Manila/Luzon group with 28 % (4th level, “Often Increases Risk”), followed by the Southern Luzon group with 29 % (3rd level, “Sometimes Increases Risk“), Visayas has 33 % also at its 3rd level; Northern and Southern Mindanao with their highest at the 3rd level also, 36 % and 41 % respectively.
By using Cramer’s coefficient test, the relationship between the respondents’ ranks served and their familiar areas resulted in 0.1681 coefficient which denotes that the two data have very weak relationship.
Of the highest risk level, the Manila/Luzon group is at the 4th level, 28 %, “Often Increases Risk”; Southern Luzon has its 29 % at 3rd level “Sometimes Increases Risk“; Visayas has 33 % also at its 3rd level; and Northern and Southern Mindanao with their similar highest stage at the 3rd level, 36 % and 41 % respectively.
The analyzed results of this study finds that the most compelling perceived risk factor is the “Violation of Rules and Regulations” described in Table 7, which has the highest risk at the 5th level (Very Often Increases Risk) and the most risky area, over-all by the familiar areas, is the Manila/Luzon group, specifically the Manila Bay of the NCR area.
참고문헌 (6)
Cebu Port Authority(2012), Statistics. Shipcalls 2011 vs 2010 (access dated 12. 2012), http://www.cpa.gov.ph/.
Kristiansen, S.(2005). Maritime Transportation Safety Management and Risk Analysis. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. pp. 31, 85-88.
National Statistical Coordination Board(2012), PSGC Interactive, List of Regions (access dated 12. 2012), http://www.nscb.gov.ph. activestats/psgc/listreg.asp/.
Park, J. S.(1994), Marine Traffic Engineering in Korean Waters. Thesis (Ph.D.), University of Marine Studies University of Plymouth. pp. 252-260.
Philippine Ports Authority(2012), Annual Port Statistics by Port in Excel Files, 2011 Statistics (January-December), Nationwide Summary by PMO by Type of Port (access dated 12. 2012), http://www.ppa.com.ph/.
Takahashi, S.(2011). The Manga Guide to Statistics. No Starch Press, Inc. San Francisco, CA. pp. 66-74, 138-141.
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